First, strengthen the reading of the language is the students usually read very little of a kind of article, which causes the students of the language of the language of the poor sense of language, which leads to the comprehension of the language of the language is not enough.
It is said that "the book read a hundred times, the meaning of the self", the language read more, the students' sense of language is strong, in the understanding of the language will become easy. In the review, the teacher can best guide the students to read the text a few times, and then the key words to point out, so you will receive twice the result with half the effort.
Second, strengthen the cultivation of students' self-study ability For the review of the language, the teacher can not "pack the whole scene", the reading ability of the language is not in the teacher's professor can improve, but students in the reading practice, constantly summarize, constantly summarize and gradually improve.
Teachers should summarize some of the methods of self-study to the students before self-study, so that students can use their own favorite and good at the method to understand the general meaning of the article, such as: the group word method, supplementation method, citing the method of annotation, guessing method, consulting the toolkit and so on. Students have these methods, the teacher can give a certain amount of time, let the students against the article for oral translation, there are difficult places to mark, after the end of self-study, and then through cooperative learning to solve the student's difficulties, and finally the teacher of individual difficulties to guide, so that the students in the process of self-study, master a variety of methods of reading the literary language, the examination will be used in the answer to the question.
Third, strengthen the generalization and summary of the literary text, there are many words, words belonging to the ancient and modern words, and the word more than one meaning, one meaning more than one word, and so on, and these words and words often appear in the examination paper, so the teacher in the organization of the review of the literary text, it should be let go of the students themselves to generalize, summarize. Teachers can use the teacher demonstration method, that is, the teacher of each type of words, words to give five to ten examples, and then the students will be junior high school six books of similar words and then five to ten, and finally give a certain amount of time to the organization of the students in the class to exchange.
By summarizing, summarizing and exchanging, it is useful to improve the overall reading ability of students. Fourth, strengthen the training of the textbook in the literature, after all, students have learned, reading is certainly easier, such as limited to the textbook in the literature reading is far from enough.
Teachers should also be outside the textbook to find some of the moderate difficulty of the literary passages, so that students use the accumulated reading skills, to carry out certain training, through training, so that students to check their own accumulation of whether sufficient, their reading skills are skillful mastery. Fifth, the content of the literature reading review and answer skills The new curriculum standards require: recitation recitation of ancient poems and light literature, can understand the content with the help of toolkits, recite a certain number of famous (must memorize 16 ancient texts).
And can consciously in the accumulation, perception and application, to improve their own appreciation of taste and aesthetic taste. Throughout the recent years of the examination, the examination of the literary content is mainly focused on the following aspects: word interpretation, sentence breaks, sentence translation, point of view, character evaluation, etc. 1, word interpretation of the answer to the question skills, sentence translation from the usual review and accumulation.
The explanation of the words in the class, pay attention to not writing misspelled words. The review of literary words should be strengthened on the basis of understanding and memorization, to understand the meaning of words in context, and to find out the relevant rules of memorization through comparison and generalization.
The mastery of the meaning of the words in the classroom is the most basic preparation for the extracurricular reading of the literary text 2, the law of sentence breaks and answering the questions The rhythm of the recitation of the literary text is generally divided according to the meaning of the principle of not breaking the sentence, there are roughly the following cases: 1), according to the word breaks Example: Floating light / leaping gold, quiet shadow / sinking wall 2), between the subject of the predicate breaks the sentence Example: Fish in the pool / can be a hundred head. 3), the hair of the words after the pause.
Examples: Gai/Yu's hard work and hard as this. 4), the beginning of the sentence after the word connecting the pause.
Example: The scenery of the four seasons is different, and the / joy is endless. 5) Pause before prepositions.
Example: San Gu Chen / in the hut. 3, the answer to the question of the translation of the statements of the literary language skills .
The translation of the literary text into modern Chinese is an effective means of testing whether the candidates have the ability to read the shallow literary text, which focuses on the ancient Chinese language form of the examination, but because it also involves the content, and therefore is a comprehensive means of examination in the reading of the Chinese language in the examination. The first is to make sure that you have a good understanding of the language and its meaning.
The so-called letter, refers to the accuracy, faithful to the original, with modern Chinese word for word, sentence for sentence, straight translation, can not arbitrarily add or subtract content.
By this, I mean that the translation is smooth, clear, and standardized.
The so-called elegance refers to the ability to accurately express the content, form, and style of the original text in modern Chinese that is concise, beautiful, and literate. This is the highest requirement for translating a literary text into modern Chinese.
From the characteristics and purposes of the examination, the translation of the Chinese language in the examination is always based on direct translation, and Italian translation can only be a secondary way. The direct translation here refers to the implementation of the words and phrases of the original text into the translation, including the characteristics of the original words and phrases and the expressions used.
The translation of literary texts in the classroom is based on understanding and memorization, and the translation of literary texts outside the classroom should also master the following specific methods on the basis of the original accumulated knowledge.1) Retention.
That is, to retain some of the basic vocabulary in the literary text, proper nouns, such as the ancient name of the country, the name of the dynasty, the number of years, the name of the person, the name of the place, the name of the official, the name of the political district, as well as the artifacts, the measurements, canonical systems, such as the name of the proper name. These words do not need to be translated and are retained as they are.
Example: \"Nanyang Zhuge Lu, West Shu Ziyunting\" in the "Nanyang" and "West Shu" as a place name do not need to be translated. 2) Complementary.
Mainly includes the following two cases: a, in the literary text is a monosyllabic word, modern Chinese has become a compound word to be made up into a compound word. For example: "rate his wife and Euphrates to this desperate situation" in "wife" to be translated into "wife and children".
b. The omission in the Chinese text should be made up according to the modern Chinese custom. For example, the phrase "if you are going to fight, please allow me to go with you" was translated as "if you are going to fight, please allow me to go with you".
3) Change. There are a lot of words in the literary text, although still used in modern times, but not the ancient meaning, the translation should be the ancient meaning.
Example: The first emperor did not take me mean (translated as low status, see the ground), obscene from the wrong, three Gu minister in the hut. 4) delete.
Some of the false words in the literary language, modern Chinese language has no equivalent word, or there is no need to translate out, after translation, but will cause the smoothness of the statement, such false words can be deleted without translation. Example of the first sentence of the hair of the word, sentence.
2. The word less moral to have translation to have the original more to haveZhengren buy shoes (Warring States) Han Fei Zi original: Zhengren want to buy track, the first since the degree (duó) its feet, and set its seat. When he arrives at the market, he forgets to do anything. When he had already gotten the shoes, he said, "I forgot to hold the dù." He returns to get it. And then I returned. When the market is over, I can't do anything. The man said, "Why don't you try it on your feet?" He said, "I would rather believe in the degree than the confidence." Translation: There was a man from Zheng who wanted to buy shoes. He first measured his feet and then put the measured size on his seat. When he was ready to go to the market, he forgot to take the measurements. Having already gotten his shoes, he said, "I forgot to bring the measurements." So he goes back to get his measurements. By the time he returned, the market was closed, and he ended up going home unhappy that he hadn't gotten his shoes. Someone asked, "Why don't you just try them on with your feet?" (He) said, "I would rather trust the measured size than my own feet." Zheng Ren Buying Shoes is an idiom, an allusion, and a fable, which tells the story of a Zheng man who couldn't buy shoes because he had too much faith in the "measurements". It tells people to be practical and flexible, and not to stick to dogma. This Zheng man made the mistake of being dogmatic. He only believed in the size of his feet, but not his own feet, and not only made a big joke, but also could not even buy shoes, and became a laughing stock. In real life, buying shoes only believe in the foot size and not believe in the foot of the thing, may not have it? But similar to such a person, but there are indeed. Some people speak, do things, think of the problem, only from the books, not from the actual starting point; books written, he believes, books are not written but actually exist, he does not believe. In the view of such people, only the book is the truth, not written on the truth is not. In this way, of course, the idea will be rigid, action will be hit the wall.
3. Some TranslationsFull Translation of "High Mountains and Flowing Water"
Legend has it that the pre-Qin qin master Bo Ya once played the qin in the deserted mountains, and the woodcutter Zhong Ziqi was able to comprehend that it was a portrayal of the "lofty aspirations of the high mountains" and the "oceanic aspirations of the flowing water". ". Bo Ya was shocked and said, "Good, Zi Zhi's heart is the same as mine." After the death of Ziqi, Bo Ya lost his soulmate, and broke the strings of his zither, so he never played it for the rest of his life, so there was the song of "High Mountains and Flowing Water".
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Yu Bo Ya, who was a famous qin master, and was well versed in music. When Yu Bo Ya was young, he was smart and studious, and he studied under the tutelage of a great master, and his zither skills reached a high level, but he always felt that he could not express his feelings about various things in a mesmerizing way. Knowing his thoughts, Bo Ya's teacher took him to Penglai Island in the East China Sea by boat, so that he could enjoy the scenery of nature and listen to the sound of the waves of the sea. When Bo Ya lifted his eyes and looked out, he saw the waves surging and splashing; the sea birds flying and chirping in his ears; the mountains and trees, lush and green, as if he had entered a fairyland. A wonderful feeling arose, as if the ear clucked up the harmony of nature's music. He couldn't help but take the zither and play, and the sound turned freely, melting the beauty of nature into the sound of the zither, and Boya experienced a realm he had never known before. The teacher told him, "You have learned."
One night Bo Ya took a boat trip. In the face of the breeze and the moon, he thought a lot, so he played the zither again, and the sound of the zither was melodious, and he gradually got into a better state. Suddenly, someone on the shore called out. Bo Ya heard the sound out of the boat, only to see a woodcutter standing on the shore, he knew that this person is the soulmate immediately invited the woodcutter on board, excited to play for him. Bo Ya played a tune in praise of the mountains, and the woodcutter said: "That's great! Majestic and dignified, as if towering over Mount Tai!" When he played a tune expressing the surging waves, the woodcutter said, "How wonderful! Wide and voluminous, as if seeing the rolling water, the boundless sea in general!" Boya was excited and said excitedly, "You are my soulmate! You are really my soulmate." This woodcutter was Zhong Ziqi. From then on, they became very good friends.
Translation of Han E's Song
Once upon a time, a Korean singer named Han E went to Qi, a country located in the east, but she didn't want to be cut off from her money and food halfway there, which made her basic life difficult. In order to get through this difficult time, she passed through the Yongmen in the west of the capital city of Qi, it will sell singing in exchange for food. Han E sang, emotion is quite devoted, so that after she left the place, her wonderful sound still seems to be in the beams of the city gate between the lingering, even to three days; whoever has listened to Han E singing, are still immersed in the artistic atmosphere she created, as if she had not left the same.
One day, when Han E came to an inn to stay, the shopkeeper, seeing her poor, humiliated her in public. The company's newest product is a new product, which will be available for sale in the near future. The sound of her crying spread out, and even make people within a mile radius, no matter men and women, old and young are moved, everyone tearful eyes to each other, sad brow, everyone is so sad that three days can not eat. The people found out, and went after her, and invited her to come back and sing for the people again. Han E's enthusiastic singing attracted the old people and children within a mile to cheer and applaud, and everyone was immersed in the joy, which swept away many of the sorrows and sufferings of the past. In order to thank Han E for bringing them joy, everyone gave Han E a lot of money and gifts, so that she returned home full of money.
The Duke of Huang was a humble man
In Qi, there was a Duke of Huang who was humble. He had two daughters, both of whom were of great beauty. He had two daughters, both of whom were of great beauty, but they were often ruined by his humble words, thinking them to be ugly. The name of ugliness spread far and wide, and there was no hiring person in a country after the year was over. There is a widower in Wei, when I risked marrying him, the fruit of the state color. Then said: "Huang Gong good modest, so ruined his son not Shu Mei." So the competition for the gift, but also the national color. National color real also, ugly name
Qi has a Huang Gong, like modesty. He had two daughters, both of whom were rare beauties in the country. As they were very beautiful, Duke Huang often used humble words to disparage them, saying that they were ugly. The reputation of ugliness spread far and wide, so that they passed the appropriate age of marriage and no one in the country came to marry them.
There was a widower in Wei who took the liberty of marrying one of his daughters, who was a beautiful woman, and later said to everyone, "The Duke of Huang was fond of modesty, and intentionally belittled his daughters, saying that they were unattractive on purpose."
So people scrambled to send gifts and proposals to marry the other one, who was likewise a beauty of unparalleled beauty.
The color of the country is the truth, and ugliness is the name; it is against the name to get the truth.
Full Translation of Buying a Casket and Returning a Pearl
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a merchant in Chu who specialized in selling jewelry. Once, he brought a batch of jewelry to the state of Zheng to sell, in order to attract customers to buy, he thought of a way to solicit customers.
He chose some top-grade orchid wood, made many exquisite small boxes, and carved a delicate rose pattern on the outside of the box, surrounded by inlaid with many colorful feathers. He thought that if he put the jewelry in such exquisite little boxes with strange fragrance, the people of Zheng would be attracted to buy the jewelry.
So the jeweler took these goods to Zheng with great hope. After arriving in Zheng, he went to the most prosperous and lively market to show his jewelry. As expected, many people immediately gathered around to stop to watch and admire. And one Zheng people saw such a beautifully decorated box, did not hesitate to buy a box, open the box to return the jewelry inside the jeweler, very happy to go away.
4. Translate some of the literary textsThe Records of the Yueyang Mansion
Fan Zhongyan Original text In the spring of the fourth year of the Qingli period, Teng Zijing was banished to guard the county of Baling.
The more (and, to) the next year, the political and human peace, a hundred wastes with (with "all" full, all) rise. It is to repair the Yueyang Tower, increase its old system, engraved Tang Xian now people poems and gifts on it.
Genus (with "will") I essay to remember. I see that the Baling victory (good scenery), in the Dongting Lake.
The armature of the distant mountains, swallowing the Yangtze River, Haohao Tangtang (water waves volatile look), horizontal (far) boundless (border) end; sunshine (sunlight) and yin, the weather thousands of. This is a great view of Yueyang Tower.
The previous statement is ready. However, the north through the Witch's Gorge, the south pole (all) Xiaoxiang, moving guests, more than will be here, to see the feelings of things, there is no difference? If the heavy rain (continuous rain) fall, even the month is not open (clearing), the wind is furious, turbid waves row air (to the sky); the sun and stars are hidden, the mountains submerged shape; business travelers can not, masts and oars destroyed; thin (approaching) twilight meditation, the tiger whistles and apes cry.
The building is also boarding the building, there is a country of nostalgia, worry about the slander and ridicule, full of depression, the feeling of extreme sadness is carried out. If the spring and Jing (daylight) Ming, waves, up and down the sky, a blue hectare; sand gulls gathered, Kam Kam scales (beautiful fish) swimming; Angelica dahurian orchid, lush green.
And or long smoke a sky, the moon thousands of miles, floating light jumping gold, quiet shadow sinking jade, fishing songs and answering each other, this music how extreme! Deng Si Lou also, there is a happy heart, favor and shame together with forgetting, put (hold) wine in the wind, the joy is carried out. Contempt! I tasted (once) seek (explore) the heart of ancient benevolence, or different from the two for, why? Not to things like, not to their own sadness; living in the temple of the high is worried about its people; in the far side of the lake is worried about its ruler.
It is also worrying to be in, and worrying to be out. But when is it time to be happy? It must be said that "the world is worried first, after the world's happiness and joy".
Well! Micro (no) people, who I return with (return to?). The first is the first time that a person has to go back to his or her home country to get a job. In the spring of the fourth year of Song Renzong's Qingli, Teng Zijing was relegated to Yuezhou as a governor.
By the second year, the government was smooth, the people were happy, and many things that had been neglected were organized. So rebuilt Yueyang Tower, expanding its original size, on the upper floor of the engraving of the Tang Dynasty celebrities and contemporary poetry.
I was asked to write an article to write about it. I viewed the wonderful scenery of that Yuezhou, all in the Dongting Lake.
It contains the mountains in the distance, swallowing the water of the Yangtze River, the water is vast, boundless, the sun shines in the morning, the evening Yin Qi condensation, the scene is ever-changing. This is the majestic sight of Yueyang Tower.
The account of the former is already exhaustive. Since this is the case, then the north side leads to the Wu Gorge, the south side until the Xia Shui and Xiangjiang River, demoted officials and poets to and fro, most of the gathering here, viewing the natural scenery produced by the feelings can not be different? If the continuous rain continued to rain for many consecutive days without clearing, miserable wind howling, turbid waves rushing white sky; the sun and the stars lost their light, the mountains hide the traces; merchants and travelers can not be traveled, masts down, oars broken; the evening sky dark, tigers roar apes and monkeys cried sadly.
At this time on this building, will leave the capital miss home, worried about the slander of the traitor, afraid of the ridicule of the bad man, full of depression and cold, extreme feelings and grief and indignation of all kinds of emotions. In the spring sunny, sunny, waves do not, blue sky and water color, a turquoise vast; flocks of gulls, sometimes flying sometimes stop, beautiful fish, sometimes floating, sometimes dive; shore of the herbs, orchids on the island, the aroma is strong, color green.
Sometimes a large area of smoke completely dissipated, the bright moon shines on a thousand miles of land, floating moonlight like a glittering golden light, the quiet shadow of the moon is like the present white jade, the fisherman's song sang with each other, the joy of which there is no end! At this time to climb the Yueyang Tower, there is the heart open, the spirit is happy; honor and disgrace are forgotten, raise the wine in the wind, happy and all kinds of feelings and demeanor. I have explored the thoughts and feelings of ancient people of high moral character, perhaps different from the above two kinds of thoughts and feelings of the performance, why? They are not because of the good or bad of external things and their own gains and losses and either happy or sad, in the court as a high official to worry about his people; in the remote rivers and lakes to worry about his king.
This is to worry about the people when they are in the court, and to worry about the king when they are in a remote place. So, when will they be happy? They must have said, "Worry before the sorrow of the world, and be happy after the joy of the world".
Alas! If there were no such people, with whom would I join? Written on the 15th day of the 9th month of the 6th year of the Qingli reign (1046) A Memoir of the Drunken Pavilion The city of Chuzhou is surrounded on all sides by mountains. The mountains to the southwest of it, the woods and valleys are especially beautiful, and from afar the trees are lush and deep and beautiful, it is Mount Langya, ah.
Along the mountain road six or seven miles, gradually heard the sound of gurgling water, (and see a stream of water) from the two mountains flying down, is the brewing spring ah.
Who built the pavilion? The monk in the mountains, Zhixian. The name was given to it by a monk in the mountains. It was the governor who called it by his own alias.
The governor and guests come here to drink, drink less but always drunk, and the oldest, so he gave himself an alias called "drunken man". Drunkard's heart is not in the wine, but in the mountains and water ah.
The pleasure of traveling and enjoying the landscape, the feeling of the heart and put it on the wine. To say that the sun came out and the forest fog dispersed, smoke and clouds gathered and the valley cave dim, this alternating dark and light changes in the scene, is the morning and evening in the mountains.
Wildflowers open up and emit a subtle fragrance, beautiful trees are full of foliage and a dense shade, the autumn wind, sunny weather, frost and dew white, the water flow is reduced, the stone ***, this is the four seasons of the mountain scenery. In the morning on the mountain, return in the evening, the four seasons of the scenery is different, and that happiness is endless.
As for the people carrying things on the road singing, walking people resting under the trees, the front of the shout, the back of the answer, the old man stooped down, the child by the adults holding the lead, back and forth, endless, is the Chuzhou people's outing ah. To the stream to fish, stream water deep fish fat; with spring water to brew, spring water sweet wine water clear, mountain game vegetables, miscellaneous placed in front of, this is the wine feast ah Taishou.
The fun of the wine banquet, no orchestral instruments (to cheer), pot-throwing pitched, playing chess won, wine cups and wine chips miscellaneous *** wrong, get up and sit down loud and noisy, is the appearance of the guests happy. The face is pale and.
5. 越人溺鼠古文翻译越快越越好越人溺鼠 The rat is good at night stealing corn, the Vietnamese put corn in the ounce, wanting the rat to rodent disregard. The rats call for a group of people to enter the country and live off the land. The Yuezhi were easy to corn, floating chaff over the water, and the rats did not know it. At night, they called the rats to come in again, and they drowned. This article is from the "Book of Yan", the general idea of this article is: rats like to steal food at night. A man in Yue put the grain into a container with a big belly and a small mouth, and let the rats eat it without caring about it. The mouse called its companions to jump into the ounce, and would not go back until it had eaten a full meal. The Vietnamese then emptied the ounce of grain, replaced it with water, and covered the water with a layer of chaff. The rats did not know what was going on, so at night they called their friends to jump into the ounce one by one, and they were all drowned. This story is very simple, but it tells us a truth: there is nothing difficult, only fear of the person who has the heart. Against some animals like rats and so on, do not worry about the rats for the wrongdoing, the key to pay attention to deal with the details of the problem, the best way is to bait the rats, so that its self-righteousness, so that their own demise .