Summary on the calculation of evacuation width of store catering office exhibition

The topic of safe evacuation of public buildings has always been a very important and key issue in architectural design. The calculation of evacuation width can sometimes find a clear basis in the specification, but sometimes it is not clear which specification to apply, and different people have different understandings, which also causes the final calculated width to be different. The evacuation width is too large, occupying too much traffic area, and it is not economical. If the evacuation width is too small, there will be fire-fighting problems. This paper summarizes the calculation of evacuation width of several common building types.

1. Shops

At present, there are more and more large-scale store buildings in the market. Architects should appropriately grasp the norms and reasonably reduce the evacuation width to avoid wasting traffic area and economy.

calculation of evacuation width: at present, the calculation of evacuation width of large-scale store buildings is based on Building Code, Code for Design of Store Buildings (JGJ48-88) (hereinafter referred to as Business Code) and Code for Fire Protection Design of Civil Air Defense Engineering (GB51198-98).

The provisions of the Building Regulations are as follows: The number of evacuees in 5.3.17.5 stores shall be calculated by multiplying the building area of each business hall by the area conversion value and the number of evacuees conversion coefficient. The converted area of the above-ground shops should be 51% ~ 71%, and the converted area of the underground shops should not be less than 71%. The conversion coefficient of evacuation number can be determined according to Table 5.3.17-2; See Building Regulations for details of Table 5.3.17-1 2.

Determination of the building area of the business hall:

According to the provisions of Article 5.3.17.5 of the Building Regulations, "the building area of the business hall" includes the display shelves, counters, walkways and other places where customers participate in shopping, as well as the building areas of toilets, staircases and escalators in the business hall. Warehouses, equipment rooms, tool rooms and offices that are separated by fire prevention measures and do not need to enter the business hall during evacuation may not be included in this building area.

In architectural design, there is often no shop layout at the design stage, so the building area of the business hall cannot be accurately obtained. Can refer to the "business rules" for estimation.

article 3.1.1 of the "commercial regulations": the store building is divided into three parts according to the use function: business, storage and assistance. Traffic should be organized inside and outside the building, people and goods should avoid crossing, and there should be fire prevention and safety zones.

article 3.1.2: the distribution ratio of the building area of the business, storage and auxiliary parts of the store building can refer to the provisions in table 3.1.2.

article 3.4.1: the auxiliary part shall be set according to the size of the store and business needs. Including outward window, office business and employee welfare rooms, as well as various building equipment rooms and garages; The proportion of this part in the total building of the store can be stipulated in Article 3 1-2.

article 3.4.2: the office business and employee welfare housing area of the store can be calculated as 3-3.5m2 for each sales post.

article 3.2.2: the area of each sales area in the general business hall can be determined according to different types of goods and the busy degree of sales. The business hall area index can be calculated according to the average sales position of 15m2 (including the part occupied by customers); It can also be calculated as 1.35m2 per customer.

according to the above provisions, we can draw that the building area of the business hall = business area+(auxiliary area-office area). Office area = (3 ~ 3.5)/15x business area = 1/5 business area (whichever is smaller). Therefore, we can get the proportional relationship between the building area of the business hall and the total building area as follows: According to Article 3.1.2 of the Commercial Regulations.

building area > 1511 hours: 34%+(32%-1/5x34%)=59.2%

3111~15111 hours: 45%+(25%-1/5x45%)=61%

Building area < 3111 hours: 55%+(18%-1/5x55%)=84%

Calculation formula of evacuation width:

B=S(m2)×K1×K2×a (person /m2)xb(m/111 people)

Where: S is 59.2% 61% 84%

K2 is the converted value of the area of the above-ground buildings 51% ~ 71% and the converted value of the area of the underground buildings 71%. Table 5.3.17.5

b is the evacuation width of 111 people. Table 5.3.17-1

a is the store business hall. Table 5.3.17-2

If the total construction area of the second floor of the underground shop building is 15,111 square meters, the evacuation width is b = s× k1× k2× b× a = 15111x61 %× 71% x 1.81x1.75/111 = 38.43m

Then the evacuation width of each floor is:

B1, 2 = s× k1× k2× b× a = 4111m2× 61 %× (1.5 ~ 1.7 )× (1.85 person /m2)x(1.65m/111 person) = (6.74 ~ 9.44). m

B4＝S×K1×K2×b×a＝4111×61％×(1.5-1.7)×1.11×1.61/111＝(7.32-11.25)m