Most of the methods of garbage disposal are still in the traditional landfill, occupying tens of thousands of acres of land; and insects and flies fly, sewage overflowing, foul smell, seriously polluting the environment. Therefore, separate garbage collection can reduce the amount of garbage disposal and treatment equipment, reduce the cost of treatment, reduce the consumption of land resources, with social, economic and ecological benefits. The advantages of garbage classification are as follows:
1, reduce the occupation of land: some substances in domestic garbage are not easy to degrade, so that the land is seriously eroded. Garbage classification, remove the recyclable, not easy to degrade the material, reduce the amount of garbage up to 50% or more.
2, reduce environmental pollution: discarded batteries contain metal mercury, cadmium and other toxic substances, which will cause serious harm to humans; waste plastics in the soil will lead to crop yield reduction; abandoned waste plastics are misused by animals, resulting in animal deaths occur from time to time. Therefore recycling can reduce the harm.
3, turn waste into treasure: China's annual use of plastic fast-food containers up to 4 billion, instant noodle bowls 500-700 million, waste plastic accounted for 4-7% of the domestic waste. 1 ton of waste plastic can be back to refining 600 kilograms of diesel fuel. Recycling 1,500 tons of waste paper can avoid cutting down forests used to produce 1,200 tons of paper. One ton of cans can be melted down to form one ton of very good aluminum blocks, which can reduce the mining of 20 tons of aluminum ore. 30%-40% of the production waste can be recycled and should be treasured as a small and profitable resource. We can also use cans to make pencil cases, both environmental protection, but also save resources.
Domestic waste can generally be divided into four categories: recyclable waste, kitchen waste, hazardous waste and other waste. At present, the commonly used methods of garbage disposal mainly include comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration and composting.
Recyclable garbage includes paper, metal, plastic, glass, etc. Recycling through comprehensive treatment can reduce pollution and save resources. Such as each recycled 1 ton of waste paper can make 0.85 tons of good paper, saving 0.3 tons of wood, than the same amount of production to reduce pollution by 74%; each recycled 1 ton of plastic beverage bottles can be 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; each recycled 1 ton of scrap steel can be refined 0.9 tons of steel, smelting with ore than the cost of savings of 47% to reduce air pollution by 75% to reduce the 97% of water pollution and solid waste. Kitchen waste, including leftovers, bones, vegetable roots and leaves, and other food waste, composted by biotechnology on-site treatment, each ton can produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer. Hazardous waste includes waste mercury-containing batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste silver thermometers, expired medicines, etc., which require special safe treatment. Other wastes include bricks and tiles, ceramics, slag and other wastes that are difficult to recycle in addition to the above categories of wastes, and the adoption of incineration or sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
Question 2: What kind of treatment will be carried out after the classification of other garbage The correct practice is: classification and packing - classification and transportation - sorting and processing
For recyclables, the resources of the two raw materials, to achieve the reuse of resources;
For hazardous garbage, use a special type of garbage, which can be recycled in a special way. p> For hazardous waste, special means of treatment;
Kitchen waste, after proper treatment and processing, can be converted into new resources, high organic content of the characteristics of its strict treatment can be used as fertilizer, feed, but also produce methane gas used as a fuel or power generation, oil and grease part of the preparation can be used in the preparation of biofuels.
Other wastes are generally treated by sanitary landfills and incineration.
At present, many cities have begun to do a good job of waste classification from the source, and to achieve the classification of transportation and treatment.
Question 3: How to improve the classification of garbage treatment to make a few suggestions In the classification of garbage collection and treatment, different categories of waste have different ways of treatment, briefly described as follows:
1) Cabinets can be used to waste dehydration and drying treatment device, after treatment of dry matter transported to the feed processing plant as raw materials. The cost of equipment and operating costs for different treatment scales (divided into large and small) are described in Appendix 1.
2) Recyclable waste will be collected and sorted for reuse.
3) Hazardous waste will be transported to the solid waste treatment center for centralized treatment.
4) Other non-recyclable garbage will be transported to landfills or incinerators for disposal.
All garbage will be transported from the neighborhood to a nearby transfer station and then to a few waste treatment centers. Obviously, of the two items 1) and 2) are treated, recycled and utilized to generate economic benefits, while 3) and 4) only consume disposal costs and do not generate economic benefits.
The aim of this research project is to contribute to the process of waste classification in Shenzhen. To this end, you are asked to use mathematical modeling methods to do some research on the realization of classified waste in Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, the specific objectives of the study are:
1) Assuming that the size and location of the existing waste transfer station under the conditions of unchanged, to give the design of the distribution of large and small equipment (cabinets of residual waste), when Dan in the current conditions of transport equipment to give a specific plan for the removal of the route. In order to achieve the best economic efficiency and environmental effects.
2) Assuming that the transfer station allows for redesign, redesign it for the objectives of question 1).
Just for the sake of convenience, in the webpage pointed out in Appendix 2 of the question, relevant information about all the neighborhoods in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City is given, together with the data on the existing garbage disposal and the location of the transfer station. Other required data and information are given on their own.
Question 4: How is garbage categorized? 5 points Garbage sorting is to put garbage into different categories according to "recyclable" and "non-recyclable", and turn it into resources again by sorting out and recycling.
2, the reasons for the classification of garbage disposal:
1) economic aspects: the classification of garbage can be recyclable waste into treasure, so that it can be reused as a new resource. For example: we drink the rest of the cans belong to recyclable garbage, a ton of cans melted can be formed into a ton of very good aluminum block, can be less mining 20 tons of aluminum ore.
2) Occupancy: waste classification is conducive to reducing the consumption of land resources. Some substances in domestic garbage are not easy to degrade, so that the land is seriously eroded. Garbage classification, remove the recyclable, not easy to degrade the material, reduce the amount of garbage up to 60% or more.
3) Environmental pollution: garbage littered everywhere will cause insects and flies, sewage overflow, foul smell, some garbage contains heavy metals and other toxic substances, seriously polluting the environment. Reasonable classification of garbage collection can reduce the amount of garbage disposal. For example:
Discarded batteries contain metals such as mercury, cadmium and other toxic substances, which can cause serious harm to humans, so recycling can reduce the harm.
3. How to classify garbage:
1) First of all, it should be clear what is recyclable garbage and what is non-recyclable garbage.
Recyclable garbage mainly consists of five categories: waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and fabric. Waste paper: mainly including newspapers, periodicals, books, all kinds of wrapping paper and so on, but pay attention to paper towels and toilet paper due to the water solubility is too strong not to recycle. Glass: mainly includes various glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos flasks and so on. Metals: mainly cans, can containers, etc. Fabrics: mainly include discarded clothes, tablecloths, washcloths, school bags, shoes, etc. Kitchen waste includes leftovers, bones, vegetable roots and leaves, fruit peels and other food wastes, which are composted by biotechnology in-situ treatment. Recycling through comprehensive treatment can reduce pollution and save resources.
2) Precautions when putting garbage:
① paper should be folded neatly as much as possible before the garbage is put into the garbage classification, to avoid kneading;
② bottles and cans should be used as much as possible to the product in the container after the product is used up, cleaned up and then put in the garbage;
③ food waste should be done in the bag, closed and put in the garbage.
④ Glass items should be placed carefully and gently to avoid breakage.
⑤ After putting in the garbage can, you should pay attention to cover the lid, so as not to pollute the surrounding environment, mosquitoes and flies.
Question 5: What can be done with the garbage after classification The general method of garbage disposal can be summarized as three methods: material use, energy use and landfill disposal.
Material use, also known as material recycling, refers to the reuse, recycling and regeneration of the material properties of garbage through physical conversion, chemical conversion (including chemical modification and thermal conversion such as pyrolysis and gasification) and biological conversion (including microbial conversion, insect conversion and animal conversion, etc.), including traditional recycling of material resources and the conversion of perishable organic garbage into high-quality materials. The following is a summary of the results of the study.
Energy utilization, also known as energy recycling, refers to the conversion of the internal energy of garbage into heat and electricity, including incineration for power generation, heat supply and cogeneration.
Landfill disposal refers to landfill disposal of unwanted garbage that cannot be resourcefully processed (including material utilization and energy utilization).
If we look at the whole life cycle of garbage, garbage disposal should also include source reduction and emission control. Strictly speaking, reduction refers to source reduction, which is to reduce the waste of resources and waste production in the process of production and life by changing the habit of product design, raw material purchasing, consumer purchasing and consuming, and changing the business model, etc.
This is the first time that a waste disposal system is used in the production of garbage. Generally speaking,
waste disposal should adhere to the concept of hierarchical treatment and utilization of source reduction and emission control, then material utilization, then energy utilization and finally landfill disposal, and balanced development of all aspects of waste disposal, giving full play to the role of various waste disposal methods, especially to strengthen the material utilization of classified waste, reduce the amount of waste generated and reduce the amount of waste discharged after each level of treatment.
Question 6: The significance of waste classification and disposal Beneficial to the recycling and utilization of resources, in line with the requirements of the scientific concept of development, the realization of the recycling of resources and sustainable development, and is conducive to the economy, society and the harmony of the environment.
The owner needs to think in this direction
Question 7: How to do a good job of garbage classification First of all, it is necessary to understand the classification of garbage. If you do not know, you will certainly not be able to do it.
To know the correct name of the classification of garbage. For example, many people call recyclables recyclable garbage. Since it is recyclable, it is not garbage right?
With the above, you can start from the unlike category. (Recyclables, hazardous waste, other waste, food waste)
You can put some sort of trash cans in your house, start from home, and when it's full, you can dump it into the neighborhood (or elsewhere) uniform trash cans. If you want to not use money, this article can be abolished.
In fact, to do a good job of garbage classification is to rely on self-consciousness, if not consciously, even if the efforts of a lifetime can not do.
I have some information on garbage classification, please take a look:
1, recyclable garbage mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and fabric five categories. Waste paper: mainly including newspapers, periodicals, books, all kinds of wrapping paper, office paper, advertising paper, cardboard boxes, etc., but pay attention to paper towels and toilet paper due to the water solubility is too strong not to recycle. Plastic: mainly including various plastic bags, plastic packaging, disposable plastic lunch boxes and cutlery, toothbrushes, cups, mineral water bottles, toothpaste skins and so on. Glass: mainly includes various glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos flasks and so on. Metal objects: mainly cans, can boxes, etc. Fabrics: mainly including discarded clothes, tablecloths, washcloths, school bags, shoes, etc. Recyclables can reduce pollution and save resources through comprehensive treatment and recycling. For example, each recycled 1 ton of waste paper can make 850 kilograms of good paper, saving 300 kilograms of wood, than the same amount of production to reduce pollution by 74%; each recycled 1 ton of plastic beverage bottles can be obtained 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; each recycled 1 ton of scrap steel can be 0.9 tons of steel, smelting with ore to save 47% of the cost of reducing air pollution by 75%, reduce 97% of the water pollution and solid waste. 2, food waste, including leftovers, bones, vegetable roots and leaves, peels and other food waste, composted by biotechnology on-site treatment, each ton can produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer. Hazardous waste includes waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste silver thermometers, expired medicines, etc. These wastes need special safety treatment. 4、Other garbage including in addition to the above types of garbage in addition to brick ceramics, slag, bathroom waste paper, paper towels and other difficult to recycle waste, take sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air. Or: 4, other garbage including in addition to the above categories of garbage in addition to masonry ceramics, slag, bathroom waste paper, paper towels and other difficult to recycle waste, to take sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
Most of the garbage disposal methods are still in the traditional way of landfill, occupying tens of thousands of acres of land; and insects and flies fly, sewage overflowing, foul smell, seriously polluting the environment. Therefore, separate garbage collection can reduce the amount of garbage disposal and treatment equipment, lower the cost of treatment, reduce the consumption of land resources, with social, economic and ecological benefits. The advantages of garbage classification are as follows: 1. Reducing land occupation: some substances in domestic garbage are not easy to be degraded, so that the land is seriously eroded. Garbage classification, remove the substances that can be recycled and are not easy to degrade, reduce the amount of garbage by more than 50%. ァ 2, reduce environmental pollution: discarded batteries contain metal mercury, cadmium and other toxic substances, which will cause serious harm to human beings; waste plastics in the soil will lead to crop yield reduction; discarded waste plastics are mistakenly eaten by animals, resulting in animal deaths from time to time. Therefore recycling can reduce the harm. ァ 3, turn waste into treasure: China annually uses plastic fast-food containers up to 4 billion, instant noodle bowls 500-700 million, waste plastics accounted for 4-7% of the domestic garbage. 1 ton of waste plastics can be smelted back to 600 kilograms of diesel fuel. Recycling 1,500 tons of waste paper can avoid cutting down forests used to produce 1,200 tons of paper. One ton of cans can be melted down to form one ton of very good aluminum blocks, which can reduce the mining of 20 tons of aluminum ore. 30%-40% of the production waste can be recycled and should be treasured as a small and profitable resource. We can also use cans to make pencil cases, both environmental protection, but also save resources.
Japan's garbage classification Foreigners who visit Japan for the first time will be impressed by its breathtaking garbage classification. A glimpse of its spot, Japan's garbage classification has the following characteristics. First, the classification of fine, timely recycling. Maximum classification of combustible materials, non-combustible materials, resources, coarse class, harmful class, these categories are subdivided into a number of sub-projects, each sub-project can be divided into Sun project, and so on. Combustible category: simply put, it can be burned - but ...... >>
Question 8: How to do a good job of waste classification? Garbage classification is a necessary way of resource utilization and a prerequisite and guarantee for harmless treatment.
Garbage classification work has been implemented for many years, so far widely popular or: "recyclable" and "non-recyclable", "dry garbage" and "wet garbage". "Wet garbage", "toxic and hazardous waste" points. Because of the little effect, it will be attributed to: the people do not consciously, the Chinese low quality of the argument, in fact, this is a kind of prejudice. The root cause of the problem is: the competent authorities on the purpose of waste classification, principles and methods, these concepts are very vague, ambiguous, lack of interface, ideas, resulting in a lack of operational due.
The purpose of waste classification is: in order to achieve the resourcefulness and harmlessness of treatment. The principle of classification is: the need for subsequent treatment, classification for subsequent treatment. Classification method is: the subsequent processing of the way to determine the classification of categories, different processing methods have different classification requirements. Leaving the above principles to categorize, divided also useless. Here we focus on incineration to put forward the following requirements and views on classification: first of all, in the garbage is not allowed to exist in the production of dioxin, heavy metal elements and mercury in the former carrier class of substances, these substances include: pesticides, pharmaceuticals, insecticides and pest control drugs, weed killers, preservatives and solvents in the category of architectural decorative products, dry batteries, electronic components, fluorescent lamps, mercury thermometers, and some chemical raw materials. These substances were originally in certain forms, and the public is required to put them out separately and collect and transport them separately, and mixing them and collecting them is strictly prohibited. According to the present incineration technology, almost all other household wastes can be mixed, collected and incinerated. Even without the present set of process routes and complex incinerators, it can be predicted that the emission of secondary pollutants will instead be reduced, or even zero emission can be realized. This is the role of waste classification.
Question 9: Why waste separation?
Each of us throws out a lot of garbage every day, do you know where it goes? They are usually sent to landfills and then to landfill.
Landfills are expensive, costing around 200 to 300 RMB to dispose of a ton of garbage. In Beijing alone, there are 12,000 tons of garbage per day, and currently there are more than 700 garbage piles with an area of 36 square meters or more within Beijing's fifth ring road, covering an area of more than 5 million square meters, and increasing at a rate of 3-5% per year. People consume a lot of resources, mass production, mass consumption, and a lot of waste.
The reason for the increase in garbage is the improvement of people's living standards, all consumption has increased. According to statistics, in 1979, the national urban garbage removal is more than 25 million tons, in 1996, the urban garbage removal is 1.16 tons, 4 times as much as in 1979.
How much land does such a large amount of garbage need to be turned into a landfill? The 60-hectare, 2,000-tonne-per-day Asuwei landfill can handle only one-sixth of Beijing's garbage, and it will be filled up by its 11th year. The abandoned landfill is no longer arable land and cannot be built into a living community.
Another method of waste disposal that is widely used in Western countries is incineration. After high-temperature incineration after the garbage will not take up a lot of land, but it is not only amazing investment, and will increase the risk of secondary pollution. Dioxin, which is a highly toxic carcinogen, is one of the main gas components produced after waste incineration.
In addition, whether it is landfilled or incinerated, it is a needless waste of resources. We are constantly turning the limited resources of the earth into garbage, and burying or burning them, so where will our future children and grandchildren survive?
Is there nothing we can do about the garbage? In fact, there is a way, this is the classification of garbage. The first thing you need to do is to separate your garbage at the source, and then turn it back into a resource by sorting it out and recycling it.
The benefits of waste separation are obvious. By sorting garbage and sending it to factories instead of landfills, it saves land, avoids pollution from landfills or incineration, and turns waste into treasure.
Sorting garbage is not new to the frugal Chinese. Maybe you still remember the scene of recycling waste in the 50s and 60s: toothpaste skins were saved for recycling, orange peels were used for pharmaceuticals, biological waste was used for composting, and waste cloth, ink bottles and so on could be reused. The classified garbage not only avoids the pollution of garbage, but also provides raw materials for industry and agriculture.
The United States is known as a major producer of garbage, garbage classification has gradually penetrated into the lives of citizens, walking on the street, a variety of colorful classification of garbage cans can be seen everywhere.
*** For the classification of garbage provides a variety of convenient conditions, in addition to the streets set up on both sides of the classification of garbage cans, each community is regularly assigned a person responsible for the transportation of the classification of garbage out of each household.
The residents of *** also expressed great support for the work of garbage classification. This is not only because they are all familiar with the concept of waste separation, but also because it is as natural to pay for waste separation as it is to pay for clean tap water.
Garbage recycling as an industry has developed rapidly, and in many developed countries, the recycling industry is occupying an increasingly important position in the national industrial structure. In the United States, three cities Baltimore, Washington and Richmond, for example, the past recycling of waste per ton of treatment needs to spend 40 U.S. dollars, after the classification process, these recycling of garbage in 1995 to create 5100 jobs. In the United States, these three cities are only a very small area, its garbage recycling not only saves the cost of garbage disposal, but also create a wealth of 500 million U.S. dollars.
Garbage sorting is not only a fashion in developed countries like the United States, but also a trend in many developing countries. In Brazil, where garbage sorting is practiced in many communities, the mayor has made the sorting bin at the front entrance of the city hall the glory of the city. And at more than two dozen nearby beaches, the bins are a beautiful sight to behold.
In some parts of the Philippines, villagers have organized themselves to clean up their living environment, and sorting garbage is a major part of this movement.
While waste separation is becoming a global trend in both poor and rich countries, it is a good tradition that has been lost in China, once the world's leading country in this area.
Others have learned to pick up from us, but we have learned to throw away from others. Our lives have gotten better, so we no longer skimp on the ...... >>
Question 10: How do you think we should usually do the garbage classification treatment From the domestic and foreign cities on the classification of domestic waste method, roughly according to the composition of the garbage, the amount of waste generated, combined with the local garbage resource utilization and processing methods to classification. For example, in Germany, it is generally divided into paper, glass, metal, plastic, etc.; in Australia, it is generally divided into recyclable garbage, recyclable garbage, non-recyclable garbage; in Japan, it is generally divided into combustible garbage, non-combustible garbage, etc.
Nowadays, China's garbage disposal system is very complicated.
Nowadays, domestic garbage in China can be divided into four categories: recyclable garbage, food waste, hazardous garbage and other garbage. Currently, the commonly used waste treatment methods are mainly comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration and
.
1, recyclable garbage mainly includes waste paper, plastic, glass, metal and cloth five categories. Waste paper: mainly including newspapers, periodicals, books, all kinds of wrapping paper, office paper, advertising paper, cardboard boxes, etc., but pay attention to paper towels and toilet paper due to the water solubility is too strong not to be recycled. Plastic: mainly including various plastic bags, plastic packaging, disposable plastic lunch boxes and cutlery, toothbrushes, cups, mineral water bottles and so on. Glass: mainly includes various glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos flasks, etc. Metal objects: mainly cans, can boxes, toothpaste skins, etc. Fabrics: mainly include discarded clothes, tablecloths, washcloths, school bags, shoes, etc.
Recycling through integrated treatment can reduce pollution and save resources. For example, each recycled 1 ton of waste paper can make good paper 850 kilograms, saving 300 kilograms of wood, than the same amount of production to reduce pollution by 74%; each recycled 1 ton of plastic beverage bottles can be obtained 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials; each recycled 1 ton of scrap iron and steel can be refined 0.9 tons of steel, smelting with ore to save 47% of the cost of smelting to reduce air pollution by 75%, reducing 97% of the water pollution and solid waste.
2, food waste, including leftovers, bones, vegetable roots and leaves and other food waste, biotechnology in situ treatment
, each ton can produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer.
3. Hazardous waste includes waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste silver thermometers, expired medicines, etc., which require special safety treatment.
4, other garbage including in addition to the above categories of waste in addition to brick ceramics, slag, toilet paper and other difficult to recycle waste, take sanitary landfill can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.