A method of controlling machine tool motion and its machining process with digital signal. 2. CNC machine tools adopt CNC machine tools. 3. Mechatronics refers to the main function of machinery, power function, electronic technology in information processing and control, which integrates mechanical devices and electronic equipment. Software technology is organically combined to form a complete system. 4. The open-loop system does not compare the control system of the input and output of the controlled object. 5. Closed-loop system This automatic control system includes power amplification and feedback, so that the output value closely responds to the input value. 6. Resolution The minimum resolvable interval between two adjacent scattered details. 7. Consistency between actual position and instruction position of positioning accuracy. 8. Repeatability Under the same conditions, the operation method is not bent, and the consistency of continuous results obtained through the specified number of operations. It can be expressed by the specified number of measurements and the error range with a probability of 95%. 9. Feedback In a closed-loop system, in order to compare with the input of the system, information about the state of the controlled object is sent back to the input end, which is called feedback. 10, interpolation numerical control system, according to a given mathematical function, such as linear. Arc and higher order function, a method to determine some intermediate points between known points on an ideal trajectory or contour. 1 1. The numerical control device used for numerical control (NC) continuously introduces numerical data during operation, thus realizing automatic control of a certain production process. 12, CNC machine tools If the operation instructions of the machine tool are described in the form of digital data, and the working process is carried out automatically according to the prescribed procedures, this machine tool is called a CNC machine tool. 13, the synchronization control axis is the number of feed servo axes synchronously interpolated for each trajectory. 14, PMC PMC axis control is a feed servo axis controlled by PMC (programmable machine tool controller). The control instruction is written in the program sequence (ladder diagram) of PMC, which is not convenient to modify, so this method is usually only used to control the feed shaft with fixed motion. In the 15, Cf axis control (T series) lathe system, the rotation position (angle) control of the spindle, like other feed shafts, is realized by the feed servo motor. This shaft is connected with other feed shafts and can interpolate and process arbitrary curves. In the 16, Cs copying control (T-series) lathe system, the rotary position (rotation angle) of the spindle is controlled by FANUC spindle motor instead of feed servo motor. The position (angle) of the spindle is detected by a high-resolution encoder (not a spindle motor) installed on the spindle. At this time, the spindle works as a feed servo shaft, and the moving speed is: degrees/minute, which can be interpolated with other feed shafts to process contour curves. 17. Rotation axis control sets the feed axis as the rotation axis for angular position control. The angle of a rotation can be set to any value by the parameter. FANUC system usually has only one feed shaft instead of the main shaft set as the rotating shaft. 18, the controlled shaft is separated and the designated feed servo shaft is out of CNC control, and there is no system alarm. Usually used for turntable control, this function is to unplug the turntable motor and remove the turntable when the machine tool is not using the turntable. 19, Servo Off uses PMC signal to turn off the power supply of the feed servo shaft, so that it can move freely by hand without CNC control, but CNC still monitors the actual position of the shaft in real time. This function can be used to control the movement of the workbench with a mechanical handwheel on a CNC machine tool, or to avoid the overcurrent of the feed motor when the workbench and the turntable are mechanically clamped. 20. Position Tracking (Follow-up) If the mechanical position of the workbench moves when the servo is turned off, stopped urgently or alarmed by the servo, a position error will appear in the CNC position error register. The position tracking function is to modify the position of the machine tool monitored by the CNC controller, so that the error in the position error register becomes zero. Of course, whether to carry out position tracking depends on the needs of actual control. 2 1, rotational (angular) position measuring element of incremental pulse encoder, installed on motor shaft or ball screw, sends out pulses at equal intervals to indicate displacement when rotating. Because there is no zero point on the code wheel, the position of the machine tool cannot be indicated. Only when the machine tool returns to zero and the zero point of the machine tool coordinate system is established can the position of the workbench or tool be displayed. It should be noted that there are two ways of signal output of incremental encoder: serial and parallel. The CNC unit has a serial interface and a parallel interface. 22. The rotation (angle) position measuring element of absolute pulse encoder has the same purpose as that of incremental encoder, but the difference is that there is an absolute zero point on the code disk of this encoder as the counting reference of pulses. Therefore, the count value can reflect the displacement and actual position of the machine tool in real time. In addition, the machine tool will not lose its position after stopping, and it can be put into processing operation immediately without zeroing after starting. Like incremental encoder, in order to match the interface of CNC unit, we should pay attention to the serial output and parallel output of pulse signal. (Early CNC systems did not have serial ports. ) 23. FSSB(FANUC serial servo bus) FANUC serial servo bus is a high-speed signal transmission bus between CNC unit and servo amplifier. An optical cable can transmit 4-8 axis control signals. Therefore, in order to distinguish each axis, relevant parameters must be set. 24. Simple synchronous control of two feed shafts, one is the driving shaft and the other is the driven shaft. The driving shaft receives the movement instruction of CNC, and the driven shaft follows the movement of the driving shaft, thus realizing the synchronous movement of the two shafts. CNC monitors the moving position of two axes at any time, but does not compensate the error between them. If the moving position of two axes exceeds the set value of parameters, CNC will give an alarm and stop the movement of each axis at the same time. This function is used for double-axis driving of large worktable. 25. Double drive control (series control) For a large workbench, when the torque of one motor is not enough to drive, two motors can be used, which is the significance of this function. One of the two shafts is the driving shaft and the other is the driven shaft. The driving shaft receives the control instruction from CNC, and the driven shaft increases the driving torque. 26.Synchrohouus control )( T-series dual-track system) The dual-track lathe system can realize two-axis synchronization of one track and two tracks. The synchronization control method is the same as the "simple synchronization control" mentioned above. 27. Compound control (T-series dual-track system) The dual-track lathe system can realize the exchange of axis movement instructions of two tracks, that is, the program of the first track can control the axis movement of the second track; The program of the second trajectory can control the axial movement of the first trajectory. 28. superposition control (t series double-track system) the double-track lathe system can realize the simultaneous execution of axis motion instructions of two tracks. The difference from synchronous control is that synchronous control can only send motion instructions to the driving shaft, while overlapping control can send instructions to both the driving shaft and the driven shaft. The motion of the driven shaft is the sum of its own motion and the motion of the driving shaft. 29.B-axis control (T series) B-axis is an independent axis added to the basic axis (X, Z) of the lathe system and used for turning center. Equipped with power spindle, it can realize drilling, boring or working with spindle at the same time, and realize the processing of complex parts. 30, chuck/tailstock baffle) (T series) This function is that there is a setting screen on the display screen of CNC, and the operator sets a tool restricted area according to the shape of chuck and tailstock to prevent the tip from colliding with chuck and tailstock. 3 1. Tool rest interference check) (T series) In the double-track lathe system, when machining a workpiece with two tool rests, this function can be used to avoid the collision between the two tool rests. Its principle is to set the minimum distance between two tool holders with parameters and check it from time to time during machining. Stop the feed of the tool rest before the collision occurs. 32. Abnormal load detection (abnormal load detection) Mechanical collision, tool wear or fracture will cause greater load torque to the servo motor and spindle motor, which may damage the motor and driver. This function is to monitor the load torque of the motor. When it exceeds the parameter set value, the motor will stop and reverse in advance. 33. When the manual handle interrupts the automatic operation, shake the handwheel to increase the moving distance of the moving shaft. Used to correct strokes or sizes. 34, Manual intervention and return (manual intervention and return) in the process of automatic operation, use feed pause to stop the feed shaft, and then manually move the shaft to a certain position to do some necessary operations (such as tool change), after the operation, press the automatic processing start button to return to the original coordinate position. 35, Manual absolute ON/OFF (manual absolute on/off) This function is used to determine whether the coordinate values of manual movement after feed suspension are added to the current position value of automatic operation. 36. Hand wheel synchronous feed (handle synchronous feed) In automatic operation, the feed speed of the cutter is not specified by the machining program, but synchronized with the rotation speed of the manual pulse generator. 37. Manual numerical control system designed a special MDI screen, through which motion commands (G00, G0 1, etc. ) and the movement of the coordinate axis are input by MDI keyboard, and these commands are executed by JOG (Manual Continuous Feed). 38. Spindle serial output/spindle analog output There are two interfaces for spindle control: one is to transmit data in serial mode (instructions from CNC to spindle motor), which is called serial output; The other is to output analog voltage as the interface of spindle motor instruction. The former must use FANUC spindle drive unit and motor, while the latter must use analog control spindle drive unit (such as frequency converter) and motor. 39. Spindle positioning (T system) This is a working mode of lathe spindle (position control mode). FANUC spindle motor and position encoder installed on the spindle are used to realize the positioning at fixed angular intervals on the circumference or at any angle of the spindle. 40, spindle Orientation (orientation) In order to position the spindle or change the tool, the spindle of the machine tool must be positioned at a certain angle in the circumferential direction of rotation as a reference point for action. This function of CNC is called spindle positioning. FANUC system provides the following three ways: positioning with position encoder, positioning with magnetic sensor and positioning with external rotation signal (such as proximity switch). 4 1, Cs contour control CS contour control is to change the spindle control of lathe into position control to realize the positioning of the spindle according to the rotation angle, and it can be interpolated with other feed shafts to process workpieces with complex shapes. FANUC series spindle motors must be used for Cs axis control, and high-resolution pulse encoders should be installed on the spindle. Therefore, the positioning accuracy of the spindle with Cs axis is higher than the above-mentioned spindle positioning accuracy. 42, multi-spindle control (Multi-spindle control) CNC in addition to controlling the first spindle, you can also control other spindles, up to four (depending on the system), usually two serial spindles and an analog spindle. The control command of the spindle is determined by PMC (ladder diagram). 43, rigid tapping tapping operation does not use floating chuck, but by the spindle rotation and tapping feed shaft synchronous operation. Every time the spindle rotates, the feed of the tapping shaft is equal to the pitch of the tap, which can improve the accuracy and efficiency. In order to realize rigid tapping, the spindle must be equipped with a position encoder (generally per revolution 1024 pulse), and the corresponding ladder diagram is required to be compiled and the relevant system parameters are set. Both milling machine and lathe (turning center) can realize rigid tapping. But the lathe can't realize the reverse attack of wire like the milling machine. 44, Spindle synchronous control (Spindle synchronous control) This function can realize the synchronous operation of two spindles (serial), in addition to the synchronous rotation of speed, it can also realize the synchronization of rotation phase. Using phase synchronization, the two spindles on the lathe can clamp irregular workpieces. According to the different numerical control systems, the synchronization of two spindles on one track can be realized, and the synchronization of two spindles on two tracks can also be realized. The spindle that accepts CNC instructions is called the spindle, and the spindle that rotates synchronously is called the slave spindle. 45. Simple spindle synchronous control (simple spindle synchronous control) Two serial spindles run synchronously. The spindle that accepts CNC instructions is the spindle, and the slave spindle that runs with the spindle. The two spindles can rotate at the same speed at the same time, and can simultaneously perform rigid tapping, positioning or Cs axis contour interpolation. Different from the above spindle synchronization, simple spindle synchronization cannot guarantee the synchronization of two spindles. Entering the simple synchronization state is controlled by PMC signal, so the corresponding control statement must be written in PMC program. 46. The controlled path number CNC control feed servo shaft (feed) group number. In the machining process, each group forms a tool path, and each group can move independently or in coordination at the same time. 47. Number of control axes (number of controlled axes) Total number of feed servo axes controlled by CNC/number of each track. Numerical control knowledge

Explanation of some terms in numerical control system

Computer aided design, CAD for short

Computer aided manufacturing

Computer aided process planning, CAPP for short, computer aided process planning.

CAE (Computer Aided Engineering), Computer Aided Engineering Analysis.

Enterprise Resources Planning

PDM product data management product data management is a product-centered technology that integrates all product-related information and processes in the production process of enterprises through computer network and database technology.

BPR (Business Process Reengineering): Re-consider and completely redesign business processes, so as to make breakthrough progress in key performance, such as cost, quality, service and response speed.

A BOM bill of materials is a structured parts list that describes an assembly, including a list of all subassemblies, parts and raw materials, as well as the quantity of materials needed to manufacture the assembly, such as man-hours, materials, equipment, tools, workshops, etc.

The abbreviation of MRP material requirement plan. MRP is a computer-aided production planning management system, which combines inventory management with production planning. It aims at reducing inventory and provides manufacturing managers with the means of material supply to meet the needs of production planning. It is developed on the basis of material requirements planning (MRP). It can not only work out the production schedule plan and material purchase plan of products and parts, but also obtain various financial information such as sales revenue, inventory capital occupation, product cost and so on directly from the system. It is a management information system covering all production resources of an enterprise.

Short for SCM supply chain management. The supply chain consists of suppliers, manufacturers, distribution networks and customers. Supply chain management is the management of logistics, capital flow, information flow, value-added flow and workflow in the supply chain.

The abbreviation of CRM (Customer Relationship Management). Automate and improve business processes related to customer relationship management in sales, marketing, customer service and support.

Finite element analysis is to divide an object into finite elements and connect them through finite nodes. The elements are regarded as inflexible rigid bodies, and the forces between elements are transmitted through nodes, and then the matrix of each element is established by using the energy principle. After inputting the boundary conditions such as material characteristics, load and constraint, the mechanical characteristics such as deformation, stress and temperature field of the object are calculated by the computer. Finally, the calculation results are analyzed to show the shape and stress distribution of the deformed object.

Numerical control, abbreviated as numerical control: refers to NC (numerical control) which uses discrete digital information to control the operation of machinery and other equipment.

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) refers to the use of computers as control devices in general numerical control systems.

B2C is a business-to-personal e-commerce model, which uses computer networks to make consumers directly participate in economic activities.

B2B is a business-to-business e-commerce, in which all transactions, such as ordering, selling and delivery, are conducted through e-commerce.

On the basis of business process (optimization) reorganization, enterprise informatization enterprises use computer technology, network technology and database technology in a certain depth and breadth to control and integrate all information in enterprise production and operation activities, realize the * * * enjoyment and effective utilization of internal and external information, and improve the economic benefits and market competitiveness of enterprises.

E-commerce refers to the realization of the electronization of the whole trade activities. In the scope of coverage, it can be defined as: any form of commercial transactions conducted by both parties through electronic transactions rather than face-to-face communication or direct interviews; Technically, it can be defined as: E-commerce is a multi-technology aggregation, including data exchange (such as electronic data exchange and e-mail), data acquisition (shared database and bulletin board system) and automatic data capture (bar code). Refers to a system that uses information technology to handle business activities. There can also be other names, such as e-commerce, internet trade, internet commerce, online commerce, online shopping and so on. Call it unified e-commerce.

Concurrent Engineering The essence of concurrent engineering is to fully predict the "performance" of products in manufacturing, assembly, sales, use, after-sales service, scrapping and recycling, find possible problems, and modify and optimize them in time.

Virtual manufacturing Virtual manufacturing is the application of Virtual reality technology in manufacturing industry. With the help of multimedia computer audio-visual technology and advanced sensing technology, virtual reality technology creates a scene, giving people an immersive "real" feeling.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing System CIMS Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS) is a new generation of manufacturing system under the condition of modern information technology. It uses the integration of computer-aided manufacturing system to integrate the design, technology, production workshop, supply and marketing, management and other departments of an enterprise into an organic whole, and carry out full and timely information exchange or information sharing, so that they can operate in coordination with each other, ensure the overall efficiency of the enterprise, and improve the competitiveness and viability of the enterprise.

Agile manufacturing (AM) means that manufacturing enterprises can seize market opportunities, dynamically reorganize production systems in time, and introduce profitable and user-recognized high-quality products to the market in the shortest time (relative to other enterprises). Connect local, remote and even foreign manufacturing enterprises or manufacturing resources (equipment, product design or process regulations) into a whole through computer networks and work together for the same purpose. If CIMS focuses on the integration and information exchange between various departments and links within an enterprise, agile manufacturing will develop into the integration and information exchange between enterprises. Enterprises connected by computer networks are called "virtual enterprises", and some Chinese documents are translated as "virtual enterprises".

The manufacturing system and process that imitates the organizational structure and operation mode of organisms are called "bionic manufacturing". In bionic manufacturing, people not only learn from nature, but also learn from their own organization and operation mode. If the mechanization and automation of manufacturing process extend human physical strength and intelligence, then "bionic manufacturing" extends human's own organizational structure and evolution process.

Green manufacturing Green manufacturing is a modern manufacturing mode that comprehensively considers environmental impact and resource efficiency. Its goal is to minimize environmental impact (negative effects) and maximize resource utilization efficiency in the whole product life cycle from design, manufacturing, transportation, use to scrapping. Green manufacturing is the embodiment of sustainable development strategy in manufacturing industry, in other words, green manufacturing is the sustainable development model of modern manufacturing industry. Obviously, the implementation of sustainable development strategy can not be separated from the adjustment of industrial structure of manufacturing industry and the revitalization and development of enterprises.

Rapid prototyping is a working process from three-dimensional to two-dimensional (software discretization) and then from two-dimensional to three-dimensional (material accumulation).

Three-dimensional modeling CAD has three levels of construction methods: wireframe, surface and solid, which correspond to the shape construction of one-dimensional line, two-dimensional surface and three-dimensional body respectively.