Zhu Yuanzhang's nicknames: Zhu Chongba, Zhu Xingzong and Zhu Hongwu. Font size: the word Guorui. Time: Ming Dynasty. Ethnic group: Han nationality. Birthplace: Zhongli, Haozhou (now Fengyang, Anhui). Date of birth: September 18th, the first year of the calendar (October 21th, 1328). Time of death: 11th day of May in the 31st year of Hongwu (June 24th, 1398). Main works: Poems of Lushan Mountain, Giving Four Immortals, Entering Buddha's Zen, Untitled, Baoguang Waste Tower, etc. Main achievements: overthrowing the Yuan Dynasty, establishing the Ming Dynasty, and initiating the rule of Hongwu.

for details about Zhu Yuanzhang, We will introduce you from the following aspects:

1. Zhu Yuanzhang's poems

Entering the Buddha's Zen, Untitled, Giving Four Immortals, Poems of Lushan Mountain, Untitled Chicken Crows and Pouts, Poems of Lushan Mountain, Bamboo Shadow of Lushan Mountain for Thousands of Years, Shepherd's Drum, Dongfeng Me. Baoguang Abandoned Pagoda, Zhong Shan You Shan Zhi Xuan, You Zhong Shan Yang Gu Fan Wang Jia, New Rain, You Zhong Shan, Yong Nan Yue, and Lu Monk Yun.

Second, family members

Grandfather: Emperor Xi Zuyu Zhu Chuyi's grandmother: Empress Yu Wang's father: Emperor Ren Zuchun Zhu Shizhen (formerly known as Zhu Wusi) Mother: Chen brothers and sisters of Empress Chun

Elder brother: eldest brother Nanchang Wang Zhu Xinglong (formerly known as Zhu Chongwu), second brother Xuyi Wang Zhu Xingsheng (Zhu Chongliu) and third brother Linhuai Wang Xingzu Zhu. Concubine: Sun Shi, the imperial concubine of Cheng Mu, is from Chenzhou. Brother Sun Fan, the adopted daughter of Marshal Ma Shixiong. Give birth to Princess Huaiqing. Posthumous title Chengmu Li Shufei, born in Shouzhou, is the father of Li Jie. There is no record in the history books that she gave birth to a prince, but some people think that Li Shufei gave birth to Zhu Biao, the prince of Yiwen, Zhu _, the king of Qin, and Zhu _ _, the princess of Jin Gong. She was a tribute woman in Korea (now North Korea), and some historians think that she was the biological mother of Zhu Di, the founder of Ming Dynasty, and Zhu _, the king of Zhou Ding. Ming tomb's deity in Records of Taichang Temple in Nanjing: "On the left, a Shu-fei Li gave birth to Prince Yiwen, King Qin Cheng and King Jin Gong, and on the right, a concubine gave birth to the Emperor Zuwen, who enjoyed the Yu Ling Temple and remained in the hands of the temple officials for 311 years." Hu Chongfei gave birth to Zhu Zhen, King Chu Zhao, and Zhaojing, posthumous title. Guo Ningfei is from Haozhou, with her father Guo Shanfu and her brothers Guo Xing and Guo Ying. Born Zhu Tan Guo Huifei, King of Lu Huang, Zhu Chun, King Zhu Gui, Princess Zhu _, Princess Yongjia, Princess Cui Huifei of Ruyang, posthumous title Zhuang Jinganrong, childless Hu Shunfei, King Zhu Bai Zhao Guifei, King Mo Zhu Zheng Anfei, King Shen Jian, Li Xianfei, Fuqing Princess, Zhu _ Liu Huifei, and Zhu Dongda, King Ying Jing. Born Zhu Zhi, the king of Liao, Yu Fei, the princess of Hanshan, Zhu Yang Fei, the king of Qingjing, Zhou Fei, the king of Ning Xian, Zhu _, the king of Min Zhuang, Zhu Song and Beauty Zhang, the princess of Baoqing. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, she was lucky to be the only one who was spared from martyrdom because her daughter was young. Life is unknown Gao, the son of Zhu, the king of Suzhuang

Prince

Preface

Name

King Feng

Mother's eldest son Zhu Biaoyi, Prince Wen, second son of Empress Xiaocigao, Zhu Qin, third son of Empress Xiaoci Wang Gao, Zhu Jin, fourth son of Empress Xiaoci Wang Gao, Zhu Di, Wang Xiaocigao, fifth son of Empress Zhu Zhou Dingwang, Zhu Zhen Chu Zhao Wang Hu Chongfei Seven Children Zhu Qi Gong Wang Da Dingfei Eight Children Zhu Zitan Wang Da Dingfei Nine Children Zhu Qi Zhao Wang Unknown Ten Children Zhu Tan Lu Huang Wang Guo Ningfei Eleven Children Zhu Chunshu Present King Guo Huifei Twelve Children Zhu Baixiang Present King, Hu Shunfei Thirteen Children Zhu Gui Present King, Yu Wang Guo Huifei Fourteen Children Zhu Su Zhuang Wang, and Hanwang Gao Zhuang Wang at the beginning. Chu Feng Wei Wang Hanfei Sixteen Sons Zhu _ Qing Jing Wang Yufei Seventeen Sons Zhu Quanning Xian Wang Yangfei Eighteen Sons Zhu _ Min Zhuang Wang Zhoufei Nineteen Sons Zhu _ Gu Wang Guo Huifei Twenty Sons Zhu Song Xianwang Han Zhou Fei Twenty-one Sons Mo Zhu Shen Jian Wang Zhao Guifei Twenty-two Sons Zhu Ying An Hui Wang Unknown Twenty-three Sons Zhu _ Tang Ding Wang Li Xianfei Twenty-four Sons Zhu Dong Ying Jing Wang Liu Huifei Twenty-five Sons Zhu (Mu Yi) Yi Li Wang Ge Lifei Twenty-six Sons. Note: eldest daughter Lin 'an Princess Cheng Muguifei Sun Shi Li Qi, Li Shanchang son two daughters Ningguo Princess Xiaocigao Empress Mei Yin, Mei Sizu son three daughters Chongning Princess unknown Niucheng four daughters Anqing Princess Xiaocigao Empress Lun Ou Yang five daughters Runing Princess unknown Lu Xian, Lu Zhongheng son six daughters Huaiqing Princess Cheng Muguifei Sun Shi Wang Zhenliang, Wang Ningzi seven daughters Princess unknown Li Jian has a son Li Zhuang eight daughters Fuqing Princess Anfei Zheng Zhang Lin, Zhang Longzi nine daughters Shouchun Princess unknown Fu Zhong, Fu Youde's children, ten women and ten princesses are unknown; eleven women, Princess Nankang, are unknown; Hu Haizi, twelve women, Princess Yongjia, Princess Zhenyi, Princess Hui, Princess Guo Town; Guo Yingzi, thirteen women, Princess XIII, Princess Zao, fourteen women, Princess Koryo, Princess Han Yin Qing, fifteen women, Princess Ruyang, Princess Hui, Princess Guo Xie Da, sixteen women, Princess Baoqing, Princess Zhang Xuanmiao, Zhao Hui

III. Anecdotal allusions

Three thousand Li Zhu One day, when he was sweeping the floor, he was tripped by the seat of Kuan ti, so he hit the broom of Kuan ti conveniently. On another occasion, the old monk saw that the candle in the hall was bitten by a mouse, so he reprimanded Zhu Yuanzhang in public. Zhu Yuanzhang thought, Kuan ti can't even control what is in front of him, how can he manage the palace? Even worse, I was scolded. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang wrote the words "sent to three thousand miles" behind the Garan God. All these reflect Zhu Yuanzhang's unwillingness to be oppressed. The theme clue of Liujia Shengdeng: (Taizu) The surname is Zhu, and he is descended from Zhu Rong. Zhu is red, which is the color of fire. Zhu Rong, the Vulcan, the son of Emperor Yan, has great honor in the world. The sacred lamp (flame) guided Zhu Yuanzhang to the top of the light: putting the ship's tip aside, he found that "ten doors and nine doors were unlocked, and the heaven and the door were not closed at night"-Daming Guangtian, blessed him to ascend to the throne of the emperor, and blessed him to return to Liujialing Mountain after 271 years of the Ming Dynasty. When the Ming Dynasty with four dishes and one soup was established, the people lived a hard life. The heroes will naturally enjoy themselves and it is natural to have some arrogance. However, Zhu Yuanzhang, who came up from the bottom of society, deeply knew the sufferings of the people and what those things meant. One day, he ordered a banquet for civil and military officials to celebrate the queen's birthday. The courtiers were very happy, thinking that they could relive the happy time of drinking in a big bowl, eating meat in large pieces, guessing boxing and getting drunk in the war years! But what they never dreamed of was that this banquet was something special-the first course was fried radish; The second course is fried leeks; The third is two bowls of green vegetables; The last course is chopped green onion tofu soup. Zhu Yuanzhang praised the benefits of each dish one by one: "Radish goes to the street, but the pharmacy has no business"; "Amaranth is green and green, and long-term stability will calm people's hearts"; "Two bowls of vegetables are as fragrant, and the sleeves are cool and cheerful"; "Onion tofu is green and white, fair and honest as the sun and the moon". Hearing this, the ministers suddenly realized. Zhu Yuanzhang also announced in public: "In the future, all the guests can only treat each other with' four dishes and one soup'. This time, the queen's birthday banquet is an example. Anyone who violates it will be hell to pay." Zhu Yuanzhang also created an ingenious lesson and supervision method, that is, he arranged a special person to blow a loud horn on the watchtower at midnight every day, and then sang loudly: "It is difficult for you, difficult for you, and difficult for you." It is difficult to start a business, and it is even harder to keep it. It is difficult to protect your family, it is difficult to protect yourself, it is difficult and difficult! " Every day, even if you are a pig's brain and can't remember things again, everything will be long, and this is the only big thing.

Fourth, political measures

politics

Clear away the powerful ministers. See: Hu Weiyong case and Lan Yu case. In the early Ming Dynasty, the bureaucracy basically followed the Yuan Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang carried out reforms. The first is to abolish the provincial system. In 1376, Zhu Yuanzhang announced the abolition of the province of books in the bank, and set up the department of propaganda and deployment, the department of commanders and envoys, and the department of sentencing and judges, which were responsible for the province of books in the bank, respectively. The three departments were separated and contained each other, preventing the local power from being too heavy. The key to the reform of central institutions is to abolish the prime minister system. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhongshu Province was responsible for handling world affairs, with the highest status. Its chief executive is the left and right prime ministers, who hold a high position. The prime minister is prone to conflict with the emperor, and Hu Weiyong was the most important in the Ming Dynasty. Hu Weiyong's power gradually increased, threatening the imperial power. And Hu Weiyong increasingly arrogant, slack in politics. Then, in 1381, Zhu Yuanzhang executed Hu Weiyong and related officials on the charge of bending the law without authority, and at the same time announced the abolition of Zhongshu Province, and there would be no more prime ministers in the future. In 1393, the Royal Guards commanded the participation in the Aquamarine rebellion, and Zhu Yuanzhang immediately had it taken down and interrogated by the official department. When Zhan Hui, the official minister, ordered Aquamarine to recruit his comrades, Aquamarine shouted, "Zhan Hui is my comrades!" After saying his word, the warriors took Zhan Hui down, and the judges were dumbfounded and stopped retrial. Three days later, Zhu Yuanzhang killed aquamarine, and then, it was a large-scale cleaning and implicating. Hu, blue two cases, before and after * * * killed forty thousand people. Cracking down on Corrupt Officials See: Guo Huan Case, Air Seal Case, Daguan Zhu Yuanzhang was born in poverty and was subjected to extortion by corrupt officials in the Yuan Dynasty since he was a child. Therefore, after he ascended the throne, he launched an "anti-corrupt official" movement all over the country, targeting corrupt officials at all levels from the central government to the local government. First of all, he killed officials who embezzled more than 62 taels of silver. When he found that Yu Wengui had hidden more than ten letters to curry favor with others and ask for help, he immediately sent someone to investigate the central ministries and local governments. The results showed that corruption was extremely serious from top to bottom. He was furious and immediately ordered the world: "To serve the sky and cherish the lives of the people, all officials who have taken bribes of more than 62 will be put to death and never lend money." He also said: As long as it is corruption, no matter who is involved, it will never be soft-hearted, and it will be investigated to the end. Secondly, from his side "Gao Qian" operation. In the six subordinate departments of Zhongshu Province in the early Ming Dynasty, a large number of old officials of the Yuan Dynasty and some heroes who started their rebellion were retained. They have nothing to hide, take bribes and bend the law. Zhu Yuanzhang punished these officials. Corruption cases handled by Zhu Yuanzhang in office

time

The main case is that officials of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs colluded with the local government in the fifteenth year of Hongwu, and privately filled in the false expenditure after stamping the blank statements in advance to enrich themselves and embezzle property. After Zhu Yuanzhang discovered it, he immediately executed all the officers in charge of the local government offices; The deputy chief used a hundred sticks to banish troops from the frontier. In the sixteenth year of Hongwu, Shang Shu, the minister of punishments, accepted a bribe of two thousand yuan from a death row family and used another death row as a scapegoat. He also extorted money and goods from other prisoners' families, and all 21 people in a family committed suicide. In the eighteenth year of Hongwu, it was found out that Guo Huan, assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, and various department doctors and foreign ministers formed a corruption gang with officials who paid taxes in the central government, and took the measures of overcharge and underpayment to embezzle state treasury materials and convert them into grain amounting to 24 million stones. Zhu Yuanzhang put all these corrupt officials to death, and all the people involved in the provinces, prefectures and counties were spared. In the eighteenth year of Hongwu, many officials of the Ministry of Industry took advantage of the construction of the palace to falsely report the number of craftsmen's labor days and overpaid ICBC, and deducted the craftsmen's silver for private use when distributing them. In a surprise inspection, Zhu Yuanzhang investigated and dealt with the cases of corruption and bribery of assistant ministers Han Duo and Li Zhen, and brought out the engineering department specially sent by the central government to supervise the Ministry of Industry. In the eighteenth year of Hongwu, Wang Zhi, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, took the opportunity of conscription as a way to make money, and accepted bribes of 232,111 yuan from hereditary military households who evaded military service. Zhu Yuanzhang sent him to the guillotine, too. In the 19th year of Hongwu, Langzhong and Yuanwailang, the punishments department, took bribes to falsely report their deaths and released two death row prisoners privately. These corrupt officials were all beheaded by Zhu Yuanzhang. In the 19th year of Hongwu, Zhang Xiang, assistant minister of rites, conspired with Xin Qin, a foreign minister, to embezzle the silver that the emperor gave to the princess for her wedding, and Zhu Yuanzhang caught him red-handed. In order to supervise the behavior of officials at all levels, Zhu Yuanzhang set up a post of censor and six subjects in Douchayuan. In the 19th year of Hongwu, Liu Zhiren, the censor of Douchayuan, was ordered to go to Huai 'an to handle a case. After he arrived, he deliberately dragged the case without trial, ate the plaintiff and the defendant, extorted a lot of money from the two families, and seduced a good family. He was executed by Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang also found out that there were 61 cases of corruption and bribery in six subjects, and dealt with them one by one. In the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu, Zhao Mian, the head of the household department, and his wife took bribes inside and outside, and hundreds of thousands of silver were caught. As a result, the husband and wife were beheaded. Thirdly, Zhu Yuanzhang used the cruel criminal law of "peeling and slapping grass" to deal with corrupt officials, and adopted torture such as picking tendons, breaking fingers, breaking hands and cutting knees. The criminal law of "peeling grass" is to drag those corrupt officials to the "skin temple" set up in every government, state and county to peel them, and then fill the skins with straw and lime, and put them next to the court table where the corrupt officials are executed, so as to warn the succeeding officials not to repeat the same mistakes, otherwise, this "smelly skin system" will be his end. This move shocked a group of officials and greatly restrained their behavior. Fourth, Zhu Yuanzhang will never tolerate the cadres he trained. In order to cultivate and promote new forces, Zhu Yuanzhang specially set up a talent-cultivating imperial academy to provide promotion opportunities for young scholars who have not entered the official position. He showed great affection for these new Jinshi and Guo Jian students, and often taught them to be loyal to the public and not be moved by selfish interests. However, in the 19th year of Hongwu, he sent a large number of Jinshi and Jian Zi to the grass-roots level to investigate the flood. As a result, 141 people accepted banquets, silver notes and local products. Zhu Yuanzhang sighed sadly when he killed them. Fifthly, Zhu Yuanzhang formulated a program to clean up corruption-Da Gao and A Brief Record of Awakening Corruption. The book Da Gao, compiled in recent two years, is a record of some corruption cases that he personally tried and judged. The book also expounds his attitude towards corrupt officials, handling methods and disposal methods. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the book to be widely publicized throughout the country; He also asked people to copy excerpts and paste them in conspicuous places on the roadside and in pavilions, so that officials could be self-disciplined after reading them and the people could deal with corrupt officials after learning. Sixth: allow the people to petition. There was also a unique system in the Ming Dynasty, which allowed people to turn over illegal officials. If the Ming dynasty officials were collecting taxes and grain and apportioning the officers to cheat, the people could either report it to the higher authorities or hand it over directly. For the people in the feudal era, it completely broke the traditional practice of "only state officials are allowed to set fire and the people are not allowed to light lamps". Giving the people the power to directly inspect and send officials is an unprecedented political initiative in the history of rule of law in China for thousands of years. Petition, in the Ming dynasty, was protected by the court. Not only that, but also the superior officials who should have received the visit but did not receive it should be punished according to law. In addition, Zhu Yuanzhang specially set up a "drum to express grievances" outside the noon gate. If the people have grievances and can't get justice in the local area, they can go to Beijing to drum directly and sue the imperial court. As the founding king, Zhu Yuanzhang severely punished corrupt officials with cruel laws. Its great determination, strong strength and precise measures have received a strong deterrent effect. From his accession to the throne to his death, Zhu Yuanzhang's campaign of "killing all corrupt officials" has never been weakened, but the phenomenon of corrupt officials has never been eradicated. In his later years, he can only issue "ruling at the dawn and committing crimes at the dusk, and ruling at the dusk is the same as in the morning; The corpse has not moved and people have followed the heel. The more you heal, the more you commit. " Lament. In his 31 years in power, Zhu Yuanzhang launched six large-scale anti-corruption campaigns, killing 151,111 corrupt officials. Centralized rule See Synonyms at: Royal Guards and Zhu Yuanzhang, the inspection department, sent a large number of secret agents named "Inspection School" to spy secretly. On one occasion, when Song Lian, a bachelor, went to court, Zhu Yuanzhang asked Song Lian if he had been drinking at home yesterday and which guests he had invited. Song Lian answered them truthfully. After listening, Zhu Yuanzhang said with satisfaction, "I didn't cheat you." In 1382, due to the need of monitoring officials, Zhu Yuanzhang changed the pro-army Duwei House, which was in charge of the imperial guards, into a Royal Guards, and granted the powers of reconnaissance, arrest, trial and punishment of criminals. This was a formal military secret service agency directly controlled by the emperor. It has its own court and prison, commonly known as "prison summons"