With the development of the times, logistics parks will play an increasingly important role in modern logistics industry.
Function and significance:
Development of logistics industry
The role of logistics park in the development of logistics industry
China's logistics industry and Qinghai Chaoyang Logistics Park are in a period of vigorous development. The driving force for the development of logistics industry in the whole society is not only the driving force from market logistics demand, but also the driving force from social logistics industry planning. As an important part of the overall planning of social logistics industry, the construction of logistics park has also been mentioned to the strategic height of China's logistics industry development.
However, in recent years, the phenomenon of lack of planning and blind construction of logistics parks in various places is widespread, and even develops into competition for logistics resources, forming internal friction in the development of logistics industry. For the domestic logistics industry, which has just started, it has not played a very good driving role, which is too disappointing. This paper discusses the role of logistics park in the development of logistics industry, with a view to playing a reference role in the rational construction of logistics park.
First, the industrial agglomeration function of logistics park
The original intention of the construction of logistics park is to make the division of functions of the city more clear, to gather the distribution and circulation of materials in a city or region into a more reasonable area, such as the vicinity of intercity traffic trunk roads with convenient transportation and the connection points of various modes of transportation, and to comprehensively analyze the demand for logistics services by urban core manufacturing or service industries.
Building a large-scale base to serve the circulation of social materials has reduced the main factors that originally affected the overall image of the city, that is, traffic chaos and low logistics efficiency caused by unreasonable logistics in the city.
In 1970s, Japan first put forward the idea of building such a logistics park, and built a number of logistics parks with intensive transportation, storage, market, information and management functions around some cities that are the focus of circulation. These parks played an important role in Japan's later economic rise and became the basic service industry for the whole domestic industrial development.
For many small transportation and storage enterprises in China, the problem of regional dispersion and fragmentation of Dalian Bonded Logistics Park is particularly prominent at present. Due to the insufficient utilization of logistics facilities and equipment resources, the untimely and inconsistent information circulation, the logistics cost in China remains high, which affects the sustainability of China's rapid economic development.
The construction of logistics park is to attract logistics enterprises with different characteristics and functional advantages through industrial policies and supporting enterprise services, so as to form a certain gathering in the industry. In logistics park, there is a more detailed division of labor.
According to the experience of Japanese logistics parks: those who engage in warehousing in a park do not engage in transportation; Those who run long distances do not do local distribution, do everything possible to show the professional characteristics of each enterprise, reduce the professional operating costs of this enterprise, improve standardized services and enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises. Realize complementary advantages, reduce equipment waste and cooperative transaction costs caused by their respective arrays, and form collective advantages.
Secondly, for the needs of manufacturing and commercial enterprises to continuously strengthen the cultivation of core competitiveness and outsource non-core business, the logistics demand has become more and more complex, and there are more and more projects, and logistics parks can easily find logistics service providers with different characteristics through this kind of industry gathering.
These logistics service providers have formed a tacit integrated logistics service because of more cooperative relations, which has increased the quality and reliability of services and the trust of customers. The advantage of this industrial chain is one of the attractive functions of logistics park to logistics enterprises.
Thirdly, because the construction of the logistics park itself is related to the government's attention to the logistics industry, the logistics park often provides some preferential policies for logistics enterprises, such as lower land lease fees, rapid handling of various procedures, tax relief and so on. It provides lower development and operation costs for the development of logistics enterprises.
Make the logistics enterprises in the logistics park have more competitive advantages than those outside the park, so as to effectively attract outstanding logistics resources in society, further standardize the operation and competition of the whole logistics market, and effectively allocate logistics resources in society.
For industrial development
Second, the role of logistics parks in promoting industrial development
Logistics Park not only gathers all kinds of logistics service providers, but also provides good development space for logistics enterprises and promotes their own development. This paper aims to sum up these promoting functions as capital promotion, technology promotion, talent promotion and information management level promotion.
1. Financial Promotion
Due to the huge investment in the construction of logistics parks, general enterprises cannot develop independently. However, judging from the construction of logistics parks in various countries, Germany and Japan are all funded by unified government planning, with government investment as the main factor, supplemented by credit loans and enterprise investment.
Therefore, it is generally believed that the logistics park belongs to the logistics infrastructure funded by the government, which greatly reduces the upfront investment cost of the development of logistics enterprises, thus promoting logistics enterprises to invest more funds in the development of core competence and logistics services.
The competitive advantage gained in high-quality service will bring huge profits to logistics service providers, and logistics parks can obtain good return on investment by providing various services for logistics enterprises, forming a benign capital chain cycle and promoting the continuous development of logistics services.
2. Technology promotion
In the logistics park, there are logistics enterprises with different strengths and levels, especially some industry leaders who have settled in the logistics park. They constantly bring the latest logistics equipment and technology application experience to the logistics industry.
The management department of logistics park continuously pays attention to the latest technological development trends of logistics industry, and can also share them with enterprises through various information dissemination platforms, thus promoting the technical exchange and dissemination within the industry.
The Logistics Park has also established manufacturers of various logistics auxiliary facilities, such as introducing national standards, unifying the specifications of pallets, barcodes and electronic labels, integrating standardized technology into the logistics industry, and promoting the technical standardization of the industry.
3. Talent promotion
China, Hangzhou Xiasha Logistics Park, during the construction of the logistics park, it is found that the demand for talents by logistics enterprises has not been taken seriously. In the traditional concept, the cultivation of talents is the responsibility of education and training institutions.
However, in the logistics park that provides integrated services, it is entirely possible to introduce logistics professional training departments and cooperate with social education and training institutions to form a logistics talent training base. It can not only provide talents for enterprises in the park, but also provide more logistics knowledge for the society and promote the process of logistics socialization.
In talent management, park management can also integrate the personnel management functions of enterprises in the park and provide human resource management capabilities for some logistics enterprises, especially small logistics enterprises.
4. Promotion of information management
Comprehensive large-scale logistics park is also the center of command, management and information. Through the centralized information in the park, the function of command and dispatch is realized. Modern logistics enterprises are faced with a supply chain management environment, and it is almost impossible to compete in the market without the support of a good management information system. However, the risk of informatization and huge investment make some small and medium-sized logistics enterprises wait and see.
By introducing mature information systems, logistics parks not only reintroduce these small enterprises, but also integrate their capabilities and management. By integrating the information systems of enterprises in the park, a unified command and management center is formed, which improves the efficiency of the whole park.
Through the application of information technology, small and medium-sized logistics enterprises have gained the advantages brought by information management, and gradually established enterprise systems and cultures with modern management level, thus promoting the informationization of the whole industry management.
Material circulation network
Third, the role of logistics park in establishing a national material circulation network Dalian logistics park shows that local governments are scrambling to regard logistics as a pillar industry and blindly build logistics parks. Because the logistics park itself has regional industrial coverage,
Therefore, repeated construction or vicious competition in some areas still stays in low-level and inefficient park services, and does not play its due role.
From a macro point of view, objectively realizing the construction of social logistics park is very important for establishing the national material circulation network, which requires reasonable and rigorous planning. This paper discusses the strategic role of logistics park in establishing the national logistics network.
Logistics center, logistics base and roads, railways, aviation and waterways running through China constitute the national hardware network of material circulation.
The formation of this logistics network comes from historical economic and trade exchanges. Logistics center is often the distribution center of materials, geographically close to the production or consumption place of materials, and it is a necessary transit station set up because different materials have different production places and sales places.
Due to the development of social logistics industry, the logistics function is separated from production and sales, and the emerging logistics park just acts as the function of further integrating and managing these distribution centers. Therefore, the strategic fulcrum of the national material circulation network in the future will be borne by the logistics parks around the country.
The national material circulation network also needs to be able to allocate all kinds of material information, and the information management function of logistics parks will further play a role. Through the integration of information systems among logistics parks, a virtual China logistics management center will be formed.
From the perspective of the whole society, logistics park is not only an economic unit, but also an entity with national strategic significance, which is the basic pillar to support the development of the whole national economy.
The development of logistics industry in China is to develop and improve the national material circulation network that needs to be rebuilt after China's transition from planned economy to market economy. Therefore, from this perspective, the logistics park also plays a fundamental role in the overall development of the logistics industry.
Features:
1, transportation means collection
The collection of various modes of transport is also called multimodal transport. The first phase of Pinghu Logistics Base is divided into two functional areas, one is called domestic comprehensive logistics park and the other is called international transit logistics park.
The development mode of international transit logistics park is called: developing international transit logistics by sea rail, public rail, sea rail and other multimodal transport modes. The function of this multimodal transport is the integration hub emphasized by Professor Wang Zhitai.
The present situation in China is: the railway has its own hub, large and small freight yards and countless special lines; Highway, inland river, shipping and sea transportation all have their own routes and hubs. What is lacking is the logistics base that integrates these hubs. This integration can save the unnecessary construction investment cost of a single hub and improve the operation efficiency of the whole transportation system.
2. Intensive business model
In addition to the international transit logistics park, the first development zone of Pinghu Logistics Base also has a domestic comprehensive logistics park. The functional orientation of this park is five sentences, which we call five in one: based on market information, product distribution as the main business, supported by modern warehousing, based on multimodal transport and commodity trading.
Therefore, a logistics base is different from a distribution center with a single task and a logistics center with certain professionalism. Is the most basic and important. The functional features are comprehensive and intensive,
This intensification is mainly reflected in the intensification of various working methods, including warehousing, distribution, goods distribution, container loading, packaging, processing, commodity trading and display, etc., and should also be reflected in technology, equipment, scale operation and so on.
3. Coordination of operating systems
The coordination of operation system is mainly reflected in the adjustment of lines and import and export volume. The large-scale logistics base is also a command, management and information center, which has a very powerful command function through the transmission and concentration of information.
4, the choice of urban demand
There are many demands for urban development, from developing vegetable basket projects and chain businesses to alleviating traffic pressure and rationalizing urban functions. From this point of view, the logistics base should be built in the periphery of the central city, and the specific configuration depends on the radiation investment in the polar regions served and the development speed of the central city to ensure the life cycle of the logistics base.
5. Matching of service means
According to the practice of Pinghu Logistics Base for more than three years, we believe that as a logistics base, it should also have the following service functions, including: settlement function, demand forecasting function, logistics system design consultation function, professional education and training function, and distribution function.
In addition, the logistics base should also cooperate with relevant departments (commodity inspection, law, taxation, insurance, banking, railway and civil aviation) to provide supporting services in the following fields:
(a) to assist the warehousing, inspection, customs declaration and tax agency of commodities;
(2) Establish an emergency rescue system for cargo transportation;
(3) using credit technology to help track the goods;
(4) Help traders to handle disputes through arbitration system;
⑤ Give full play to the technical advantages of computer network, and open advanced communication and processing means such as satellite network, Internet and EDI to meet the specific needs of users;
⑥ Provide modern decision support systems and services to help traders conduct market analysis.
Extended data:
Elements of logistics park:
First, the scale of land.
It is clear at home and abroad that logistics park is a big concept, and logistics distribution center is generally a small concept. Therefore, the logistics park is required to have a certain scale. Because the scale will determine the facilities, functions and services that the logistics park can carry.
For example, the first bonded logistics park in Shanghai is about 1 square kilometer, and the first bonded logistics center in Suzhou is about 0.5 square kilometer. These figures are worthy of reference.
Second, logistics facilities.
The logistics park must have relatively complete facilities, including infrastructure (storage and transportation service facilities), public facilities (industrial and commercial, taxation, customs, commodity inspection, banking and insurance service facilities) and related facilities (office, accommodation, catering and other service facilities).
Third, enter enterprises and standards (or rules)
Logistics parks must formulate clear standards for enterprises to enter and leave, and decide the entry and exit of enterprises according to the rules of market competition. There is no standard or it is unscientific to loosen the standard before tightening it.
Fourth, logistics services,
Logistics services include basic services and additional services (or value-added services), including services provided for enterprises and end customers.
In the planning and design of logistics park, we must define the services provided according to the "chain" (demand chain, supply chain, value chain, industrial chain, service chain, etc.) and design the services of logistics park. It is suggested to introduce business model into the planning and design of logistics park.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) operating entity
Logistics should be intensive, land development should be intensive, cities should operate, and so on. If there is no clear operating subject in the logistics park, the return on land and various investments can only be an armchair strategist.
Avoid the situation that there is an operating entity on the surface, but it is actually fragmented or only the management entity has no operating entity. It is difficult to form a real business entity by transferring or leasing land through attracting investment. Managing land and managing logistics park are two different concepts.
Intransitive verb investor
This problem is particularly important for the logistics parks in China. Most logistics parks start from the birthplace. The main situation is that the logistics parks are all invested and controlled by government departments or directly affiliated enterprises in the form of land, and on this basis, an organization with two brands and one team is derived, which will inevitably lead to the separation of government from enterprises.
Many foreign logistics parks started from cultivated land, even if there is government investment, there is no government intervention. With regard to investors, it is necessary to clarify both the investors themselves and the relationship between investors and business entities.
The development of logistics park is an important part of the development of logistics industry in China. At the same time, logistics park is also a very important topic that politics, production, learning and research are facing together. We can't avoid it, but we must answer it.
China Logistics Park has gone through an uneven road for several years, and there is still a long way to go in the future. We must scientifically investigate, study and analyze the success, failure, advantages and disadvantages of the development of logistics parks at home and abroad with a scientific concept of development, and explore the successful road of the development of logistics parks in China.
Baidu encyclopedia-logistics zone