First, the construction of "integration of the two defenses" is a new requirement for civil air defense work with economic and social development.
The development history of human society, especially the economic development of some developed countries, proves that the higher the degree of social modernization, the higher the people's material and cultural living standards, and the security services provided by the government for the society will be continuously improved and improved. It is an important duty of the government to pay close attention to the safety of social production and people's lives and constantly improve social operation and people's quality of life. With the acceleration of China's socialist modernization, the improvement of people's material and cultural living standards and the enrichment of social material wealth, all kinds of hidden dangers of disasters and accidents are gradually increasing. The people's production and living safety and living environment have become an important issue that cannot be ignored in implementing the strategy of sustainable economic and social development. China is one of the countries with the worst disasters in the world. Relevant data show that since the founding of the People's Republic of China 50 years ago, tens of thousands of people have died every year due to various disasters, resulting in economic losses accounting for about 3-6% of the gross national product, far higher than the ratio of 0.3-0.5% in developed countries. Not to mention natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods, disasters and accidents in production and life also occur frequently, and even show an upward trend in some fields. For example, according to statistics, from 1969 to 198 1, a total of 102 cases were registered in China, and it has increased to 36 17 cases, which not only increased rapidly, but also caused personnel. Only two explosions in Huangdao oil depot and Shenzhen Qingshuihe chemical warehouse killed more than 20 people, injured more than 0/00 people, evacuated and transferred more than 0/30,000 people, resulting in economic losses of more than 300 million yuan. These disasters not only caused serious threats and losses to urban construction and people's lives and property, but also affected and restricted China's economic development. In the economic and social development, it has become an urgent task for governments at all levels to comprehensively strengthen the construction of social security mechanism, ensure the safety of people's production, life and property, organize the people to effectively protect and rescue natural disasters and various unexpected accidents, prevent and reduce disaster losses, and maintain social stability.
At present, the organizational system and operational mechanism of disaster prevention, rescue and relief in China are still relatively loose, and a unified social rescue organizational system and a free and efficient operational mechanism have not been established as a whole. Various disaster relief forces are scattered in different industries and belong to different departments. Although this organizational system has strong professional characteristics, it also has serious defects such as lack of comprehensiveness, integrated management, relatively closed self-contained system, and inconvenience in coordinating disaster relief preparations and coordinating the use of various disaster relief forces. Especially now, there are more and more "compound" disasters, and this kind of rescue work system is even more incompatible with the actual needs, which directly affects the protection and rescue effect, and it is difficult to make disaster prevention and relief work on an institutionalized and standardized track. The planning of disaster prevention, the sudden occurrence of disasters and accidents, and the comprehensiveness of emergency rescue and relief actions urgently require the establishment of an organization that comprehensively manages, carries out disaster risk assessment, studies and formulates disaster prevention and relief plans, and unites, directs and coordinates the use of various disaster prevention and relief forces, so as to effectively organize and dispatch relevant departments and units to formulate disaster prevention and relief plans, and take coordinated actions as needed when disasters and accidents occur, so as to form a joint force of disaster prevention and rescue and relief, and prevent and reduce losses caused by disasters and accidents. As far as the current government organization and its division of responsibilities are concerned, the civil air defense department has incomparable advantages and conditions to undertake disaster prevention and relief functions. First, the leadership system of the civil air defense department and the established operation mechanism of close cooperation between the military and the ground are convenient for coordinating the military and the ground forces to participate in the emergency rescue of major disasters and accidents; Second, the civil air defense department has established a relatively complete organization and command system and communication and alarm system, which has convenient conditions for the implementation of emergency rescue and disaster relief command and dispatch and fast and effective means of disaster reporting; Third, the civil air defense department has a professional team familiar with the contents, methods and procedures of organization and command. Because the characteristics of organizing and implementing civil air defense disaster prevention and rescue operations are similar and the methods are universal, civil air defense department cadres are fully capable of undertaking a set of disaster prevention and rescue tasks from disaster accident risk assessment, disaster prevention and relief plan preparation to organization and implementation of disaster prevention and relief operations; Fourth, the civil air defense department has established and trained a professional team of civil air defense, including seven kinds of professional technical forces, which can basically meet the needs of carrying out various rescue tasks. The consistency of the general requirements and objectives of organizing civil air defense in wartime and disaster prevention and rescue in peacetime, the similarity of the consequences of enemy air strikes and disasters and accidents, and the similarity of the organization and command methods, procedures and the use of power to eliminate the consequences of air strikes and disasters show that it is not only the urgent need of economic and social development, but also the best choice for the civil air defense department to undertake the rational allocation of government functions of comprehensive disaster prevention and relief management.
Second, the "integration of the two defenses" is the only way to promote the development of civil air defense in peacetime and wartime to a higher level, and to promote the transformation of civil air defense into civil air defense. It is also an important measure to strengthen civil air defense construction.
In the process of combining civil air defense with peacetime and wartime, the development and utilization of civil air defense projects and other facilities have promoted the historical leap of civil air defense construction from closed to open and from consumption to value-added development, which is an important achievement of civil air defense work serving economic construction. The "integration of the two defenses" will effectively promote the civil defense work to serve and ensure economic and social development in a wider field, more specifically embody its purpose of "protecting people's lives and property and ensuring the smooth progress of socialist modernization", accelerate the pace of China's civil defense integration with international civil defense, and conform to the laws of market economy and international civil defense development for optimal allocation of resources; It is not only the need to safeguard the fundamental interests of the country and the people, but also the source of new vitality and vitality in civil air defense construction.
Internationally, foreign "civil defense" was first put forward with the concept of "air defense". With the change of war form and the objective need of economic and social development, the concept of "civil defense" has been expanding, including not only air raid prevention, but also protecting residents from all kinds of injuries in wartime, and then extending to protecting residents' lives and property in peacetime. At present, internationally, civil defense has developed into an important national defense policy to protect the country and people in wartime and peacetime, and its responsibilities have expanded from protecting civilian lives and property from threats and damage caused by wars and disasters to various humanitarian relief; From preserving the national war potential to emergency rescue and disaster relief in peacetime, and even protecting the ecological environment and human civilization sites. It can be seen that "civil defense" in the world is already an all-round, multi-level and comprehensive concept, and its function has covered many aspects of economic and social life in wartime and peacetime. Research and implementation are the two most basic issues related to national security interests and long-term interests, and are the high-level combination of peacetime and wartime in system and mechanism. China joined the International Civil Defence Organization in 1992, and it is also a large developing country with a population of1300 million. Facing the gap with international civil defense, we should deeply study the development law of international civil defense and learn from its advanced experience and practices. Through the implementation of "two defenses in one", we will promote the development of civil air defense in peacetime and wartime, extend the function of civil air defense disaster relief in wartime to disaster prevention and relief in peacetime, and combine the two at the institutional level, which is reflected in the mechanism and blueprint of national economic and social development, so that civil air defense construction can not only build a "shield" for air and space protection, but also tie a "safety belt" for economic and social development.
As far as the development of civil air defense itself is concerned, air raid, anti-air raid and anti-air raid have become the main forms of modern high-tech war. The contest between "spear" and "shield" is unprecedented and sharp. The construction level of civil air defense and the ability to resist the enemy are directly related to the victory or defeat of the war and the safety of life and property of the country and people. At the same time, in the modern high-tech war, the concealment and suddenness of enemy air strikes are enhanced, the target destruction is concentrated and the damage degree is serious, and the task of eliminating the consequences of air strikes is arduous. Therefore, it is also necessary to improve the ability to deal with all kinds of unexpected accidents through the usual disaster prevention and relief operations, continuously enhance the combat effectiveness of the people's air defense team, and lay a solid foundation for winning the air defense struggle. At present, although the civil air defense system has established a relatively perfect engineering system such as organization and command, population evacuation, communication and alarm, and shelter, and established a professional team of civil air defense, its actual combat capability has not been tested, especially the organization and command system and professional team of civil air defense. Due to the lack of similar actual combat training, it is not clear whether it can effectively play its role in wartime and ensure "winning". It is urgent to vigorously promote the "integration of the two defenses" by participating in emergency rescue and disaster relief in peacetime. It can be seen that strengthening the integration of the two defenses is not only the need of economic and social development, but also a major event related to the quality of civil air defense construction and the survival and development of civil air defense.
Three, the provincial civil air defense departments should pay special attention to several aspects in the "two defense integration" work.
In recent years, some provinces and cities have carried out effective exploration and practice on how to do a good job in the integration of the two defenses and accumulated some experience. 1999 our province has carried out pilot projects for emergency rescue of chemical accidents in five cities, including Shijiazhuang, according to the idea of "focusing on undertaking emergency rescue of chemical accidents, taking into account other rescues closely related to civil air defense, organizing and coordinating relevant social forces, eliminating the consequences of accidents (disasters) and promoting the integration of civil air defense and emergency rescue". After gaining initial experience, it has been regarded as an important task of civil air defense reform since 2000. At present, Cangzhou City has set up a chemical accident emergency rescue command center in the Civil Defense Office, and the Hanshan District Civil Defense Office of Handan City has undertaken the functions of flood control and flood relief. Other cities are also actively studying the measures and methods to carry out the work of "integrating the two defenses" in light of the actual situation. Since the pilot, five cities have received police calls for more than 30 times, taking the first step of implementing the "integration of two prevention". However, from the perspective of our province and even the whole country, the work of "integration of the two defenses" is still in the initial stage of exploration, especially in provinces and autonomous regions, where the situation in cities under their jurisdiction is quite different, the focus of prevention and rescue is not the same, and the leaders' understanding of this work is not the same. How to carry out this work and stick to it, there are still many problems to be solved. We believe that the provincial civil air defense departments should focus on the following aspects to promote the integration of the two defenses, so that they can embark on the track of institutionalization and standardization.
The first is policy promotion. Carrying out the "integration of the two defenses" is a work with wide coverage and strong policy, and it is a new thing that combines civil air defense with peacetime and wartime and economic and social development. It needs to implement clear policy measures in a province. In this work, the main tasks of the provincial civil air defense office are macro-guidance, overall planning, and the introduction of policies to promote the implementation of government actions in cities. It is necessary to regard the "integration of the two defenses" as a major issue in civil air defense reform and better service for economic and social development, conduct in-depth research, make careful planning, actively communicate and coordinate with relevant provincial departments, municipal governments and military organs, and clarify the interests; Actively be a good staff member for the provincial government and the military region, stand at the height of implementing the requirements of "Theory of Three Represents", focus on the province's sustainable economic and social development and deepen the reform of civil air defense work, vigorously improve the level of civil air defense construction and the service support ability of combining peacetime and wartime, and put forward opinions and suggestions on implementing the "two defenses in one". In the name of the provincial government, the military region or the provincial national defense mobilization Committee, policies and measures to carry out the "integration of the two defenses" were introduced to ensure its high starting point and high progress.
The second is to formulate norms. Focusing on "two adaptations", two needs in peacetime and wartime, and disaster prevention and rescue tasks, this paper puts forward clear requirements for the leadership system, operating mechanism and institutional setup of "two defenses integration", the definition of protection responsibilities and task division between civil air defense departments and other relevant departments, and the establishment of social rescue networks. Clarify the standards of accident and disaster risk assessment, formulate disaster prevention and relief plans and various security plans in different categories, improve the means of command and communication, standardize the entire professional team and equipment, urge cities to do a good job of implementation, and ensure that the work of "integration of the two defenses" develops along the standardized track.
The third is to strengthen protection. Sound laws and regulations are the ultimate guarantee for the implementation of "two defenses in one". In order to ensure the vitality of the integration of the two defenses, the provincial civil air defense department should take the establishment and improvement of the laws and regulations on the integration of the two defenses as an important task in the process of organizing and guiding. Earnestly study the experience of foreign civil defense legal system construction, deeply summarize the experience of "two defenses in one" in this province and the whole country, make full use of the functions of the provincial people's congress and the provincial government to formulate local laws and regulations and issue government decrees, focus on thoroughly implementing the Civil Air Defense Law and the implementation measures of this province, and focus on the transformation from civil defense to civil defense according to the needs of "two defenses in one", and study and formulate policies and regulations and improve supporting facilities.
The fourth is classified guidance. Because the situation of each city is different, we should pay great attention to studying the characteristics of each city while popularizing it, and guide each city according to the different needs of economic and social development, instead of using a model or a standard. Only by finding the breakthrough point and combination point of implementing the "two defenses in one" can we give full play to its service and guarantee function and get wide recognition and strong support from the society, thus laying a solid foundation for realizing the transformation from civil defense to civil defense through implementing the "two defenses in one".