First, the whole process of building intelligent system engineering design
Like architectural design, the whole process of intelligent system engineering design of architectural engineering has three stages: scheme design, preliminary design and construction drawing design. Intelligent system design and architectural design at the same time is the best practice.
After the scheme design is reviewed, it enters the preliminary design, and after the preliminary design, it enters the construction drawing design. Construction drawing design documents will be reviewed by relevant departments, and then enter the construction bidding. The construction unit (system integrator) deepened the design, and the design process was basically completed. In the process of building decoration, functional adjustment and other construction, local modifications and improvements will be made.
At present, due to various reasons, except for a few projects that follow the above steps, a large number of intelligent system engineering construction drawings of engineering projects are designed by system integrators. When system integrators participate in the bidding of intelligent system engineering design, the architectural design and construction drawing of architectural design institute have been completed, and the construction unit is very eager for the construction of intelligent system engineering. System integrators enter the construction drawing design stage after winning the bid in the scheme design, ignoring the important stage of preliminary design and its review.
Second, the main problems of intelligent system construction drawing design
1 lacks completeness and completeness.
Construction drawing design documents are mainly composed of drawing catalogue, list of main equipment and materials, general description of design and construction, floor plan, system diagram, schematic diagram, details of weak current machine room and weak current shaft, and other details, such as conference room, multimedia classroom, access control details, etc.
In the further design stage, design documents such as installation drawing, assembly drawing, wiring diagram (cabinet and equipment termination drawing), cable list and foundation drawing may be needed.
The design documents of intelligent system construction drawings of some engineering projects are incomplete, and some even have only floor plans and no system drawings; Some general descriptions of design and construction are not given, especially the list of main equipment and materials and various detailed drawings. Some projects are in the stage of deepening design, and even the as-built drawings lack actual installation and wiring drawings. They just make some minor adjustments or modifications to the construction drawings of the architectural design institute, which will bring trouble to the maintenance and expansion of the management department in the future.
2. The drawing quality does not meet the requirements clearly expressed in the design documents.
The label column is incomplete, the label column of some units does not meet the national standards, the project name and project name are not unique, the compilation order of missing project number and drawing number is chaotic and irregular, and the signature and date are incomplete.
The architectural plan provided by the architectural design unit has not been processed. Generally speaking, refined and irrelevant words should be deleted from the building plan, shear walls and columns should be blurred, and building lines should be faded, but functional words, elevations, axes and numbers should not be deleted from the building plan.
I didn't pay attention to the line thickness, graphic symbols and font size, which are generally reflected in small text, thin lines and small graphic symbols. Its principle is to highlight weak current pipes, graphic symbols and characters. Some units did not pay attention to the layout of the drawings, and all parts of the drawings were uniform, so they did not pay attention to the editing of the views.
Didn't pay attention to the size of the sheets. In general construction drawing design documents, the scale of plan is 1: 100, but the largest drawing is A0, and others are generally A 1. It is found that it is inappropriate for some units to use A3 paper in large quantities. A set of drawings generally has two main drawings, namely A 1 and A2; If the number of building objects is large, the plan is A0.
Three main problems of drawing catalogue
The project name and project name are inconsistent with the drawings;
The drawing name is inconsistent with the drawing:
The map sheet is inconsistent with the drawing;
Not all the design documents are listed, such as the general plan of civil air defense that needs to be quoted.
4 List of main equipment and materials, main problems
Incomplete;
The main technical performance indexes of the equipment are not marked;
Quantity is different from the drawing;
Generally, it is not allowed to indicate the product model of the equipment, but there are contradictions in the relevant regulations.
Some units think that there is a list of equipment configuration in the design bidding documents, so the list of main equipment and materials cannot be found in the design documents, which leads to the incompleteness of the design documents.
Design and construction always explain the main problems.
The general description of design and construction is a very important drawing. Anyone who has seen this drawing will have a comprehensive understanding of the intelligent system of the whole project, but some unit designers pay insufficient attention to it, which leads to many problems.
Project overview: briefly introduce the project location, surrounding roads, total construction area, total height, floors, underground floors, main functions of each floor, and design objectives of intelligent system.
Incomplete design basis: the design basis should include the current national standards, specifications and industry standards: the design power of attorney, design task book and contract of the construction unit; Minutes of design review and coordination meeting; Building, water, electricity and heating construction drawings and revised design documents.
There are problems in the list of design standards: main design standards are omitted, outdated standards are included, the standard number is wrong, and the version is not marked.
The design scope is not clear: the systems not included in this design should be indicated, such as the communication and television subsystems designed by relevant departments such as telecommunications, radio and television. All subsystems involved in this design should be included, and sometimes UPS power supply system, lightning protection system and grounding system are easily omitted.
In the description of molecular system, it is sometimes found that the subsystem description is inconsistent with the subsystem names listed in the design scope and the order is inconsistent. Subsystem description mainly has the following problems.
1) The mechanical and electrical equipment of this project, especially the working characteristics of the air conditioning system, is not introduced in the building equipment monitoring system; Cold and heat source, VAV air conditioner, VRV, air conditioning unit, fresh air unit, fan coil unit, etc. It should be explained; Others, such as power distribution, water supply, hot water, pure water system, drainage system, ventilation system, public lighting, outdoor lighting, elevators, etc. , should be explained, and what kind of monitoring methods should be adopted; Monitoring system scale, pipeline laying requirements, setting position of BAS central control room, etc.
2) In the communication network system, it is represented by modular office, program-controlled switch and telephone cable junction box, the principle of voice information point configuration, the pipeline connected with the telecommunication bureau, the total number of points, the location of the computer room, etc. There are also mobile communication blind area coverage systems, wireless intercom and so on.
3) Describe the access mode, network topology, core layer, network switch settings of convergence layer and access layer, data information point configuration principle, total points, wireless access network and computer room location of computer network system.
4) The integrated wiring system shall be described in terms of workspace, horizontal wiring subsystem, vertical distribution subsystem, equipment room, management subsystem and building complex subsystem. Feng distribution frame, floor distribution frame setting, horizontal cable type, vertical trunk optical cable, a large number of copper cables, distribution frame card type, modular type, etc. It should be explained. The horizontal cable shall not exceed 90m, and the horizontal distance between the information point and the outer edge of the power socket shall be 200mm.
5) In CATV system, it should be explained that 860MHZ bidirectional adjacent frequency transmission mode and centralized branch distributor mode are adopted.
6) In the public * * * broadcasting system, it should be explained that the background sound is compatible with the audio device of the fire emergency broadcasting field, which is automatically switched by the fire linkage module in the floor weak current well, and the place where the volume adjustment switch is installed. The location of the radio room; There are also outdoor broadcasts.
7) There are many security systems, and the main features and technologies of CCTV monitoring system, burglar alarm system, access control system, access control system and patrol system should be described. Indicate the number of points set at the front end and indicate the location of the computer room.
8) The main features of all subsystems set in the design should be mentioned in this general description, such as parking lot management system, large screen display and touch information search system: shell, digital conference system, system integration, etc.
9) UPS power supply system, lightning protection system and grounding system have this content in any project, but some units often don't pay attention to it or explain it. The UPS power supply system shall indicate where the power comes from, UPS capacity, voltage level, power supply range and several hours standby time of the distribution battery. Lightning protection system consists of power supply lightning protection and information system lightning protection. The grounding system shall indicate the local equipotential connection of the weak current machine room, the specifications of the weak current shaft grounding trunk line, the special grounding wire copper cable, the grounding resistance value of the comprehensive grounding method, the metal bridge grounding, the total equipotential connection, etc.
Pipeline laying is easy to omit, and pipe specifications and bridge specifications are adopted. Thin-walled pipes, such as KBG pipes, JDG pipes and DG pipes, are generally not allowed to be used underground; Wait, open the tube; Galvanized steel pipes are generally used: the bridge is generally trough-shaped.
Other issues that need to be explained, such as the page number of the referenced standard atlas.
Some projects are only included in the routine construction practice of the system, lacking the pertinence of this project: some projects even lack the overall description of design and construction.
6 The main problems of the plan
The scheme shows that there are many problems in front-end layout, rack and pipeline design.
1) Incoming lines of telephone, network, TV and other buildings are not marked; When the incoming line passes through the underground shear wall, the rigid waterproof casing is not laid, and the pipe spacing, row spacing and elevation are lacking; The overall size of pipeline wells and non-injection wells and the distance from the borehole wall are missing.
2) Outgoing pipelines of buildings, such as pipelines between buildings, outdoor broadcasting audio and outdoor monitoring pipelines, are not marked. 3 3. The indoor layout legend is wrong, and some legends represent more than two different devices; Just like the installation height of the same equipment is different, different legends should be used.
4) The specifications of the bridge are drawn, but there is a lack of model, so it is impossible to distinguish between grooves, plates and ladders. It is common to lack the elevation of notes. Draw a straight line for the pipeline, whether through the toilet or the pipeline well; Some pipes pass through the substation.
5) The cause and effect of the pipeline are not clearly explained. Some pipes are pulled to the bridge, and some are pulled from the weak current well, with no written explanation. Some even only drew the front side note of the XX computer room on the first floor, without using graphic symbols to express the route.
6) Vertical pipes are laid along the wall and pass through the floor, lacking arrows; I don't know where it was drawn from, and I don't know where it was led, and there is a lack of text annotation.
7) The pipeline and laying method are marked locally in the plan, but the civil air defense wall and settlement joint (expansion joint) are not marked; Thin-walled pipes are used underground. Some drawings are marked in English, such as TC, SC, RC, DG, DA and Hanyu Pinyin. Different pipelines will not be marked with different linetypes.
8) Lack of equipment installation height sign.
9) It is suggested to list the equipment at the edge of the plan, clearly indicating the legend, name, model specification, quantity, installation method and installation height.
7 main problems of system diagram
1) designed the system diagram into a schematic diagram, and some even moved the diagram of the manufacturer's product publicity materials for use. There is nothing on the drawing except the graphical symbols of the equipment.
2) The depth is not enough. For example, in the diagram of the integrated wiring system, there are only graphic symbols of voice points and data points, but no number is marked: pipes are not marked; distribution frames are only graphic symbols, but the number of clamping, modularization, logarithm or ports is not marked, and the number of distribution frames is not marked; cabinets are not marked with number 19 "and height. The number of coreless, multimode or single-mode vertical optical cables and the number of cores; The category, logarithm and number of copper cables with large logarithm are not marked: the model and specification of the vertical bridge are not marked. The number of DDC points in the BA system diagram is unclear, the sensors and valve pipelines from DDC to the controlled equipment are not listed, and the DDC controller ~220V power supply is not in place.
3) In the cable TV system diagram, there is a lack of level calculation, and the distribution branch and the TV front-end box are represented by boxes. It is not clear what components are set inside, and only the junction box is used to mark them.
4) The public * * * broadcast system diagram lacks the fire linkage module and volume adjustment switch, and the pipeline is unclear, so it is unclear how to switch to the fire emergency broadcast.
5) There is no power distribution system diagram, which is only represented by the power box that needs electricity in the system diagram, and the power source is unclear. For example, it is not clear where the ~24V power supply of the camera in the closed-circuit television monitoring system diagram comes from and where the DC 12V power supply of the detector in the anti-theft alarm system diagram comes from. What elements are not clear in the safety junction box?
6) The specifications and quantity of equipment in the computer room such as network computer room, BAS central control room and monitoring center are not marked in the system diagram.
7) The system diagram lacks lightning protection equipment.
8) Grounding trunk line diagram. From the cabinet to the grounding terminal box, and from the grounding terminal box to the grounding copper bar on the floor, the grounding wire and grounding tube are not marked. The main equipotential bonding junction box is not shown.
9) It is suggested that the main cables be numbered and clearly marked on the floor plan.
Eight main problems of schematic diagram
1) is incomplete, and the monitoring principle of electromechanical equipment in BA system is not fully expressed.
2) In the schematic diagram of fan and water pump monitoring, it is not clear how many fans and water pumps are in the control box, which is only represented by the standard atlas, not for the actual situation of this project. No electrical cabinet number, no electrical appliances -—X X drawing number.
3) Basically, the schematic diagram of substation equipment monitoring is not drawn, and the diagram of substation high and low voltage distribution system may not be seen.
4) The schematic diagram for monitoring public lighting lines is also lacking, and it is not clear which lighting boxes to monitor.
5) The ultra-high liquid level alarm in the sump of submersible sewage pump is basically not set.
6) The monitoring of air conditioning equipment has not been communicated with HVAC professional designers.
9 details Feng asked.
Details include details of weak current machine room, weak current shaft, conference system, multimedia classroom and access control system. The main problem is that the details are unknown.
1) The detailed drawing of the weak current machine room only shows the equipment, without indicating the size of the equipment cabinets, the distance between cabinets, the size of the cabinets from the wall, or even the size of the machine room. The access routes of pipelines and bridges in the machine room are not drawn. The power box and power socket in the computer room are not drawn. Local equipotential connection, grounding terminal box and grounding wire in the machine room are not shown. The detailed scale of the computer room is generally 1: 50.
2) The detail drawing of weak current shaft also has the problem of incomplete dimensioning. In particular, the net size of the weak current shaft (weak current room) is not marked, as well as the equipment installation height, bridge specifications, pipeline number, grounding trunk copper bar, grounding terminal box, power socket and so on. In the design of a company, there is a vertical expansion diagram of weak current shaft, which indicates the installation height of equipment on each floor and the size of bridge and pipeline. It looks very clear and is recommended. The detailed scale of weak current shaft is generally 1: 25.
3) There are also some problems in other related details, such as the installation height of the projector, the distance from the electric screen and the installation height of the speaker. , and the method of laying pipes, especially along the floor or along the roof.
Three, intelligent system engineering construction drawing design problems.
1. Designers don't know architectural design, but have a deep understanding of drawings and engineering language, and don't pay attention to the quality of drawings.
2. Some system integrators believe that the design and construction are all undertaken by their own companies, as long as they can be constructed; But in addition to the construction unit, the construction unit and the supervision unit should look at the drawing design.
3. The designer's knowledge is not wide enough, only within his own professional scope. Unfamiliar with power distribution, lightning protection and grounding: unfamiliar with electricity, water supply and drainage, heating and ventilation, etc. In some units, the division of labor among designers is too detailed. It's best to have a foothold, take into account all aspects and know a little about everything.
4. Designers don't know how to design and construct carefully, don't pay attention to drawing design, and lack professionalism and sense of responsibility. Architectural design is a lifelong responsibility system.
5. Some units do not pay attention to quality management, lack proofreading, or do not proofread carefully. Generally, it is the second instance of the second school, self-calibration, mutual calibration, review and approval. Each post has its own duties, and a set of drawings is signed by 3-4 designers. Some unit personnel signed the examination and approval, but said that they had not seen the drawings and were irresponsible.
6. A few leaders don't pay attention to design, only pay attention to market and bidding, and don't pay attention to design and construction. Just out of school, I started designing without training. Usually do not pay attention to training.
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