A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. In order to achieve the goal of independent action on climate change before 2030, it is necessary to continue to work hard on the basis of the actions already taken, and further strengthen policy measures in terms of institutional mechanisms, production methods, consumption patterns, economic policies, scientific and technological innovation, and international cooperation.
(1) Implementing a national strategy to actively respond to climate change. Strengthen the legal system construction to deal with climate change. Incorporate climate change action targets into national economic and social development plans, and study and formulate long-term low-carbon development strategies and road maps. Implement the national climate change plan (20 14-2020) and provincial special plans. We will improve the work pattern in response to climate change, give play to the guiding role of carbon emission indicators, decompose and implement the objectives and tasks in response to climate change, and improve the responsibility evaluation and assessment system in response to climate change and low-carbon development targets.
(2) Improve the regional strategy to deal with climate change. Implement classified regional policies to deal with climate change, and determine differentiated objectives, tasks and ways to mitigate and adapt to climate change according to different main functional areas. Optimizing the development of urbanized areas should strictly control greenhouse gas emissions; The urbanization areas with key development should strengthen the control of carbon emission intensity, and the old industrial bases and resource-based cities should accelerate the transformation of green and low carbon; The main producing areas of agricultural products should strengthen the control of development intensity, limit the development of large-scale industrialization and urbanization, strengthen the planning and construction of small and medium-sized towns, encourage moderate population concentration, and actively promote the moderate scale and industrialization of agriculture; Key ecological functional areas should draw ecological red lines, formulate strict industrial development catalogues, restrict new high-carbon projects, implement exit mechanisms for industries that do not meet the main functional orientation, and develop low-carbon characteristic industries according to local conditions.
(3) Building a low-carbon energy system. Control the total coal consumption, strengthen the clean utilization of coal, increase the proportion of centralized and efficient power generation, and reduce the average coal consumption of new coal-fired generating units to about 300 grams of standard coal per kWh. Expand the scale of natural gas utilization. By 2020, the proportion of natural gas in primary energy consumption will reach more than 10%, and the output of coalbed methane will reach 30 billion cubic meters. On the premise of ecological environment protection and resettlement, we will actively promote hydropower development, develop nuclear power safely and efficiently, vigorously develop wind power, accelerate the development of solar power generation, and actively develop geothermal energy, biomass energy and ocean energy. By 2020, the installed capacity of wind power will reach 200 million kilowatts, the installed capacity of photovoltaic will reach 654.38+0 billion kilowatts, and the utilization scale of geothermal energy will reach 50 million tons of standard coal. Strengthen the recovery and utilization of vented natural gas and associated gas in oil fields. Vigorously develop distributed energy and strengthen the construction of smart grid.
(4) Forming an energy-saving and low-carbon industrial system. Adhere to the road of new industrialization, vigorously develop circular economy, optimize industrial structure, revise the guidance catalogue of industrial structure adjustment, strictly control the expansion of industries with high energy consumption and high emissions, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, and vigorously develop service industries and strategic emerging industries. By 2020, we will strive to make the added value of strategic emerging industries account for 15% of GDP. Promote the development of low-carbon industries, implement the industrial action plan to address climate change (20 12-2020), formulate carbon emission control targets and action plans for key industries, and study and formulate greenhouse gas emission standards for key industries. Improve energy efficiency through energy conservation, effectively control emissions from key industries such as electricity, steel, nonferrous metals, building materials and chemicals, strengthen carbon emission management of new projects, and actively control greenhouse gas emissions in industrial production processes. Build a circular industrial system and promote the circular transformation of industrial parks. Increase the recycling of renewable resources and improve the output rate of resources. Gradually reduce the production and use of controlled uses of difluoromethane. By 2020, the output will be reduced by 35% on the baseline level (output 20 10), and by 67.5% in 2025. By 2020, the emission of trifluoromethane will be effectively controlled. Promote the low-carbon development of agriculture and strive to achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by 2020; Control the emission of methane and nitrous oxide in rice fields, build a circular agricultural system, and promote the comprehensive utilization of straw, agricultural and forestry waste and livestock manure. Promote the low-carbon development of service industry, actively develop low-carbon commerce, low-carbon tourism and low-carbon catering, and vigorously promote energy conservation and carbon reduction in service industry.
(5) Control emissions in the fields of construction and transportation. Adhere to the new urbanization road, optimize the urban system and urban spatial layout, put the concept of low-carbon development through the whole process of urban planning, construction and management, and advocate the urban form of integration of production and city. Strengthen urban low-carbon construction, improve building energy efficiency and building quality, extend the service life of buildings, intensify energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, and build energy-saving and low-carbon urban infrastructure. Promote the recycling of construction waste and strengthen the collection and utilization of biogas in landfill sites. Accelerate the construction of urban and rural low-carbon communities, promote the application of green buildings and renewable energy buildings, improve community low-carbon living facilities, and explore community low-carbon operation and management models. By 2020, the proportion of green buildings in new urban buildings will reach 50%. Build a green and low-carbon transportation system, optimize transportation modes, rationally allocate urban transportation resources, give priority to the development of public transportation, encourage the development and use of low-carbon and environmentally-friendly vehicles such as new energy vehicles and boats, improve fuel quality, and promote new alternative fuels. By 2020, public transportation in large and medium-sized cities will account for 30% of motorized trips. Promote the construction of urban pedestrian and bicycle transportation systems and advocate green travel. Accelerate the construction of intelligent transportation and promote the development of green freight.
(6) Efforts should be made to increase carbon sinks. Vigorously carry out afforestation and greening, carry out in-depth voluntary tree planting by the whole people, continue to implement key ecological projects such as natural forest protection, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, sandstorm source control in Beijing and Tianjin, shelter forest system construction, comprehensive management of rocky desertification, and soil and water conservation, and strive to strengthen forest tending management and increase forest carbon sinks. Strengthen the prevention and control of forest disasters, strengthen the protection of forest resources, and reduce deforestation emissions. Strengthen the protection and restoration of wetlands and improve the carbon storage function of wetlands. Continue to implement returning grazing to grassland, balance grass and livestock, curb grassland degradation, restore grassland vegetation, strengthen grassland disaster prevention and farmland protection, and improve soil carbon storage.
(7) Advocate a low-carbon lifestyle. Strengthen the national education of low-carbon life and low-carbon consumption, advocate green, low-carbon, healthy and civilized lifestyles and consumption patterns, and promote the formation of low-carbon consumption concepts in the whole society. Give full play to the leading role of public institutions and carry out activities to create energy-saving and low-carbon institutions, campuses, hospitals, venues and military camps. Guide moderate consumption, encourage the use of energy-saving and low-carbon products, and curb all kinds of extravagance and waste. Improve the recycling system of waste commodities and the garbage sorting and processing system.
(8) comprehensively improve the ability to adapt to climate change. Improve the safe operation capacity of infrastructure such as water conservancy, transportation and energy under climate change conditions. Rationally develop and optimize the allocation of water resources, implement the strictest water resources management system, build a water-saving society in an all-round way, and strengthen the development and utilization of non-traditional water sources such as reclaimed water, desalinated seawater, rain and flood. Improve the supporting construction of farmland water conservancy facilities, vigorously develop water-saving irrigation agriculture, and cultivate high-temperature and drought-tolerant crop varieties. Strengthen the construction of marine disaster protection capacity and comprehensive coastal zone management, and improve the ability of coastal areas to resist climate disasters. Follow-up monitoring and assessment of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Strengthen the construction of forestry infrastructure. Reasonable layout of urban functional areas, overall arrangement of infrastructure construction, effectively ensure the safety of urban operation lifeline system. Study and formulate health emergency plans for people affected by climate change, and improve the service level of public health departments to adapt to climate change. Strengthen the comprehensive assessment and risk management of climate change and improve the national climate change monitoring and early warning information release system. Climate change factors should be fully considered in the layout of productive forces, infrastructure, planning, design and construction of major projects. Improve the emergency response mechanism for extreme weather and climate events. Strengthen the construction of emergency management system for disaster prevention and mitigation.
(9) Innovative low-carbon development model. Deepen the pilot projects of low-carbon provinces and cities, carry out low-carbon cities (towns) and low-carbon industrial parks, low-carbon communities, low-carbon businesses and low-carbon transportation, explore different low-carbon development models, and study effective ways to control carbon emissions in different types of regions and cities. Promote the formation of a low-carbon city with reasonable spatial layout, intensive use of resources, high efficiency in low-carbon production, and green and livable. Study and establish a carbon emission certification system and a low-carbon honor system, and select typical products for low-carbon product certification pilot and promotion.
(10) Strengthen scientific and technological support. Improve the basic scientific research level of climate change, carry out research on climate change monitoring and prediction, and strengthen the research on the impact, risk mechanism and evaluation method of climate change. Strengthen the research and development and industrialization demonstration of low-carbon technologies such as energy conservation and consumption reduction, renewable energy and advanced nuclear energy, carbon capture, utilization and storage, and promote the use of carbon dioxide to drive oil and coalbed methane. Research and development of extreme weather forecasting and early warning technology, development of biological nitrogen fixation, green prevention and control of pests and diseases, facility agriculture technology, and strengthening research and development of comprehensive water saving and seawater desalination technology. Improve the scientific and technological support system for climate change, establish an effective combination mechanism between the government and Industry-University-Research, and strengthen the training of climate change professionals.
(eleven) increase financial and policy support. Further increase financial input, actively innovate the use of financial funds, and explore new low-carbon investment and financing mechanisms such as government and social capital cooperation. We will implement preferential tax policies to promote the development of new energy, and improve the mechanisms for solar power generation, wind power, water and electricity prices, Internet access and procurement. Improve the government's green procurement policy system, including low carbon and energy saving. Deepen the reform of prices and taxes of energy resources products. Improve the green credit mechanism, encourage and guide financial institutions to actively carry out energy-saving credit business and issue green credit asset securitization products. Improve the climate change disaster insurance policy.
(twelve) to promote the construction of carbon emission trading market. Give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, steadily promote the construction of the national carbon emission trading system on the basis of the pilot project of carbon emission trading, and gradually establish the carbon emission trading system. Study and establish a carbon emission report verification system, improve the trading rules of carbon emission rights, and maintain the openness, fairness and justice of the carbon emission rights trading market.
(thirteen) improve the statistical accounting system of greenhouse gas emissions. Further strengthen the statistical work of climate change, improve the statistical system of greenhouse gas emissions covering energy activities, industrial production processes, agriculture, land use change and forestry, waste treatment and other fields, improve the statistical index system of climate change, strengthen the training of statisticians, and continuously improve the data quality. Strengthen greenhouse gas emission inventory accounting, regularly compile national and provincial greenhouse gas emission inventories, establish greenhouse gas emission reporting systems for key enterprises, and formulate greenhouse gas emission accounting standards for enterprises in key industries. Actively carry out relevant capacity building and build a national, local and enterprise basic statistics and accounting system for greenhouse gas emissions.
(14) Improve the social participation mechanism. Strengthen the responsibility of low-carbon development of enterprises, and encourage enterprises to explore low-carbon development models that are resource-saving and environment-friendly. Strengthen social supervision and public participation in low-carbon development, and continue to use platforms such as "National Low-carbon Day" to raise the awareness of low-carbon development in the whole society and encourage the public to take conscious actions to deal with climate change. Give play to the role of media supervision and guidance, strengthen education and training, and give full play to the role of schools, communities and non-governmental organizations.
(15) Actively promote international cooperation. As a responsible developing country, China will proceed from the common interests of all mankind, actively carry out international cooperation, promote the formation of a fair and reasonable global climate governance system, and work with the international community to promote global green and low-carbon transformation and development path innovation. Adhere to the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, fairness and respective capabilities, promote developed countries to earnestly fulfill their obligations under the Convention, take the lead in substantially reducing emissions, and provide financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing countries, strive for fair opportunities for sustainable development for developing countries, strive for more financial, technological and capacity-building support, and promote North-South cooperation. At the same time, China will take the initiative to undertake international obligations in line with its national conditions, development stage and actual capacity, take increasingly intensified mitigation and adaptation actions, further strengthen South-South cooperation on climate change, establish a South-South cooperation fund, provide assistance and support to developing countries such as small island developing States, least developed countries and African countries in coping with climate change, and promote mutual learning, mutual help and mutual benefit. We will extensively carry out international dialogues and exchanges on climate change, strengthen policy coordination and pragmatic cooperation in related fields, share useful experiences and practices, promote climate-friendly technologies, and work with all parties to build a beautiful home for mankind.