1. How to write classical Chinese
1. Understand and master the homographs of common notional words in ancient and modern times and in ancient and modern Chinese. Only the meanings of some basic words (such as "Tian", "Di", "Shan" and "Shui") and some proper nouns have not changed, and most of them have changed.
or the meaning is enlarged, or the meaning is narrowed, or the meaning is shifted, or the feeling is different. Some become completely different, such as "soup", "martyr" and "minions" (referring to military officials in ancient times, without derogatory meaning); In most cases, some polysemous words, only one or two of them are the same in ancient and modern times, and other meanings have disappeared in modern Chinese.
for example, "logging" has the meaning of "logging" and "crusade" in ancient times, but it also has the meaning of "meritorious service" and "self-boasting" in ancient times. In addition, some disyllabic words in modern Chinese were all a phrase in ancient times, and their meanings naturally differed greatly.
such as "grandfather" and "description". When reading classical Chinese, if we don't pay attention to the difference between ancient and modern meanings, we will make mistakes if we take the present as the past and look forward to the meaning of the text.
The common words with different meanings in ancient and modern times are listed in the following two categories: monosyllabic and disyllabic, and the ancient meanings or ancient meanings are indicated in brackets. The phrase "modern disyllabic words" in ancient times will not be explained.
Monosyllabic words were (suffered, covered and covered) removed by soldiers (weapons, military affairs) (building steps, appointed official positions) bed (a kind of seat) kept (missed, caressed) by the party (ancient residents' organization, biased) by beans (ancient food containers) (praised) Divide) countries (capitals, cities, fiefs, places) buy (reward for capture) rivers (especially the Yellow River) hate (regret) set (stop) a few (hope) holidays (lend, help, tolerate) rivers (especially the Yangtze River) uncover (hold high) and steal (near, complete) (show modesty) Blame) a little (gradually) less (slightly) body (itself) is (this) suitable for (planting, cultivating) fast (inviting) soup (hot water, boiling water) tears (stealing (muddling along) odor (smell) disgusting (satisfying, full) again (twice) Destroy) cover up (stop) walk (go fast) disyllabic words People (officials) mean (humble position, vulgar knowledge) Dispose (dispose of, arrange) calmly (appropriate language) Smart (good hearing and good eyesight) Large (natural) places (vertical and horizontal of the land) Independent (stand alone or alone, extraordinary) Repeatedly (change the past situation, Correspondence) Relieved (lost will) Very (unexpected situation) romantic (meritorious and literary, lingering) welcoming (welcoming) grateful (moving and struggling) scene (time) story (past events, old cases) horizontal (criss-crossing in all directions without hindrance) traffic (collusion, mutual communication) end (complete, Costume) Economy (governing the country) Auntie (father-in-law and mother-in-law) Concrete (physical) Desperate (isolated from the outside world) Poor (lovely, pity) Martyr (people who are interested in making contributions) Beauty (concubines) Murphy (no ... no) South (being the emperor) is cheap (taking advantage of it) Actually () Relatives inside and outside the family) Autumn (autumn sky) Youth (spring) People (people) Three feet (referring to swords, referring to legal provisions) Shandong (east of Lushan Mountain, east of Taihang Mountain, east of Huashan Mountain) Body (personally implemented) Leader (head and neck) Secretary (official in charge of documents) Although, Even so, the outline (grasping the program) comrades (with the same aspirations and interests) highlight (suddenly appear) grammar (laws or legal provisions) articles (legal provisions, literary colors) are helpless (helpless, boring) no matter (not to mention) no day (not many days) sacrifice (ancient sacrificial livestock) county officials (referring to the emperor, Of the imperial court or government) news (disappearance and growth) luggage (diplomatic envoy) description (shape and appearance) scholar (learner) color (appearance) savage (farmer living in the countryside) has always (with the same principle and theory throughout) thought (once and twice) (regarded as, Make ... be diligent (sincere and earnest) because (therefore) affect (shadow and sound) fish (mutilation and bullying) so (here) the husband (adult man, generally referred to as man) is the father-in-law (the respectful name for the male elder) and the minion (Wu Chen, Political (political) instructions (pointing out to show) intelligence (wisdom and strength) China (referring to the Central Plains) grandfather (grandparents and fathers) or so (attendants) 2. Understanding and mastering the polysemy of common notional words This linguistic phenomenon exists in ancient and modern Chinese, but it is more common and prominent in classical Chinese. Understanding the words and expressions in classical Chinese depends to a great extent on whether the specific meanings of polysemous words can be accurately grasped in the context.
The 341 commonly used notional words in classical Chinese listed by textbook editors are all polysemous words, which should be the focus of learning. Among these 341 notional words, the following 111 notional words have more meanings with higher frequency.
pull, worship, violence, newspaper, quilt, comparison, contempt, poverty, soldier, thinness, strategy, inspection, multiplication, division, subordination, danger, propriety, degree, evil, cutting, visiting, releasing, sealing, covering, negativity, covering, solidity, consideration, reason, view, and so on. Count, apprentice, hope, micro, danger, writing, smell, direction, phase, thanks, faith, action, luck, promise, compassion, benefit, cause, lead, encounter, aid, responsibility, straightforwardness, sincerity, quality, writing, pawn and clan. 3. Identifying and mastering common interchangeable words Identifying and mastering common interchangeable words (including ancient and modern words) is not only related to the accurate reading of classical Chinese, but also related to the correct understanding of words and expressions.
because the meaning expressed in the text of the used interchangeable words is not the meaning of the word itself, but the meaning of the "original word". Only by identifying the identity of his pass-by-pass, and knowing the word he knows, can we make a proper explanation.
most of the interchangeable words are used in this word. 2. how to write classical Chinese
1. to understand and master the homographs of common notional words in ancient and modern times and in ancient and modern Chinese, only the meanings of some basic words (such as "heaven", "earth", "mountain" and "water") and some proper nouns have not changed, and most of them have changed.
or the meaning is enlarged, or the meaning is narrowed, or the meaning is shifted, or the feeling is different. Some become completely different, such as "soup", "martyr" and "minions" (referring to military officials in ancient times, without derogatory meaning); In most cases, some polysemous words, only one or two of them are the same in ancient and modern times, and other meanings have disappeared in modern Chinese.
for example, "logging" has the meaning of "logging" and "crusade" in ancient times, but it also has the meaning of "meritorious service" and "self-boasting" in ancient times. In addition, some disyllabic words in modern Chinese were all a phrase in ancient times, and their meanings naturally differed greatly.
such as "grandfather" and "description". When reading classical Chinese, if we don't pay attention to the difference between ancient and modern meanings, we will make mistakes if we take the present as the past and look forward to the meaning of the text.
The common words with different meanings in ancient and modern times are listed in the following two categories: monosyllabic and disyllabic, and the ancient meanings or ancient meanings are indicated in brackets. The phrase "modern disyllabic words" in ancient times will not be explained.
monosyllabic words are (suffered, covered, covered, and covered) removed by soldiers (weapons, military affairs) (building steps, appointment of official positions) bed (a kind of seat) kept (missed, caressed) by the party (ancient residents' organizations, biased) by beans (ancient food containers) and cut (praised) by achievements. Divide) countries (capitals, cities, fiefs, places) buy (reward for capture) rivers (especially the Yellow River) hate (regret) set (stop) a few (hope) holidays (lend, help, tolerate) rivers (especially the Yangtze River) uncover (hold high) and steal (near, complete) (show modesty) Blame) a little (gradually) less (slightly) body (itself) is (this) suitable for (planting, cultivating) fast (inviting) soup (hot water, boiling water) tears (stealing (muddling along) odor (smell) disgusting (satisfying, full) again (twice) Destroy) cover up (stop) walk (go fast) disyllabic words People (officials) mean (humble position, vulgar knowledge) Dispose (dispose of, arrange) calmly (appropriate language) Smart (good hearing and good eyesight) Large (natural) places (vertical and horizontal of the land) Independent (stand alone or alone, extraordinary) Repeatedly (change the past situation, Correspondence) Relieved (lost will) Very (unexpected situation) romantic (meritorious and literary, lingering) welcoming (welcoming) grateful (moving and struggling) scene (time) story (past events, old cases) horizontal (criss-crossing in all directions without hindrance) traffic (collusion, mutual communication) end (complete, Costume) Economy (governing the country) Auntie (father-in-law and mother-in-law) Concrete (physical) Desperate (isolated from the outside world) Poor (lovely, pity) Martyr (people who are interested in making contributions) Beauty (concubines) Murphy (no ... no) South (being the emperor) is cheap (taking advantage of it) Actually () Relatives inside and outside the family) Autumn (autumn sky) Youth (spring) People (people) Three feet (referring to swords, referring to legal provisions) Shandong (east of Lushan Mountain, east of Taihang Mountain, east of Huashan Mountain) Body (personally implemented) Leader (head and neck) Secretary (official in charge of documents) Although, Even so, the outline (grasping the program) comrades (with the same aspirations and interests) highlight (suddenly appear) grammar (laws or legal provisions) articles (legal provisions, literary colors) are helpless (helpless, boring) no matter (not to mention) no day (not many days) sacrifice (ancient sacrificial livestock) county officials (referring to the emperor, Of the imperial court or government) news (disappearance and growth) luggage (diplomatic envoy) description (shape and appearance) scholar (learner) color (appearance) savage (farmer living in the countryside) has always (with the same principle and theory throughout) thought (once and twice) (regarded as, Make ... be diligent (sincere and earnest) because (therefore) affect (shadow and sound) fish (mutilation and bullying) so (here) the husband (adult man, generally referred to as man) is the father-in-law (the respectful name for the male elder) and the minion (Wu Chen, Political (political) instructions (pointing out to show) intelligence (wisdom and strength) China (referring to the Central Plains) grandfather (grandparents and fathers) or so (attendants) 2. Understanding and mastering the polysemy of common notional words This linguistic phenomenon exists in ancient and modern Chinese, but it is more common and prominent in classical Chinese. Understanding the words and expressions in classical Chinese depends to a great extent on whether the specific meanings of polysemous words can be accurately grasped in the context.
The 341 commonly used notional words in classical Chinese listed by textbook editors are all polysemous words, which should be the focus of learning. Among these 341 notional words, the following 111 notional words have more meanings with higher frequency.
pull, worship, violence, newspaper, quilt, comparison, contempt, poverty, soldier, thinness, strategy, inspection, multiplication, division, subordination, danger, propriety, degree, evil, cutting, visiting, releasing, sealing, covering, negativity, covering, solidity, consideration, reason, view, and so on. Count, apprentice, hope, micro, danger, writing, smell, direction, phase, thanks, faith, action, luck, promise, compassion, benefit, cause, lead, encounter, aid, responsibility, straightforwardness, sincerity, quality, writing, pawn and clan. 3. Identifying and mastering common interchangeable words Identifying and mastering common interchangeable words (including ancient and modern words) is not only related to the accurate reading of classical Chinese, but also related to the correct understanding of words and expressions.
because the meaning expressed in the text of the used interchangeable words is not the meaning of the word itself, but the meaning of the "original word". Only by identifying the identity of his pass-by-pass, and knowing the word he knows, can we make a proper explanation.
most of the interchangeable words are homophones to the original words. 3. How to write a resignation in classical Chinese
Format: 1. Title.
it can be written as "resignation letter", "resignation application" and so on. 2. Title.
3. Reasons and requests for resignation. 4. Words of thanks.
5. Signature and date. Writing: Dear Leader: I hereby resign for XX reasons, please give me your approval! Salute! Resignator: XXX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX, XX,
I've been in the company for three years, and I'm always with you, and everything goes well, and I feel endless, even if I resign now, I dare not forget it; Another example is general manager Li, general manager Zhu and general manager Jia. Although they don't talk much at ordinary times, they don't have many acquaintances, but they are also elderly and compassionate. And the project team, Li and Zhang Er, managers, are not small and ignorant, and they have benefited a lot from giving more advice on technology and life. There is nothing to say here, but thanks.
there are three reasons for resigning today. There is a saying, parents are here, not traveling far, or near, which is one of them; Being stuck in a post for three years, although I am not wise enough to do my best, I am full of fatigue, and I can't get it if I steal it or leave it. This is the second; Three years of hard work, looking around, never less security, achievements or no table, reactive power and suffering, salary stalemate, endless helplessness, is the third.
in addition, the book is not complete, and there is no narrative. Words fail to convey the meaning, and I hope to accept them.
Section X /XXX Example 2: Dear Chairman: Thank you very much for your trust in Yu over the past few years. We have had the opportunity to work in the company so far. Although we don't have much time, I know that I have learned a lot, but I am not very grateful. During my work in the company, I am grateful to you for your support.
Although I study hard, it is difficult for me to adapt to it because of my weak body and uneasy mind. Although the heart is willing but not obedient, every day