Lesson 1
1. "There are no rules, not a circle," which means that there should be rules for everything, and that you should know the rules and abide by them.
2, the rules are social groups in order to achieve a certain goal, set out for everyone to *** with the observance of the system or constitution.
※3, the rules are in the form of words, such as school rules, community covenants, laws and so on - written rules; by convention passed down, such as customs - unwritten rules.
※4, the role of rules: rules are not for the constraints, control of human behavior, but in order for people to be able to live in an orderly, safe and healthy way. Rules indicate the norms of life, establish the order of life and improve the efficiency of life. At the same time, all people are equal before the rules or laws in order to bring fairness and justice to our lives.
5. Cheng Kejie illegally accepted other people's property in a huge amount while he was an official (vice-chairman of the National People's Congress). The court found that Cheng Kejie's behavior violated the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China **** and the State, has constituted the crime of accepting bribes, and sentenced to death according to the law, deprivation of political rights for life and confiscation of all personal property. This shows that everyone is equal before the law, no matter who violates the law, no matter how high the status, will be sanctioned by the law.
※6. Laws are rules made by the state that everyone must obey.
7. Respect for the law is an important symbol of a civilized society.
※8. Rules come into being to solve conflicts in life and establish order in life.
9. Many rules originate from life and change with the needs of life.
(The emergence of roads and crosswalks and the creation of crosswalks show that rules are neither natural nor new. It emerged along with the development of society and the needs of life, and was constantly formulated by people to solve the conflicts and problems in life.)
10.New rules are needed when new situations arise.
The emergence of space traffic rules shows that any rule emerges for a reason. The formulation of new regulations applicable to space society is an objective requirement of the development of modern space science and technology. In the face of new situations and new problems in the new period need to consider new rules, even in space such a very distant space from people, it should be regulated to ensure its normal order.
※11. We are rule followers and rule makers. We can make rules as needed. (e.g., the development of class rules)
12, the community at large has the right and the means to participate in the process of rule-making, the process by which the government chooses consumer representatives. Explain that the emergence of rules arises from problems and is applied to reality. It is not for the purpose of restraining or controlling human behavior, but for the sake of people being able to live in an orderly, safe, healthy and comfortable way.
※13. In China, important laws are considered and passed by the National People's Congress (NPC). The NPC is the highest organ of state power in China and the organ that exercises the legislative power of the country, and it occupies a primary position in the system of state organs in the country
Lesson 2
※13. The basic rights that every citizen (including minors) enjoys are: the right to life and health (the most basic right), the right to education, the right to be under guardianship, the right to freedom of the person, the right to portrait, the right to a name and the right to honor, honor, copyright, and the right to criticize and suggest (the right to supervise), etc. All rights must be exercised in accordance with the rules and in accordance with the law.
14. Laws that protect the rights of citizens include:
The Constitution of the People's Republic of China or the Constitution - the fundamental law, which stipulates and guarantees the basic rights of all citizens;
The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China or the General Principles of the Civil Law - also provides for the protection of the basic rights of citizens. - also contains provisions protecting the fundamental rights of citizens (right to life and health, right to name, right to portrait, right to reputation, etc.);
The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors in the People's Republic of China*** and the State or the Law on the Protection of Minors - specializes in stipulating and protecting the rights enjoyed by minors;
The Law of the People's Republic of China on Compulsory Education or the Compulsory Education Law - protects the right to education
The Law of the People's Republic of China on Education or the Education Law - protects the right to education
※15. Minors' due Obligations:
(1) Obligations at home: respect for the elderly, filial piety to parents, hard work and thriftiness, and doing what they can, such as washing clothes, dishes, and mopping the floor;
(2) Obligations at school: being educated, studying hard, being united in friendship, abiding by the Code of Conduct for Secondary School Students, taking care of the campus environment, and not littering;
(3) Obligations in the community: protecting the ecological environment, maintaining public **** order, caring for public **** property, etc.
16. Only when everyone fulfills his or her obligations can we fully enjoy our rights, and many of these obligations are responsibilities given to us by the rules.
17, the rules about obligations, embodied in written regulations, laws, but also in the daily moral norms.
18. At home, at school, everywhere, we are members of society. While we fully exercise the rights given to us by law, we should also faithfully fulfill the obligations given to us by law.
19. In modern social life, there is no rule that talks only about rights but not obligations, nor is there a rule that talks only about obligations but not rights.
※20. Exercising our rights and fulfilling our obligations in the rules is the guarantee of our free growth.
※21. Freedom is always premised and guaranteed by rules.
※22, the relationship between freedom and rules: human society, freedom from any constraints and limitations does not exist, personal freedom can only be within the scope of the provisions of the freedom. Rules are norms of behavior with certain mandatory to ensure that people get real freedom.
23, P49 the incident of traffic breakdown in Europe shows that if you do not follow the rules, people's lives will be seriously affected, and even endanger their lives, and freedom is even more impossible to talk about. In essence, the emergence and formulation of rules is for the sake of a more orderly, fairer and more reasonable social operation, and people's lives are more convenient, safer and faster, rather than restricting people's freedom.
24. The more society develops and progresses, the better and more detailed the rules become. Such as wearing clothes and hats is personal freedom, others have no right to interfere, but if it affects the city and the country's image, it is a different story.
The Third Lesson
22. In order to guarantee the basic right to life of all members of society, the state establishes a system of providing assistance and subsidies according to the relevant laws and regulations, which is called the social security system.
※23. The social security system includes: social insurance (pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance and maternity insurance), social relief (poor areas and poor residents), and social welfare (all kinds of disabled people and people with insecure livelihoods, such as unsupported children or unsupported elderly).
※24. 110 - Bandit Police - report the location of the crime and the danger
119 - Fire Police - -Report the location of the fire and the scene
120 - Medical Emergency -Report the location of the patient and his condition
122- -Traffic Accident Alarm - report the location and scene of the accident
25. Faced with special difficulties and distress in life, we can, according to the rules, turn to the social security system as well as to specialized relief agencies. All problems in life should and can be solved in accordance with the rules.
26、Consumer Rights Day--March 15
27、When personal rights and interests are violated, such as Wang Wei in the textbook, what will you do?
(1) Retaliation - to show off for a while and do injustice, harming others and yourself, will not solve the problem. (It is wrong)
(2) swallowed the anger - to encourage the offender to behave more arrogantly, played a conniving role. In the long run, it is bound to affect an individual's physical and mental health and academic performance. (It is wrong)
※(3) report the case (i.e., use legal means to protect their rights and interests) - resort to law enforcement agencies such as police stations, use legal weapons to protect their legitimate rights and interests, but also to protect the safety of other students. (It is the correct use of legal means to protect themselves)
28, what should we do when we can't get hold of all the knowledge of the law and the rules of doing things?
An effective way is to get a lawyer. A lawyer is a person who specializes in the study of law and provides legal services to the society with professional legal knowledge.
※29、What can lawyers do for us? (Or what is the role of a lawyer?)
(1). Act as a legal adviser, handle related legal affairs; (2) to provide legal advice;
(3) to write legal documents; (4) in all kinds of cases entrusted to act as a defender or agent
30, textbook "gentleman move his mouth" cartoon of the three characters in the words and deeds reflect what?
(1) The passer-by's attitude of "not caring about anything" and "doing more is better than doing less" is a manifestation of the lack of a sense of social responsibility.
(2) Site managers divide their responsibilities between work and work, and when they find problems, they only shirk their responsibilities, which is a sign of lack of social responsibility.
(3) The fact that the students did not stand by and watch is a sign of a sense of social responsibility, and it was also put into practice.
31. What right of citizenship was exercised by the two rural students of the textbook in advising the authorities on the disposal of used medicine bottles?
Their action exercised the citizen's right to criticize and make suggestions (i.e., the right to supervise).
32. Are social problems directly related to the interests of individuals?
On the face of it, many things are not in obvious conflict with the interests of the individual, and there are no written rules that oblige us to ask questions about everything. But in reality, these things reflect problems that harm the state, collective property and public **** interests, threaten the environment on which we depend for our survival and development, and thus ultimately are detrimental to the survival and development of all people.
33. Taking responsibility is a sign of healthy growth. Everyone takes responsibility is a sign of the progress of social civilization.
Integrated Inquiry VII
34. Regardless of the type of problem, we have the right to put forward our own suggestions for solving the problem, which is the exercise of the right to criticize and make suggestions, i.e., the exercise of the right to supervise.
35. Prevalent Social Problems:
(1) Law and Order Problems--Serious Stealing and Robbing Phenomena
(2) Traffic Problems--Congestion, Failure to Observe Traffic Rules
(3) Environmental Problems -motor vehicle exhaust, industrial pollution (waste water, exhaust gas, waste) disposable goods (wooden chopsticks, fast food containers, plastic bags), over-packaging
(4) life pollution - spitting, chewing gum residue, domestic garbage piled up randomly
※36, the format of the survey report:
(1) Title: About .......
(2) Investigation method: time, place, way
(3) Findings: conclusions or data show
(4) Analysis and discussion: analyze the causes of the problem
(5) Suggestions and ideas: put forward solutions to the problem
(6) Summary: through their own investigative report of the feelings, understanding.
※37, a reasonable way or method of reflecting suggestions:
(1) can be reflected in person by calling or writing to the relevant state authorities or directly to the people concerned
(2) to find the people's representatives face-to-face
(3) you can write letters to the news media and other public expression of their own views
Unit VIII Review Outline
Lesson 1: The Choices We Will Always Face
※1. Consumers are our initial and most stable identity into economic life. Consumption is the process of enjoying goods and services to fulfill our needs in life.
The relationship between production and consumption is that production determines consumption and consumption influences production.
The condition of a good: it is both an item that is produced and an item that is to be sold on the market.
The emergence of e-commerce has broken the traditional face-to-face transactions, enabling people separated by miles to engage in trading activities.
The factors that affect people's shopping are; quality, price, origin, brand, after-sales service of the goods, shopper's needs and preferences, the influence of advertisements and the environment in which the shopping takes place, among others.
Factors affecting the price change are; season, commodity put on the market time, place, life hotspot, brand and so on change and change.
How is shopping reasonable? First of all, to live within your means, according to their own income level to arrange spending, so that the expenditure and income level appropriate. Secondly, don't forget to be thrifty at all times, and it is better to analyze and compare before buying when shopping. Once again, when shopping, start from your actual needs, don't follow blindly.
8. What is the Engel coefficient? What is Engel's Law?
Food Expenditures
The Engel's Coefficient = %, which indicates how well off people are.
Total Consumption Expenditures for Living
Engel's law means that the lower the income of a family or individual, the greater the share of its food expenditure in total expenditure, and as the income of a family increases, the share of food expenditure in the family's total income or total expenditure decreases gradually. For countries, the poorer a country is, the greater the share of average expenditure per national that is spent on food purchases.
Consumption that emphasizes environmental protection has become the pursuit of a high quality of life and a sign of modern civilized life.
10. What is a green lifestyle?
Saving resources, reducing pollution; green consumption, environmental protection purchase; reuse, multiple use; garbage classification, recycling; rescue species, protect nature. (such as choosing fluorine-free refrigerators, air conditioners and other electrical appliances, choosing laundry detergent that does not pollute the water supply; choosing reuse of recycled paper, double-sided use of paper, recycling of discarded paper, etc.)
The second lesson of the entrepreneurial side of the credit is invaluable
10, Dad's successful entrepreneurial sixteen-word secret, "people have no I have, people have my best, people have good, people have good, people cheap, people cheap, I turn! ". Successful investors must consider the factors: market needs, product prices, technological transformation, development of new products.
11, how to avoid risk? Equalization of funds, diversified investment. That is, "do not put all the eggs in the same basket". With this heavy approach to avoid risk must have a condition: the factors leading to risk are opposing.
12, investment **** the same characteristics: can bring wealth, there is also risk, and benefit from a larger investment approach, the risk is correspondingly greater.
13, the way of entrepreneurship focuses on grasping the opportunity to grasp the opportunity to grasp the essentials are: appropriate for the time, appropriate for the thing, appropriate for the thing, appropriate for the place.
14, the successful entrepreneurs, never to credit as the foundation of the business. Keeping the credit, will enable the enterprise to obtain the opportunity of survival and long-term development; not keeping the credit, will lose all the partners, lose the future opportunities, make the enterprise business failure.
Lesson 3: Being a Family for the Country is Everyone's Responsibility
The main ways to manage family finances: savings, bonds, and insurance. Savings, one of the most common items on the average family's books. National bonds have the credibility and financial strength of the state as a guarantee, the state bears the responsibility of repaying the principal and interest, is the least risky bonds, the interest rate of the bonds is generally higher than the same period of interest on bank deposits. No matter what kind of financial management, there are risks.
Planning to arrange the family's income and expenditure is called a family budget. Family budgeting is an important way of managing family finances. It is mainly manifested in the two aspects of open source and cut back, open source, that is, to increase income; cut back, that is, to plan the expenditure.
The income and expenditure of the state is called finance. The state plans how to arrange income and expenditure, is the national budget. In China, the National People's Congress meets once a year, and one of the important issues is to consider and adopt the annual budget.
In our lives, some important public **** facilities and services, must rely on government investment. The army, which defends the security of the country, the state organs that work for the people, the social security structures that provide various kinds of social security, and many schools and scientific research units also rely on the state's revenues and expenditures.
The most important and stable income for the state finances comes from taxes. The collection of taxes from taxpayers by the state according to standards set by law is called taxation. There are many types of taxes, each with a corresponding taxpayer. Personal income tax is a tax paid by many individuals who earn a certain amount of money. "High-income people pay more tax, low-income people pay less tax." Paying taxes in accordance with the law is the basic obligation of citizens. Our taxes are taken from the people and used by the people.
20, do civilized life of a small housekeeper: the times are different, the concept of consumption is not the same, we should respect each other's way of consumption, but the pursuit of high-quality consumer life at the same time, we should also be thrifty, the amount of money for the sake of spending, according to their actual needs and reasonable consumption, can not be excessive, blind consumption, and even wanton waste.