(1) domestic pollution
Through the field survey and information search, the lake area has more than 50,000 people, the annual domestic sewage discharge of 913,000 tons, the watershed counties have not been constructed domestic sewage treatment plant in the dam, Huangcao town of the construction of the sewage treatment tank, but the catering industry and the life of the sewage discharged by the treatment of sewage is still discharged directly into the lake. Sewage from township population centers in the watershed are also discharged directly. Analysis of the composition of pollutant discharges in the Dongjiang Lake watershed in this paper shows that COD and ammonia nitrogen discharged from domestic sewage will pose a risk to water pollution in the lake.
In addition to this, Dongjiang Lake Basin *** has a resident population of more than 600,000, laundry and washing dishes and other daily life, according to empirical data, there are about 8709.29 tons of nitrogen, 270 tons of phosphorus discharged into Dongjiang Lake each year, more than or close to the existing capacity. Coupled with the millions of tourists each year consumption of household garbage, household pollution to become the most important source of pollution in Dongjiang Lake.
At the same time, Dongjiang Lake along the lake in the surrounding areas of the townships of the accumulation of domestic garbage is also Dongjiang Lake water source protection of a major hidden danger. In the interview with the township government personnel we have mentioned this problem, the answer is that the local government also attaches importance to this problem, but due to the terrain and financial reasons, has not been able to good solution.
(2) mineral development pollution
Chenzhou is rich in minerals buried under the ground, the upper reaches of the Dongjiang Lake Basin in the mountains in the Dongjiang Lake area is rich in metal mineral resources, rich storage of gold, coal, non-ferrous metal mines, and the veins are long, wide distribution of geographic area, relatively centralized, but also scattered buried in different hills, to the resource management of the mineral resources to bring about difficulties, resulting in the emergence of certain regions Indiscriminate mining phenomenon, destroying the ecological balance of Dongjiang Lake, polluted water quality, especially around the Dongjiang Lake Yizhang Yaogangxian, Zixing Chukou, Rucheng Yanshou River and other areas of small mining emissions of industrial and domestic wastewater on the Dongjiang Lake water pollution caused by a potential crisis.
Dongjiang Lake not far from the town of Yaogangxian tungsten mines are famous, rich in minerals to the local people have brought great wealth, the survey found that the local consumption level is very high, and most of the miners. Through our fieldwork to understand the Dongjiang Lake around the mining on the Dongjiang Lake water quality is very serious damage. Mining not only destroys the vegetation, washing the damage to the water quality is more permanent, minerals with the stream into the Dongjiang Lake deposited to the bottom of the lake, to a certain extent after the chemical pollution will destroy the ecological PingHang DongJiangLake and the recovery takes hundreds of years. More unbelievable is that in our way to Yaogangxian town, everywhere can see the yellow turbid water and smell the pungent odor, through the local people understand that it is precisely the washing of mineral sand water. We specially inspected the sand dam built to protect Dongjiang Lake at the border of Yaogangxian Town and Dongjiang Lake, which was washed away because of the 7.15 flood. Without the sand dam, Dongjiang Lake lost a barrier, and whenever it rained, the gravel on the mountainside would be washed down by floodwaters. There is a mountain, from the mountainside to the Dongjiang Lake are deposited thick gravel, the government personnel said, due to funding and other issues, the government can not afford to rebuild the sand enclosure dam. When we saw the excavator in the dam area, a little doubt about their own ears and what the man said, because after seeing the terrain more feel the importance of the sand dams, but later understood that it is digging sand to repair the road, but the purpose is to make it more convenient to transport the mine. As mining is the main source of livelihood for the people in the mining area, the people in the mining area have less environmental considerations.
(3) Tourism sewage
With the rapid development of tourism in Dongjiang Lake, the increase in visitor sewage, environmental protection of Dongjiang Lake has brought great pressure. For example, in recent years, Dongjiang Lake receives millions of tourists each year, with the increase in the number of tourists, which brought the Huangcao Jinniu Island, along the Xiaodongjiang River, Wuyi International Village and other food service outlets flourish, intensifying the discharge of domestic sewage into the water body. At the same time on the tourist ships are using diesel as a power, the phenomenon of running and dripping is serious, the oil in the water appeared to exceed the standard, the local waters appear motorized boat oil pollution. In addition, tourism consumption of garbage such as plastic bags and other white pollution, because it is not easy to natural degradation has become a major source of pollution, aggravating the burden of Dongjiang Lake. Tourism development has also affected the ecological environment of Dongjiang Lake, many natural landscapes have been destroyed. For example, in order to the popularization of Dongjiang rafting and safety needs, Dongjiang rafting destroyed a lot of natural landscape, while a large number of tourists also brought a lot of solid waste One is to actively seek legislative protection.
In 2002, Zixing City, the provincial people's Congress for the promulgation and implementation of the "Hunan Province Dongjiang Lake Water Environmental Protection Regulations" (referred to as "Regulations"), so that the Dongjiang Lake has become the country's first large-scale reservoir subject to specialized legislative protection. From 2009, and actively strive for the Provincial People's Congress to amend and improve the Regulations.
The second is to improve the supporting planning and system.
In conjunction with the "Regulations", the basin, "three counties and one city" *** with the preparation of the "Dongjiang Lake Basin Water Environment Protection Plan", Zixing City, developed the "Zixing City, ecological construction planning", introduced the "Zixing City, Dongjiang Lake, water quality protection management regulations", "Dongjiang Lake, tourism boat management regulations", "Zixing City, Dongjiang drinking water protection zone pollution prevention and management interim regulations Source Protection Zone Pollution Prevention and Control Management Interim Provisions" and other regulations.
Third, pay close attention to ecological construction.
Zixing, Rucheng, Guidong, Yizhang and other counties and cities to speed up the establishment of Dongjiang Lake natural ecological reserve, expanding the forestry-focused nature reserve area, which has been designated as a forestry reserve today are Guidong Bafangshan Nature Reserve 80 km, Zixing City, Swan Mountain National Forest Park 150 km, public welfare forest protection around the Dongjiang Lake 280 km, accounting for 8.7% of the area of this watershed. Accelerating the project of returning farmland to forests and sealing off mountains for forests, and implementing the return of farmland to forests for sloping farmland and forestable barren mountains and wasteland in the watersheds with slopes of 25 degrees or more. Nowadays, Zixing City District has defined 608.9 square kilometers of national public welfare forests, upgraded 45 square kilometers of public welfare forests, and invested more than 40 million yuan to complete 151,000 acres of artificial afforestation (54,000 acres of returning farmland to forests). It actively constructs Dongjiang Lake National Wetland Park to protect the wetland resources of Dongjiang Lake Reservoir, maintain the ecological function and biodiversity of wetland, and guarantee the sustainable utilization of wetland resources. Nowadays, Zixing City directly and indirectly invests more than 100 million yuan of financial funds every year. For example, more than 8 million yuan is invested annually for the economic compensation and soil and water conservation of the ecological public welfare forest of Dongjiang Lake. The implementation of the state-approved Dongjiang Reservoir immigrants to avoid relocation project, the current avoidance of relocation of the object of the completion rate of constructing houses and occupancy rate of 100% and more than 95%.
Fourth, strengthening environmental monitoring and remediation.
Strengthen the monitoring of outbound cross-section water to ensure that the river water quality standards. Rucheng County to Mantianxing, Wannian Bridge, Sandian River Bridge, civilization Xiu Shui, Lingxiu Power Station, Qi River and other six sections of the Dongjiang Lake water environment protection outbound water quality monitoring points, Guidong strengthened environmental protection monitoring of composting the river and the waters of the Qi River, Yizhang County to strengthen the flow of water through the townships of Yaogangxian, Changcei, Litian and other real-time monitoring, and effectively strengthen the monitoring of the quality of the water in the various areas of the outlet cross-section. Grasping the strict comprehensive regulation of environmental pollution, increase environmental law enforcement. Rucheng County on the impact of the Zishui River, maceration and Xiushui water quality of the Daping, Jingpo, Xiaogaki, Nuanshui, civilization and other mining enterprises to maintain a high-pressure situation, to take extraordinary means, year-round comprehensive remediation of environmental pollution, and severely investigated and dealt with illegal sewage disposal, effectively regulate the scale of the legal enterprises of the sewage discharge behavior of the prohibited illegal mining and beneficiation behavior of the three large-scale centralized remediation. Zixing City has set up a special Dongjiang Lake environmental protection work organization, and annually arranges work expenses of 2 million yuan; closed the coal mines and gold, tungsten, lead and zinc and other non-ferrous metal mines around Dongjiang Lake; invested more than 40 million yuan to build a sewage treatment plant and three centralized countless treatment stations, and annually arranges the operation expenses of more than 2 million yuan; urges the tourist and passenger ships to carry out the updating and upgrading, and reduce the Ship pollution emissions; to strengthen the comprehensive rectification within the scope of the first level of protection area, increased the protection of illegal food and beverage outlets and dumping of waste residue, domestic garbage and other waste into the reservoir area and other acts of rectification.
Dongjiang Lake Water System Water Environment Function List Planning Area Pollution Control Area Water System Control Unit Control Township Name No. Dongjiang Lake Basin Guidong Macro River Macro River Guidong Drinking Water Resource Protection Area LS0101 Huangdong, Sandong and part of Chengguan Town Macro River Guidong Section Pollution Control Area LS0102 Cangkou, Zengkou, Liouyuan, Zhaizian, Xinfang, Datang, Pule, Beixi, Shatian, Dongluo and part of Part of Chengguan Town Kishui Kishui Guidong Section Pollution Control Area LS0201 Sidu, Dashui, Qingshan, Songping Rucheng Kishui Kishui Kishui Rucheng Section Pollution Control Area LS0202 The whole territory of Nandong Macerjiang Macerjiang Rucheng Section Pollution Control Area LS0103 Most parts of Houtou, northern part of Yongfeng, northern part of Makao, and the whole territories of Tianzhuang and Nongshui Towns Zheshui Headwaters Pollution Control Area LS0301 The whole territories of Daping, Jingpo, Sanshing and the whole towns of Sanshing and the whole territories of Dapeng, Jingpo and Sanshing. Daping Township, Jingpo Township, the whole territory of Sanshing Township and part of Annex Township and Chengguan Township Rucheng Grade 2 Drinking Water Source Protection Area LS0302 Part of Chengguan Township Rucheng Grade 1 Drinking Water Source Protection Area LS0303 Part of Chengguan Township Downstream of Zhejiang Water Pollution Control Area LS0304 Southern part of Maqiao, most part of Lingxiu, Waisa, the outskirts of the townships, Xiaogaki, and the whole territory of Yanshou Chu Shui Chu Shui Rucheng Section Pollution Control Area LS0401 Small part of Lingxiu, Yingdong, and the whole territory of Wenming Yizhang Chushui Pollution control area of Yizhang section of Chushui LS0402 Yaogangxian Changce River Pollution control area of Changce River LS0501 Changce and Litian Zixing Dongjiang Lake Secondary drinking water source protection area of Dongjiang Lake LS0601 The whole territory of Huangcaosu, Dongping, Longxi, Chukou, Xingning, Qingwai, Hejiashan, Lianping, and the whole territory of the Swan Hill Forestry, and the whole territory of the Zhoumensi and Dongjiang, Bailang and Qingjiang part of the Dongjiang lake-level drinking water source protection area LS0602 Dongjiang, Bailang and Qingjiang part of the three townships of the small Dongjiang level drinking water source protection area LS0603 Dongjiang part of the town