Types of dieters
I. Court and Noble Diet
First, the court diet is characterized by strict selection of ingredients and strict use of materials. Under the sky, there is no one who is not the king's land, and there is no one who is not the king's minister, and the unlimited expansion of the emperor's power makes him gather the world's highly skilled chefs, and also owns all the rare raw materials on earth. As early as in the Zhou Dynasty, the emperor's court has been divided into fine and cumbersome duties of the person in charge of the emperor's diet, "Zhou Li Zhi Zhuo - days official Tsukazai" in the main "meal man, kitchen people, outside breakfast, Heng people, Dian division, beasts of burden, fishermen, wax people, food doctor, disease doctor, ulcer doctor, wine, wine, wine people, Ling people, fruits of the people, ayi people, salt people," and so on, under the entry The scope of responsibilities was described. With so many specialized staff, one can imagine the strictness of the selection and preparation of dietary materials at that time. Among them, only the bird's nest dishes have six flavors:
bird's nest chicken skin ★ fish balls, bird's nest word silver duck, bird's nest life word five willow chicken wire, bird's nest no word white duck wire, bird's nest border word mushroom duck soup, bird's nest fried stove chicken wire.
Second, cooking fine. The political power of the world, for the ruler to provide the possibility of enjoying a variety of rare and beautiful food, but also requires the palace food in the cooking to be as fine as possible; and monotonous and boring life in the palace, most of the emperors have been relatively weak, which in turn requires the processing of its diet on the production of a more fine.
Once again, the variety of colors and varieties. Cixi's "female officer" by the German age of the "Imperial fragrance Misty Records," said Cixi only from Beijing to Fengtian train, temporary "Imperial Cuisine" accounted for four sections of the car box, on the "stove 50 seats ", "cooks under the hands of fifty people", each meal total "* * * ready for a hundred kinds of dishes", but also for "cakes, fruits, grains, dried fruits, etc. are also one hundred kinds of ", because "the Empress Dowager or Empress every meal must be neatly served a hundred bowls of different dishes to". In addition to the main meal, "there are two snacks", "each snack, at least twenty bowls of food, usually about forty or fifty bowls of food", and all these dishes, can not be duplicated, which can be imagined that the palace diet varieties of color.
The palace diet of the huge scale, the variety of complexity, the selection of precious materials and many cooks, is bound to bring manpower, material and financial resources on the great waste.
The official diet of the aristocracy, although there is no palace diet spread, stereotypes and luxury, but also competing for riches, more than pay attention to "Fang Cuisine standard odd", "kitchen meals poor land and water treasures" characteristics.
The aristocratic diet to the Kongfu cuisine and Tanjia cuisine is the most famous. Kongfu successive generations have specialized internal and external kitchen. In the process of long-term development, the formation of its diet exquisite, focus on nutrition, unique flavor of the diet dishes. This is the influence of Confucius' ancestral teaching that "food is not too fine, chopping is not too small".
Confucius feast is another feature, whether it is the name of the dish, or eating utensils, have a strong cultural flavor. Such as the "jade belt shrimp" shows the status of the Confucian House of honor. In the food, in addition to deliberately made some rich in artistic modeling of food utensils, but also engraved with the shape of the corresponding ancient poems, such as in the pipa-shaped bowl engraved with "Biza to the moon in the spring to adjust the treasure, red sleeves and incense night reading". All these convey the cultural taste of the world's first restaurant food.
Another prestigious, well-preserved aristocratic diet, when the Tan family cuisine. Tan family originated from Guangdong, but also lived in Beijing for a long time, so its cuisine is a combination of northern and southern culinary masterpieces, not only belongs to the Guangdong series, but also has a strong Beijing flavor, in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of Beijing enjoys a very high reputation. Tanjia Cuisine is characterized by a wide range of ingredients and production techniques, especially in cooking various kinds of seafood. Tanjia Cuisine's main production is to pay attention to the original flavor of the raw materials, sweet and fresh, salty and fragrant; pay attention to the material is ruthless, the fire is enough, so the dishes are easy to cook soft, good taste, easy to digest; selection of materials processing is relatively fine, cooking methods commonly used burning, fire by, braising, braising, steaming, steak, pan-frying, grilling and other methods. Noble diet in the long-term development of the formation of their unique style and very personalized production methods.
Two. Marketplace, people's diet
Marketplace diet techniques, a variety of characteristics. For example, the Dream Sorghum Records recorded in the Southern Song Dynasty Lin'an at that time a variety of cooked food 839 kinds. And cooking methods, only the "Dream sorghum record" recorded on the steam, boiling, boiling, brewing, frying, deep-frying, baking, frying, Yi Yi, baking, preserved, preserved, preserved, waxed, burned, frozen, sauce, warmed up, fire bird nineteen categories, and each category has a number of species. At that time, the diet not only satisfied the dietary needs of different classes of people, but also took into account the dietary needs at different times. Because the marketplace diet is mainly the object of the time, the main businessmen, peddlers, and these people come and go in a hurry, the behavior is uncertain, so with the food, easy to carry a variety of popular snacks will be extremely popular.
Three. Ethnic and religious diet
Ethnic diet refers to the dishes of ethnic minorities in addition to the Han Chinese. Due to the different socio-historical development of the ethnic minorities in different classes, the different regions, environment, products, religious beliefs, so almost every ethnic minority has their own different dietary practices and hobbies, and ultimately formed a unique food culture.
The ethnic minorities living in the northeast region between the White Mountains and Black Water, the Three Rivers Plain, mainly Manchu, Herzhe, Oroqen, Ewenki and other ethnic groups. The Manchus are mainly engaged in sedentary farming and agriculture, with hunting as a secondary activity. The favorite food of the Manchu is "Fukushima" (white meat boiled in water), and they mainly eat dumplings and "annual meat and potatoes" on New Year's Day, and the delicacy in winter is white meat and pickled vegetables hot pot. Herzhe to hunting-oriented, due to the cold climate, so the fish, animals as the main diet, and the most prominent is the raw fish mixed with condiments and food "kill fish". And live in the size of the Hinggan Mountains of Oroqen and Ewenke, hunting for the main content of food sources, especially like raw food dog liver and half-cooked all kinds of animal meat.