Introduction: The following lists some problems existing in college students' entrepreneurship and related solutions. Welcome to reading and understanding.
I. Overview of the study
1. Research purpose
Understand the entrepreneurial ability of contemporary college students through investigation, and summarize the problems faced by college students in entrepreneurship; Find out the shortcomings in the process of college students' entrepreneurship from two aspects: the school and the students themselves, provide the basis for the school to further strengthen the education of college students' entrepreneurship in the new period, help college students sum up the shortcomings of their entrepreneurial ability, and make suggestions for improving their own ability.
2. Research methods
This survey adopts questionnaire survey. In the early stage of designing the questionnaire, through the collection of various materials and the online inquiry of other related questionnaires, * * * set 13 questions. 870 questionnaires were distributed and 826 questionnaires were recovered, with a questionnaire recovery rate of 95% and 783 valid questionnaires. Under the guidance of the instructor, the questionnaire was further discussed and analyzed, and the ambiguous questions were corrected.
3. Research object
Taking college students as the research object, focusing on the statistical data of students in Qiqihar College, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship ability, and the differences between them, and puts forward some corresponding suggestions and countermeasures.
Secondly, the survey results are sorted out and analyzed.
In data processing, descriptive analysis and one-way ANOVA are used to select appropriate methods for data processing according to different problems, and some problems are found and summarized:
1. In terms of participating in entrepreneurial practice, 8.64% of students have participated in entrepreneurial practice in the form of knowledge lectures, about 30.56% of college students have participated in skills training, only 2.47% have participated in group discussion activities, and only 2.47% have participated in other entrepreneurial practice activities. It can be found that there are not many college students participating in entrepreneurial practice activities, and their enthusiasm for participation is not high.
2. in? Do you know some policy information released by the government about college students' entrepreneurship? In this question, the third option (generally) is to choose the most options, and the average answer of the respondents is? Don't quite understand? And then what? General? Between (table 1). It can be seen that college students' understanding of some entrepreneurial policies is not optimistic, and many students' learning of entrepreneurial policies is in a blank state, which will make college students feel at a loss when they want to start a business after graduation, and they simply don't know where to start. At the same time, we use one-way ANOVA to compare this problem with? Are you interested in starting a business? Comprehensive analysis shows that (Table 2), the P value is much greater than 0.05, indicating that there is no significant influence between them. In other words, whether students want to start a business or not, they know little about the policy. The reason is that college students' access to resources is not fast enough, which leads to their weak entrepreneurial foundation.
3. As can be seen from Table 2, the entrepreneurial enthusiasm of college students is very high, and 66.24% of them are interested in entrepreneurship. It can be seen that college students' employment consciousness has changed, and they no longer blindly pursue employment, but choose to start a business to realize their own value.
4. Is that right? What are the obstacles to your starting a business? What are the two biggest reasons for the answer to this question? Economic situation? And then what? Social practice experience accounts for 5 1% and 27% respectively, which are the main reasons for college students' entrepreneurial resistance (Figure 1). It can be seen that the current college students' entrepreneurship policy is improving, but they can't raise enough funds at school and lack social practical experience, which leads to insufficient personal ability, which has also become the main factor restricting the success of college students' entrepreneurship.
Third, the problems of college students' self-employment
1. Lack of entrepreneurship education
Two problems were found in the survey: First, all the interviewed students are at a medium level, lacking in different aspects and many basic qualities, which shows that contemporary college students are not fully prepared for starting a business. Whether they have certain plans for their future or not, they should learn this knowledge, which is of great help to college students' employment and entrepreneurship; Second, many students may have strong entrepreneurial ability, but they have no confidence in themselves and are not aware of their abilities and specialties. This reflects that college students lack entrepreneurial knowledge, their career planning is blank, they can't find their own advantages, and they don't realize their own abilities, which will lead to the inability to choose the right direction on the road to entrepreneurship. This requires some professional guidance and education for college students. College students are not clear about the concept of entrepreneurship, and they are blank about career planning and confused about the direction of entrepreneurship and employment during their school days. In the process of starting a business, there is no clear understanding of the direction of starting a business and lack of entrepreneurial knowledge. A big reason is that there is no professional training and education in the school, which requires us to explain and educate entrepreneurial knowledge, entrepreneurial skills and career planning systematically, in detail and with high coverage.
2. Difficulties in raising funds
There are millions of graduates in China every year, and many of them have entrepreneurial ideas. However, many project ideas cannot be put into time. Many people think that without investment, they will not be affirmed by investors, which will not only ruin many entrepreneurial projects, but also undermine the entrepreneurial confidence of college students. In fact, many projects are not unrecognized, but lack opportunities to meet investors. The disconnection between entrepreneurial college students and investment enterprises greatly restricts the possibility of starting some entrepreneurial projects.
If college students want to open the door to entrepreneurship, they must first have a reliable source of funds as support, and the process of raising venture capital is very important for every entrepreneur. At present, it seems that the main channels for college students to raise funds are the support of family network and national support policies, but often these channels can not fully meet college students' entrepreneurial plans. Considering the actual situation in China, the capital market in China is not well developed and the credit mechanism is not perfect, so college students can't gain the trust of venture capital enterprises. Although there are some preferential loan policies in China, they are still affected by credit, and the amount is limited, which often cannot meet the needs of college entrepreneurs. At present, many college students are unable to put some excellent business plans into practice because of lack of funds [1]. In the process of starting a business, the involvement of investors is not ideal. Venture capital institutions often invest in enterprises. Before deciding to invest in an enterprise, an investment institution will examine the management team, profitability, social responsibility awareness, high-tech background and other factors in detail. In the process of starting a business, college students should strive for the support of venture capital institutions in terms of capital and value-added services to ensure the success of starting a business. 3. Insufficient understanding of policies
At present, under the influence of China's market environment and college students' education system, although the state has issued a series of preferential policies to encourage college students to start businesses, these policies have not attracted more college students to start businesses, nor have they improved the success rate of college students' entrepreneurship. The reasons are: first, the implementation of local government policies is not perfect, and the service awareness of relevant government departments is not strong, and most local governments still do not take promoting entrepreneurship as their work focus; Secondly, the guidance, support and protection of the government, society and schools failed to run through the three periods of college students' entrepreneurship, failed to actively and effectively guide college students to start their own businesses, and failed to promote college students' learning and understanding of relevant policies [2].
4. Too little practical experience
College students have too little practical experience. In our investigation, we found that only a few students have participated in various levels of entrepreneurial innovation practice projects or activities organized by the school, and college students are not enthusiastic about participating in innovative entrepreneurial practice activities, and they can't learn practical experience at school, which leads to college students entering the society like a blank sheet of paper after graduation. Regardless of employment or entrepreneurship, they are greatly inexperienced and have social skills? Vulnerable groups? . Entrepreneurs need to have rich management knowledge and experience in order to adapt to the ever-changing entrepreneurial competition, and the acquisition of these experiences requires years of study and accumulation. Nowadays, college students lack enough opportunities and time to practice in person on campus, and the campus environment and social environment are very different, which is a great challenge for entrepreneurs who have just left school.
The lack of practical experience is mainly due to the lack of a stable environment for college students to gain entrepreneurial experience. Is the influential group led by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League? Challenge Cup National Undergraduate Entrepreneurship Competition? College students' entrepreneurship has gradually spread to universities all over the country. However, it is found in the survey that students' participation in this activity is less than 50%, and many students don't even know about this activity, so students' active participation is not high. Many parents still expect their students to study hard in college, but ignore the importance of ability training.
Fourth, countermeasures and suggestions.
1. Improve entrepreneurship education
Colleges and universities should incorporate entrepreneurship and innovation education into professional education and cultural quality education as a course, strengthen the integration of entrepreneurship education and professional education, and provide teaching support for students to form entrepreneurial knowledge structure. When giving career guidance to students, it is necessary to evaluate their entrepreneurial ability and help students who want to start a business find their entrepreneurial direction. All this does not necessarily depend entirely on teachers, but can be done through some campus groups.
2. Find funds for entrepreneurial students
Schools can set up a service organization to find funds for students with entrepreneurial ideas, manage business plans in a unified way, recommend excellent ideas to entrepreneurs with investment intentions, and let projects actively seek funds instead of passively waiting for investment, which can greatly increase the realization of college students' entrepreneurial ideas. In this process, we can find enterprises with similar nature to the business plan, so that we can realize cooperation and guidance between the same industry, business projects can progress more smoothly, students will get professional guidance in this process, and students who start businesses can get exercise.
3. Popularize entrepreneurial knowledge
The government and universities should unite to provide regular training for students in school, popularize entrepreneurship policies to students in school, and let students know about national and local policies. You can invite successful entrepreneurs to hold lectures, explain the difficulties and solutions in the process of starting a business for students, and share entrepreneurial experience; Explain the problems that should be paid attention to in some fields and professional entrepreneurship, and organize students with entrepreneurial intentions to learn successful experiences; It is necessary to popularize management knowledge to students, so that every entrepreneur can manage his own company scientifically and reasonably when starting a business. According to the successful experience of entrepreneurship education at home and abroad, colleges and universities can invite professionals from government departments, industrial and commercial departments, personnel departments, foreign trade management departments, well-known enterprises, and professors of economic management on campus to form it? Entrepreneurship guidance lecturer group? Set up a database system for entrepreneurial tutors, participate in teaching some entrepreneurial courses in colleges and universities, and guide and teach various entrepreneurial practice activities [3].
4. Increase students' entrepreneurial practice opportunities.
Schools can set up community organizations, build a platform for students to communicate with enterprises, let students' business plans be understood by enterprises, and provide excellent solutions for enterprises with investment intentions. This not only realizes the connection between entrepreneurial students and enterprises, but also solves the problem that entrepreneurial students can't find funds and investors don't know where to invest, which makes some entrepreneurial ideas of college students come true during their school days, and also enables investment enterprises to guide entrepreneurial students and make their entrepreneurship smoother.
Generally speaking, college students still face many problems in starting a business. Now there are more and more preferential policies for entrepreneurship, and the entrepreneurial environment is improving. Entrepreneurship is a very good choice for college students. But if you want to start a business more smoothly, both internal and external factors should be strengthened. College students themselves must enrich themselves in college, increase their experience, exercise their abilities and strive to become better; In terms of environment, universities and governments should also think more about the cultivation of entrepreneurial ability, provide a better environment for entrepreneurial education, build a platform for entrepreneurial students to communicate and cooperate with enterprises, and better instill funds and policies into every student.
There are five common problems in college students' entrepreneurship: 1, and sloppy project selection.
The first problem encountered in starting a business is the choice of projects. Many people habitually start from their personal preferences, and often subjectively think that consumers of their favorite project products must also like them, lacking accurate investigation and rational analysis of the early market. In addition, they are too optimistic about the development prospect of the project, overestimate the sales volume and profit rate, and underestimate their own business ability, follow-up capital investment, investment risk and other factors.
2. Cost accounting is not in place.
Due to the lack of experience in starting a business for the first time, many new bosses tend to oversimplify cost accounting. Which one is right? Cost? The understanding of this concept is biased, and the cost is considered to be the rent of the company, the salary of employees and the procurement cost of products; Second, many hidden costs may not be counted, such as depreciation and maintenance of fixed assets such as computers, time and energy consumed as leaders, etc. , leading to the actual profit situation is too different from the expected, the input and output in the promotion plan is unreasonable and other negative problems.
3. Unreasonable funding arrangements
The existing allocation of funds is not reasonable enough, and there is a lack of overall use planning of funds. When using funds, the integrity is basically ignored, whether there is any situation beyond the safe proportion, the supply chain of follow-up funds is not fully considered, and career development lacks the follow-up support of funds. Due to the allocation of funds, many new bosses are often severely constrained by funds, and the operation of funds is stretched, and they soon get into trouble.
4. Lack of emergency treatment.
Open the door to do business, you should be able to deal with people from all walks of life, even if you can't please both sides, at least take care of them. It's not like working in a company, where all departments are responsible for handling accidents. Even if the adverse consequences are borne by the company, the employees themselves can't bear much suffering. Moreover, everything you buy and sell is your own, and once an accident happens, it may lead to the suspension and closure of business. Many new bosses have not changed their roles, and they are usually helpless, which often leads to the expansion of the situation because of their slow response.
5. Simple management mode
Management mode is not only internal operation management, but also involves customer management, employee management and motivation. Because of lack of experience, many new bosses often start from their usual thinking and do things according to their own temperament, so it is not surprising that internal employees often tear down the platform and customers defect.
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