The most representative liquor in China is liquor. From a certain point of view, China's liquor culture is liquor culture. In the west, mainly wine.

wineglass

The ancient wine vessels in China were famous for porcelain, bronzes and lacquerware. Chinese wine vessels are famous for their beautiful images and numerous decorations. Westerners pay attention to different wines, and the drinking utensils are different. So they have wine glasses, white wine glasses, red wine glasses, brandy wine glasses and so on.

Drinking etiquette

China's drinking etiquette is a respect for drinkers. Who is the host and who is the guest? There are fixed seats and a fixed toast order. When toasting, you should start to respect your host. If the host does not respect, others are not qualified to respect. If there is disorder, you will be punished. Western drinking etiquette shows respect for wine.

The purpose of drinking

In China, wine is often used as a tool. In the eyes of China people, wine is more used as a communication tool, so China's wine culture lacks scientific and systematic theoretical analysis and evaluation of wine itself, and pays more attention to the wonderful effect brought by drinking. In the west, the purpose of drinking is often very simple. Drinking is for tasting wine and drinking is for enjoying fine wine.

4 diet culture

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spirits culture

Wine culture is an important part of China food culture. Wine is one of the oldest foods in human beings, and its history almost begins with the history of human culture. Since the appearance of wine, as a kind of material culture, the forms of wine are various, and its development process is synchronous with the history of economic development. Moreover, wine is not only a kind of food, but also has spiritual and cultural value. As a kind of spiritual culture, it is embodied in social and political life, literature and art, and even people's attitude towards life and aesthetic taste. In this sense, drinking is not only drinking, but also drinking culture.

Hometown of wine

China is an ancient civilization in the Li Zhuo world and the hometown of wine. In the 5,000-year history of the Chinese nation, wine and wine culture have always occupied an important position. Wine is a special food, which belongs to the material, but at the same time it is integrated into people's spiritual life. As a special cultural form, wine culture has its unique position in China traditional culture. In the history of civilization for thousands of years, wine has almost penetrated into all fields of social life. First of all, China is a country based on agriculture, so all political and economic activities are based on agricultural development. Most of the wines in China are brewed from grain, and wine is closely linked with agriculture and becomes a part of agricultural economy. The prosperity of grain production is a barometer of the rise and fall of wine industry. According to the grain harvest, the rulers of various dynasties regulated the production of wine by issuing or opening bans, thus ensuring the people's food. In some places, the prosperity of wine industry has played a positive role in improving the living standards of local society. Alcohol is closely related to social and economic activities. Since the implementation of the national liquor monopoly policy in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the liquor monopoly fee or special tax collected from the brewing industry has become one of the main sources of national fiscal revenue. Wine tax revenue is also related to the military expenditure and war in history, which is directly related to the life and death of the country. In some dynasties, wine tax (or monopoly revenue of wine) was also related to corvee and other forms of taxation. The rich profits of wine often become the fat meat that countries, businessmen and rich people compete for. The alternation of different wine administrations reflects the comparative changes in the strength of all walks of life. The release of wine orders is often related to the change of dynasties, emperors and some major royal activities. As a special commodity, wine adds rich colors to people's lives. The ancients in China divided the functions of wine into three categories: wine for treating diseases, wine for providing for the aged and wine for giving gifts. For thousands of years, the role of wine is far more than these three, at least including: wine makes you happy, wine forgets your worries, and wine emboldens you.

Dionysian spirit

Wine, in the long history of human culture, is not only an objective material existence, but also a cultural symbol, that is, a symbol of Dionysian spirit.

In China, Dionysian spirit originated from Taoist philosophy. Zhuang Zhou advocated the unity of things and me, the unity of heaven and man, and the unity of life and death. Zhuang Zhou sang the song of absolute freedom, advocating "wandering things", "wandering around the world" and "land without things". Zhuangzi would rather be a free turtle shaking his head in a mud pond than a bound swift horse. The essence of China's Dionysian spirit lies in pursuing absolute freedom and forgetting the benefits of life and death, honor and disgrace.

There are striking similarities between world cultural phenomena. Dionysus, the god of grape cultivation and wine making, is the symbol of Dionysus in the west. In ancient Greek tragedies, the Dionysian spirit in the west rose to the theoretical level and was sublimated by the philosophy of German philosopher Nietzsche. Nietzsche believes that Dionysian spirit is a symbol of emotional catharsis, a survival experience of abandoning the traditional bondage and returning to the original state, and human beings have gained great pleasure in life in the desperate and painful cry of disappearing the unity of individuals and the world.

In the kingdom of literature and art, Dionysian spirit is ubiquitous, which has a great and far-reaching influence on literary artists and their masterpieces. Because freedom, art and beauty are trinity, art is born of freedom and beauty is born of art.

The artistic freedom gained by drunkenness is an important way for China ancient artists to get rid of bondage and gain artistic creativity. Liu Ling, a famous figure in Wei and Jin Dynasties and the first "alcoholic", said in Ode to Wine Virtue: "There is a gentleman who takes heaven and earth as the sky, ten thousand periods as a moment, the sun and the moon as a moment, and eight droughts as the DPRK." "The curtain is on the ground, which means so." "I was drunk, but I suddenly woke up. If you don't listen to thunder, you won't see the mountain shape. I can't feel the feeling of cutting muscles in cold weather and summer. Looking down on everything, it is like Jianghan duckweed. " This "people-oriented" realm is a typical embodiment of China's Dionysian spirit.