Nominally different. The former includes the latter.
What does municipal engineering include?
Municipal works include: 1, railway, including its stations, lines, bridges and culverts, etc. 2, roads, including highways, urban roads and their bridges and culverts, crossings, parking lots and other ancillary facilities. 3. Municipal pipelines, including water supply pipelines, drainage pipelines (ditches), power lines (including power cables and overhead lines), telecommunication lines (including communication cables and optical cables, radio and television lines), gas pipelines, heating pipelines, oil pipelines and their ancillary facilities. 4. Airport related facilities. 5. Rivers, docks and ancillary facilities. 6 flood control and drainage projects, water conservancy projects and underground water intake projects. 7, civil air defense and other underground space projects. 8. Radio tower.
What are the infrastructure projects?
Classification of urban infrastructure: At present, urban infrastructure is generally divided into five categories:
1: energy facilities; Urban energy is mainly electricity, gas and heat.
2: Water facilities; Including water supply and drainage and wastewater treatment facilities.
3. Transportation facilities; Including roads and vehicles.
4. Communication facilities; Include optical cable, digital communication, satellite communication, etc.
5: Environmental facilities; Facilities for purifying and protecting the urban environment
Urban infrastructure is a huge carrier of people flow, logistics, vehicle flow and information flow generated in urban political, economic and cultural activities. Today, with the increasing attention paid to environmental protection, urban infrastructure has become an important basic condition for urban survival and sustainable development.
What is municipal infrastructure? What is municipal infrastructure?
Urban municipal infrastructure is an important guarantee for building urban material civilization and spiritual civilization. Urban municipal infrastructure is the foundation of urban development and the key facility to ensure the sustainable development of the city. It is mainly composed of engineering systems such as transportation, water supply, drainage, gas, sanitation, power supply, communication and disaster prevention.
However, there are different views on specific projects, and several views are extracted.
One,
What are the municipal facilities mentioned in the Interim Provisions of Jiangmen Municipality on the Administration of Municipal Facilities?
(1) Urban roads and their facilities: urban motor vehicles enter non-motor vehicle lanes, sidewalks, public parking lots, squares, pipeline corridors and safe passages, shoulders, guardrails, isolation belts, road signs, information desks on both sides of roads, land for road greening and other road ancillary facilities.
(2) Urban bridges and culverts and their facilities: urban bridges, tunnels, culverts, overpasses, footbridges and other ancillary facilities of bridges and culverts.
(3) Urban drainage facilities: urban rainwater pipelines, sewage pipelines, rainwater and sewage confluence pipelines, drainage ditches, drainage pump houses, urban sewage treatment plants and other ancillary facilities.
(4) Urban road lighting facilities: urban roads, bridges, squares, public green spaces and other lighting facilities.
(5) Urban garbage disposal facilities: urban garbage landfill.
(6) Other municipal facilities of the city.
Second,
Regulations of Xining Municipality on the Administration of Municipal Facilities
The municipal facilities mentioned in these Regulations include:
Urban roads: carriageways, sidewalks, public parking lots, signs, signboards and their ancillary facilities;
(2) Urban bridges and culverts: bridges, culverts, overpass bridges, pedestrian bridges across the street, underground passages and their ancillary facilities;
(3) Urban drainage and flood control facilities: rainwater pipes, sewage pipes, rainwater and sewage confluence pipes, sewage treatment facilities, open channels, culverts, pumping stations, grit chambers, inspection wells, urban flood control dikes, river dikes, flood control walls, drainage pumping stations, spillways and their ancillary facilities;
(4) Lighting facilities for urban roads: lighting and ancillary facilities for urban roads, bridges, footbridges, underpasses, parks and public green spaces where tickets are not sold.
The "underground passage" mentioned in Items (2) and (4) of the preceding paragraph of this article does not include civil air defense projects that also serve as underground passages.
The management of urban public infrastructure such as water supply, power supply, postal services, telecommunications, radio and television, fire protection, etc. shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.
Third,
Measures of the Ministry of Construction for the Administration of Bidding for Housing Construction and Municipal Infrastructure Projects [No.89]:
The term "municipal infrastructure projects" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the civil works, pipelines and equipment installation works of urban roads, public transportation, water supply, drainage, gas, heat, gardens, sanitation, sewage treatment, garbage disposal, flood control, underground public facilities and their ancillary facilities.
Fourth,
The municipal facilities of a city include rainwater pipe network system, sewage pipe network system and municipal road engineering; Public facilities include water supply system engineering, power system engineering, gas system engineering, communication system engineering and television broadcasting engineering; Public buildings include administrative buildings, educational and cultural buildings and sanitary and civil buildings; Environmental construction includes greening environmental construction and garbage collection and treatment.
Five,
Tender for bill of quantities of housing construction and municipal infrastructure in Sichuan Province
Trial measures for quotation evaluation:
The term "municipal infrastructure projects" as mentioned in these Measures refers to urban roads, bridges, water supply, drainage, gas, heat, landscaping, street lamps, sewage treatment, garbage disposal, flood control, underground public facilities and ancillary civil works, pipelines and equipment installation projects.
What are the municipal public facilities?
Municipal public facilities include:
(1) Urban roads and their facilities: urban motor vehicle lanes, non-motor vehicle lanes, sidewalks, public parking lots, squares, pipeline corridors and safe passages, shoulders, guardrails, road signs, land for road construction and road greening control, and other road ancillary facilities.
(2) Urban bridges and culverts and their facilities: urban bridges, tunnels, culverts, overpasses, footbridges, underground passages and other ancillary facilities.
(3) Urban drainage facilities: urban rainwater pipelines, sewage pipelines, rainwater and sewage confluence pipelines, drainage ditches, pumping stations, sewage treatment plants and other ancillary facilities.
(4) Urban flood control facilities: urban flood control dikes, sluice gates, flood control walls, drainage pumping stations, spillways and other ancillary facilities.
(5) Lighting facilities for urban roads: lighting facilities for urban roads, bridges, underpasses, squares, public green spaces and scenic spots.
(6) Public facilities for urban construction: urban water supply, gas supply (gas, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas), central heating pipe network, urban public transport power supply lines and other ancillary facilities.
What projects does the municipal engineering include?
Municipal engineering refers to the construction of municipal facilities. In China, municipal facilities refer to all kinds of buildings, structures and equipment set up within the planning and construction scope of urban areas and towns (townships) to provide paid or unpaid public goods and services to residents based on their responsibilities and obligations. All kinds of public infrastructure supporting urban life belong to the category of municipal engineering, such as common urban roads, bridges, subways, etc., such as various pipelines closely related to life: rainwater, sewage, water supply, reclaimed water, electricity (outside the red line), telecommunications, heat, gas, etc. And the construction of squares and urban greening. , all belong to the category of municipal engineering.
Municipal refers to urban public utilities such as urban roads, bridges, water supply and drainage, sewage treatment, urban flood control, gardens, road greening, street lamps and environmental sanitation;
1, road traffic engineering. Such as roads, interchanges, squares, transportation facilities, railways, subways, etc.
2. River and lake water system engineering. Such as rivers, bridges, diversion (drainage) canals, irrigation and drainage pumping station, sluice bridges and other hydraulic structures.
3. Underground pipeline engineering. General water supply, drainage (including rainwater and sewage), power supply, communication, gas supply, heating, special underground pipelines, civil air defense passages, etc.
4. Overhead pole line project. Power supply poles, communication poles, trackless poles and overhead pipelines with different voltage levels.
5. Street greening project. Street trees, shrubs, lawns, green sketches (such as rockeries, verandahs, easels, pools, fountains, etc.). ), buildings and structures are the main components of municipal professional engineering fields (factories), stations and points.
What does the transportation infrastructure include?
Traffic infrastructure is generally divided into ordinary highway traffic facilities, highway traffic facilities, municipal road traffic facilities,
Rail transit facilities, parking facilities, etc. Traffic infrastructure includes roads, tracks, tunnels, elevated roads, stations, ventilation booths, electromechanical equipment, power supply systems, communication signals, road markings and other facilities built to ensure the safe and normal operation of the traffic system.
What projects does the municipal infrastructure project include?
Nominally different. The former includes the latter.
What projects does the municipal infrastructure project of housing construction include?
Engineering survey, engineering mechanics, theoretical mechanics, structural mechanics, masonry structure, concrete structure, steel structure, water supply and drainage, road engineering, bridge engineering, foundation and soil mechanics.
What are the types of urban infrastructure?
Compared with traditional cars, installing charging piles is an essential part of new energy electric vehicles. Charging facilities for electric vehicles are mainly divided into three categories, including public * * * dedicated, private use and social public charging piles. The construction of personal charging piles has encountered many difficulties in private use. At present, manufacturers generally install for consumers free of charge, but this requires the cooperation of power departments and property companies. Jin Xiong, who lives in You 'anmen, Beijing, recently drove a 20 13 Roewe E50. However, homes and companies are far from public charging piles, and 4S stores are in Zhongguancun. Where to charge the car has become a problem he faces every day. After the State Grid released the control of "personal self-built charging piles" and Beijing announced the construction process of self-use charging facilities, Jin Xiong seemed to see the hope of solving the problem. However, when he took the materials such as the confirmation of the car purchase fee conditions and the fixed parking space property certificate issued by the 4S shop to stamp the residential property, he ran into a wall. "The basic power supply of residents in old communities is sometimes insufficient, and the pressure of building charging piles is indeed a bit great." The person in charge of the property in the community where Jin Xiong is located said. The person in charge also said that even after a period of expansion, with the approach of the peak of electricity consumption, it is most important to ensure the basic electricity consumption of nearly 800 households in the community first. During the installation of private charging piles, whether residential property supports entering the area has become the primary issue for car owners and new energy vehicle manufacturers. However, there are no relevant regulations on how to cooperate or support the installation of private charging piles. In the Development Plan of Energy Saving and New Energy Automobile Industry (20 12-2020), there is little content about charging piles, only the relevant provisions of "accelerating the construction of charging facilities and improving the industrial supporting system". In the "Beijing Demonstration and Application of New Energy Passenger Cars Management Law", the provisions on the construction of private charging piles did not involve property companies. However, how to ensure the smooth installation of charging piles in the community, what role the community property company plays in this, and what responsibilities and obligations it undertakes are not mentioned at all. The installation of charging piles involves many levels, such as the planning department of * * * and power grid companies, automobile companies, charging equipment manufacturers, equipment installation companies, residential property companies and so on. In the case that electric vehicles have not been popularized, communication in all links is particularly difficult. It is obviously not easy for private car owners to install charging piles in their own communities. The "construction revolution" of public charging piles still needs efforts. Citizens have repeatedly hit the wall when installing charging piles in their own communities. Can public charging piles solve the problem? In sharp contrast to personal charging piles, a large number of public charging piles often appear idle, unattended, occupied by other vehicles, unevenly distributed and low utilization rate, resulting in waste of resources. The author saw in the road parking lot in maliandao that although all the new 10 charging piles in the State Grid were open, only 1 charging piles were charging electric vehicles, and a row of parking spaces originally reserved for new energy vehicles had already been occupied by non-new energy vehicles, which became an out-and-out parking lot. Even if the general location of the charging pile can be found online, it is not smooth to go to the field to find it. In particular, the charging piles in the underground parking lots of office buildings and shopping malls have to be inquired by many parties to get a glimpse of their "true colors". On the one hand, the owner can't find the charging pile, on the other hand, a large number of charging piles are idle for a long time. The public's lack of information awareness and hidden location of public charging piles are also the main reasons why many charging piles are not known to everyone. The installation of public charging piles is intended to create a good use environment for new energy vehicles and promote the promotion of new energy vehicles; According to the original plan, the construction of charging piles will be rolled out in Beijing, but in the actual process, it is far from achieving the expected results. Wang Binggang, a special expert on major science and technology projects of electric vehicles in the 863 Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology, once said that all departments should work together to solve the problem of infrastructure construction and find out specific methods to solve the charging difficulty; If the infrastructure construction is not solved, it will be difficult for electric vehicles to develop forward. How to plan the infrastructure construction of new energy vehicles and make it convenient, easy to find and useful is the most important. Otherwise, the promotion of policies and subsidies alone will definitely never solve the fundamental problem.