[Edit Paragraph] I. The concept and role of the inspection report The concept of the inspection report is divided into a broader and a narrower sense. The broad sense of the inspection report refers to the author in order to understand the basic situation of a region, or in order to obtain the scientific data or evidence of a scientific research task, according to certain scientific standards, personally carry out the inspection activities, and on this basis written into an article, such as the inspection of the diary, inspection notes, inspection diary, as well as a number of academic reports and so on, collectively referred to as the inspection report. Is an important application of writing style.
Marxist epistemology shows that the only source of knowledge is the material world. Recognition depends on practice, people's cognitive process must go through the stage of perceptual awareness, and then rise to the stage of rational understanding. To examine in social practice is a concrete application of Marxist epistemology.
The duty of important leaders is to identify problems, formulate policies and solve problems. To identify problems, it is necessary to examine the history and present situation of an objective thing, and to examine its various internal and external connections. As for making decisions and solving problems, it is all the more necessary to explore the nature of objective things and their laws of development and change through systematic and thorough investigations, and then to put forward policies to solve problems. Important leaders to personally carry out investigation is very important, of course, it is impossible to do everything himself, they need to use the results of other people's investigation to help them formulate the relevant policies. In this way, the inspection activities are increasingly socialized, the masses. In the information-based, scientific decision-making, high efficiency of the new period, the inspection report has a greater significance and role.
Researchers to obtain scientific data for a scientific research task, but also need to personally carry out field visits - to the internal law of activity of the thing to examine, to the relevant information to examine, otherwise it can not draw scientific conclusions.
China has a good tradition of fieldwork in the social sciences, but fieldwork in the natural sciences has been greatly restricted for various reasons. After the founding of New China, according to the objective requirements of the law of planned and proportional development of the national economy and the needs of large-scale regional economic development, only then carried out a multidisciplinary comprehensive investigation work. Over the past 40 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, comprehensive surveys have been conducted in more than two thirds of the country's provinces and districts, and several comprehensive surveys have been carried out, particularly in many remote areas. Take the comprehensive investigation of natural resources as an example, in 1956, the State Council formulated the twelve-year scientific and technological development plan, in order to complete the task of investigating the natural conditions and natural resources in remote areas of the country, the Chinese Academy of Sciences set up a comprehensive investigation committee to unify the leadership and organization of various comprehensive investigations, and successively formed ten large-scale comprehensive investigation teams, which were investigated by thousands of people at the same time every year. During this period, the comprehensive investigation of natural resources has made obvious achievements, provided a large amount of scientific information and basis for the development and utilization of natural resources for the country, and formulated the national economic development plan and regional development program; and promoted the development of resource research and investigation. On the basis of the comprehensive expedition activities carried out, a number of scientific research institutions have also been established. Some expeditions also systematically prepared scientific reports on geomorphology, climate, soil, plants, etc., which became specialized books on the subject.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, with the increase in scientific research for economic construction tasks, scientific research activities, especially to the development of natural resources, the use of research activities centered on the revitalization of China shouldered the glorious task. It will be for China's national economy, social and cultural development, for scientific research in various disciplines. Play a greater role. [edit paragraph] Second, the classification and characteristics of the inspection report Inspection reports can be categorized from different perspectives. Based on the object of the report, it can be divided into geological landforms inspection report, paleontological inspection report, archaeological inspection report, health and epidemic prevention inspection report, productivity development inspection report and so on, each discipline can be the object of inspection, write an inspection report.
Taking the writing characteristics as the benchmark, it can be divided into general introduction type investigation, examination type special investigation, argumentation type investigation, academic type investigation and so on.
People customarily often single discipline inspection report is called the examination of the subject of the inspection, more than two disciplines to write a joint inspection report is called a comprehensive inspection. Newspapers are common in the thematic inspection reports and comprehensive inspection reports.
We focus here on the classification from the point of view of writing characteristics, discussing the characteristics of different types of inspection reports and their writing.
1. General introduction-type inspection report
This kind of inspection report is often used in the comprehensive inspection of natural resources and social culture. The author after a field trip will be examined in all aspects of the basic situation of the region introduced. Its role is to let people have a clear understanding of the general situation of the region, but also for the development and utilization of natural resources by the higher leadership, the formulation of relevant policies or measures, to provide a scientific basis.
This kind of inspection report is characterized by census, comprehensive. Examination of a wide range of objects. Examination of the area, topography, climate, rivers and lakes, agriculture and industry, transportation, culture, education and health are the object of investigation, when necessary, but also need to examine the region's folklore.
For example, Yang Qinye's "Piece of horse line - Hengduan Mountain scientific investigation of the scattered memoirs of ① is a general introduction to the type of investigation report. This report examines the situation of Katama, which is located west of the main ridge of the Gaoligong Mountains on the western side of the Hengduan Mountains and belongs to Hushui County of Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. For example, "Katama, including the natural villages of Upper Katama and Lower Katama, is less than 2,000 meters above sea level," and "is a small basin in the mountains at the source of the Brainchangka River. The historical and actual situation of population and agricultural cultivation is: "Historically as early as in Ming Dynasty, it was part of China's territory and was under the jurisdiction of Liukudengge Tusi", but now, "the total population is only more than 500, and the cultivated land is only more than 1,000 acres, and the area is still widely planted with a thin harvest, although minimum loosened soil cultivation is carried out, but without fertilization. Although there is also a minimum of loosening of the soil for cultivation, there is no habit of applying fertilizers. Corn and rice are ripened once a year, and the yield per unit area of agriculture is kept at a low level of less than three hundred pounds, which is not commensurate with the superior natural conditions." Climatic characteristics of Katama: "Katama's annual precipitation is estimated to be around 1,400 millimeters. The annual rainy season lasts for five months, starting in June and ending in October, with July being the heaviest month, estimated to account for about half of the year. Therefore, despite the lower altitude of Katama, the temperature is not higher than that of Husui in the eastern slopes" and "the average temperature of the hottest month of the summer is below 25°C, and you can't sleep without a quilt at night." Forest resources in Katama: "Evergreen broad-leaved forests grow in the ditches of Katama. The evergreen broad-leaved forests on the mountain slopes have been damaged to varying degrees, and some of them have become Yunnan pine forests." and "When you enter the forests, the vines are laced and the grasses are dense. Everywhere is a few people embrace the human tree", "the upper canopy of the trees can be divided into five or six layers, the composition is very complex, in 250 square meters of sample, there are 22 kinds of tall trees, the dominant family is the genus shells as well as camphor family of some species. Upper tree crown diameter of 3.5 meters, dense branches and leaves so that the forest is not sunlight, wet grasses and trees are particularly developed, cover can reach more than 90%". "Katama is very rich in economic forests. Just walk around the old wooden houses of the old villagers and you will see families using tea trees for fences, peach, plum and apple for shade, and walnut and pear trees for walls." The residents of the Katama region are characterized by the following statement, "The residents of Katama are mainly of the Jingpo and Lisu ethnic groups. They are warm and hospitable," and for "visitors from afar, they are even more attentive and thoughtful."
An overview of the introduction of the type of inspection report to visit a large number of objects, the investigation of a wide range. Above cited this report, the Katama region's various advantages and its shortcomings, examined clearly, so as to improve the cultural quality of the people in the region, the development of the region's water conservancy, economic, forestry resources to formulate a reasonable development plan, provides a sufficient scientific basis.
The second characteristic of this kind of report is "travel". The so-called "travel" refers to some of the characteristics of the travelogue. Specifically, the first refers to the introduction of the profile to have a distinct authenticity. Such as the introduction of geological features, political, economic and cultural conditions, mountains and rivers, monuments, natural resources, architectural features, folk customs, etc., there must be a distinct authenticity, never allow "reasonable" imagination or exaggeration. The investigation report with its authenticity, so that readers have a correct understanding of the region.
Secondly, it is a beautiful image. Overview of the introduction of the recounting of the situation can be used to illustrate, describe the method, but also can be used to describe the method, the flexible use of a variety of methods of expression will be overview of the expedition to write a clear, but also beautiful image, so that the reader in the knowledge gained at the same time to obtain a sense of beauty. Piece of horse line" some of the description of the mountains and rivers scenery is very vivid image: "Vine Man winding, dense grass, everywhere is a few people embrace the people tree, tree body covered with green moss, tree trunk hanging green yarn like pine, vines from a tree around to another tree, from the upper trees around to the lower shrubs, like a python to and fro through the weaving." This description stimulates the reader's beautiful imagination and a sense of being there.
Another characteristic of "traveler's memory" is a clear trail. Overview of the introduction of the expedition report, often to the author of the expedition footprints to the composition of the structure of the whole text, the level of well-organized.
This type of investigation report of the stylistic characteristics closer to the prose style, rather than the strict sense of the application of the style. Such as "study notes", "study notes", "study diary" are close to the prose style of the study report. Some of the comrades to visit foreign countries to study the study report written, such as Li Guoshan and others wrote the "return from the study - minority animal husbandry study mission to ask New Zealand", such as Chen Youwei, An Jianguo wrote the "green mountains and green bamboo line of thought - Concepcion Forestry District study The "Travelogue" is more obviously characterized by some features of a "travelogue", so it is often mistaken for a travelogue. In fact, the general introduction of the type of investigation report, only has a "travelogue", but it is not a travelogue. The biggest difference between them is that the purpose of writing is different. Overview of the introduction-type inspection report, is for the relevant decision-making departments to develop a variety of resources, the formulation of development plans to provide scientific information and basis for practicality, and the main purpose of the travelogue, is through the author of the tour of the various types of situation of the characteristics of the narrative, to express the author's personal feelings, refractive characteristics of the times. Lyricism is strong.
2. The task of this type of report
This type of report: the author through a purposeful and planned scientific research, the general statement of the objection and to be corrected, to establish new scientific conclusions; or on the results of the controversial investigation, to express their own conclusions of the investigation.
Previously, due to the limitations of a variety of conditions, the results of the investigation of the research with today's scientific scale to reevaluate, there are inevitably inaccurate or imprecise. In today's booming science and technology, the former research results have been finalized in general, that is, "generalizations", or still controversial scientific projects to re-examine, in order to obtain more accurate data, in line with the essence of the law of things to give the fall, is the duty of the investigation work is the responsibility of the investigation is an important part of the investigation report.
Mr. Huang wrote the "source of the river examination" ② is an examination of the type of investigation report.
Where is the source of the Yangtze River? Dictionary of the Sea" this note: "the Yangtze River, China's first major river, the source of the Tuotuo River out of the southwest border of Qinghai Tanggula Mountains, Dandong Snow Mountain. Nadangqu after said Tongtian River ...... total length of 6300 kilometers." This is the results of previous research, has become a "common saying". Our country had in 1976, 1978, twice sent to the source of the Yangtze River investigation team to investigate. These two expeditions, the source of the hydrography and other conditions to make clear, confirm the upper reaches of the TuoTuo river TangGuLa mountain peak Geladandong snow mountain southwest of JiangGenDiRu glacier for the Yangtze River is the source. Thus, the Yangtze River is 6,395 kilometers long. The new length puts the Yangtze, China's first major river, in third place in the world. However, there are some expeditions that believe that the other main stream of the upper section of the Yangtze River, the Dangqu, is no less than one of the main sources of the Yangtze River. This statement is currently controversial, for this reason Mr. HuangXiaoWen in the summer of 1985 personally to tuotuo river and dangqu source inspection. Through fieldwork, the author wrote in the report: can be further proof, "ginger root Di such as the south side of the glacier is actually TuoTuoHe (Malqu) of the main source", when the qu is also the source of the Yangtze River, "when the qu is the source from the northeast of the KaShiGong ZhaRiShan through the foothills of the saddle ridge, the north of the Drag LaShan, the south is the Shaya Mountain (all Tibetan transliteration), there are streams flowing from the ravine, which is the longest." The author's conclusion is: "If this place for the calculation, when the source of the qu should be more than the Tuotuo River is much longer, the length of the Yangtze River should also be a new calculation."
This kind of investigation report is characterized by: the facts speak, by the facts themselves lead to a conclusion. Mr. Huang in the "source of the river" in all the facts to confirm their own correct conclusions, to correct some of the results of the investigation of the error. This report reads: "The source of Dangqu here is found to be quite different from the source of Dangqu mentioned in the relevant books. Xia Shemu Aba mountain in the southwest of the source of this dangqu 3 days Ma Cheng, where the east and west of the two small rivers named around the Dequ and Chatunqu, not the book said Duo Chaoneng or Damqu and so on. Xiashe day Aba mountain local name Azhixinuo. Another book said that the source of the mountain named Zararong, even more incorrect, because the local Tibetans are sure that Zararong for the Zachu (i.e., Lancang River) source, in the north of the Dangqu, Mo Yun commune of the west." The author in the test when the source of the qu is where, is also the facts of its investigation to speak: "check when the qu is the source of the xia sher day aba mountain about 120 to 150 kilometers to the north-east (according to the Tibetans said 3 days horse ride)", "we rode on horseback to investigate the most source for the swamps to store water gathered into the mainstream on both sides of each a shorter the same creek to meet. We rode to investigate the uppermost source is a swampy water reservoir, with shorter streams on each side of the main stream. When the qu water downstream about 10 kilometers to the Ka Shi Gong dam (about 4900 meters), is along the north to the south over a small hill (Tibetan name ZuoMiDang), and then folded westward to the wrong family of small areas, folded northwestern flow direction. To the west before the flow of another stream from the east will be, this can also be counted when the song another source, about 10 kilometers back to the southeast of the Kashigon dam, a mountain name I Le Shan, ditch name Shazha, the source of a small pool of water from the pool, about 1.5 meters long, 0.5 meters wide, the pool of small stones with yellow mottled, the water from the ground out, the intermittent flow of the brook."
The author's examination was extremely careful and meticulous, and the conclusions drawn from it are convincing.
Pan Yusheng wrote "three on the hit Gala" ① is also a verification-type inspection report. Through three days of thorough and meticulous investigation, the author "established the existence of the ophiolite suite representing the oceanic crust" and "clarified that the ophiolite suite of the Tagala ophiolite suite (2) consists of the upper pyroxene wall group to the lower stacked rock layers, and thus we can recover the process and natural environment of the ocean's onset, development, and extinction in the geologic history". The process of the occurrence, development and demise of this ocean in the geologic history and the natural environment in the beginning can be recovered.
The main feature of the "evidence-based survey report" is to draw correct conclusions from the facts of the survey to correct "generalizations" or to eliminate controversies or to confirm the results of the survey that have been unresolved for a long time. This kind of inspection report, people are accustomed to think of the "authentic" type of application inspection report.
3. Argumentative report
The task of this kind of report is to refute the wrong conclusions or statements by the author through the investigation, and to give people the right guidance. Mao Zedong's "Report on the Examination of the Peasant Movement in Hunan" is a good example of this kind of report.
This report was written mainly in response to the erroneous statements made by the Party and outside the Party at that time about the revolutionary struggle of the peasants. In order to refute the erroneous statements, Mao Zedong personally went to Hunan for thirty-two days to conduct an investigation, and through an in-depth investigation of the peasant movement that had risen up and was rising up, he summarized the fourteen major events under the leadership of the Peasants' Association, and from them drew a scientific conclusion that was in line with the law of the nature of the peasant movement: the peasant movement is "very good! ". "What Dr. Sun Yat-sen failed to do in his forty years of national revolution, the peasants did in a few months. This is a marvelous feat that has not been accomplished in forty years or even in thousands of years." The report refuted the wrong assertion of "very bad" and the so-called "excessive" and "gangster movement" with hard facts. This report gave a powerful rebuff to the right-leaning forces led by Chen Duxiu within the Party at that time, and at the same time provided sufficient scientific arguments for the correct understanding of the peasant movement both inside and outside the Party, and for the formulation of correct policies and guidelines for the leadership of the peasant movement of the ****production party, as well as very persuasive information for the correct handling of the peasant movement by the revolutionary authorities at that time.