First, save the memory in the 13th Middle School.
Memories of establishing the thirteenth middle school in the province
Liu Shaoqing
The 13th Middle School of Shandong Province was founded in Zhucheng in the autumn of 193 1 and closed at the end of 1937. For seven years, I served as the principal of the school from beginning to end. This year marks the 55th anniversary of the founding of the school, and I am eighty-nine. Whenever I recall the school scene and teaching life of that year, I will feel nostalgic. I want to record my personal experience in No.13 Middle School in my lifetime and dedicate it to enthusiastic readers.
Be ordered to build a school.
193 1 in may, one day, when I was the director of education at the first women's normal school in the province, he Siyuan, director of the provincial education department, talked to me to the effect that the province decided to establish a complete middle school with six-year compulsory education in Zhucheng and transfer you to be the principal so as to recruit some students that year. The school is located in the center of several counties in southeastern Shandong, so it must be run well. He also said that in order to build this school, Zhu and Gao counties can't compete. Gaomi wants to pay 50 thousand (silver), and Zhucheng can only pay 20 thousand. Finally, the cities fought for it. He didn't talk about the reason why Zhucheng fought for it. My estimation is that apart from the moderate geographical location of Zhucheng, it is likely to be related to the martyrs of the Kuomintang, such as Wang Leping and Lu Youyu (both of whom are from Zhucheng). I am no stranger to Zhucheng. Lu You, a classmate who goes to school in Provincial No.1 Middle School, is from Zhucheng. Teacher Li, the head teacher of No.1 Middle School, is also from Zhucheng. Deng Dengshan, my father's best friend, was a county magistrate in Zhucheng in the early years of the Republic of China. There are many famous scholars in Zhucheng in past dynasties. In my impression, it is an outstanding place. So as soon as I heard that I was going to Zhucheng, I agreed.
After a short preparation, Yin Huiquan and I went to Zhucheng. Yin Huiquan is my hometown in Liaocheng and my father's brother. This man is honest, honest and capable. Deng Dengshan worked as a teacher when he was a county magistrate in Zhucheng, and he was familiar with the customs of Zhucheng. It is ideal to choose him as my school assistant.
When I arrived in Zhucheng, I met the county government and the Kuomintang county party department, and they all welcomed me. Li Wenli, the county magistrate, said that it is the long-cherished wish of Zhucheng people to establish a middle school, and I will help them wholeheartedly, and I will spare no effort in any difficulty. Xu XX, secretary of the county party committee, and uncle Lu Qian are also very supportive. The student of my female teacher in Jinan is really my brother, and Lu is Lu Youyu's brother. After a long talk, they are all willing to do their best as landlords and work hard to establish "No.13 Middle School".
The school site is located in the old Confucian Temple in the southeast of the city, where there are ancient buildings such as Dacheng Hall, Minglun Hall, and Tibetan Classics Pavilion, as well as the "Nine Rooms" built by the old warlords. Although there are not many houses, the location is quiet and spacious (about 70 acres), which is an ideal place. It is planned to build an ordinary middle school here, 18 classes with more than 700 students. After the school site was determined, the county finance bureau, the education bureau, the construction bureau and the county party department and other related units formed the school construction Committee, with me as the director, and quickly organized human and material resources for construction. By the end of August, two classrooms, some staff offices and dormitories had been built, and first-class students from two classes had been enrolled. The school officially opened on 10. After the "September 18th Incident", due to the shortage of funds, the school was transformed into a junior middle school, and its scale was reduced to six classes. Since then, I have been teaching while building a school, and I have enrolled two classes every year. By 1936, the school was renamed Zhucheng Junior High School in Shandong Province.
Establishment of organizational structure and appointment of teaching staff
According to the regulations of the Provincial Department of Education, the school implements the principal responsibility system, and the normal work of the school is led by the principal. In case of major problems, the headmaster called all the staff to discuss and decide. Under the leadership of the principal, the school has three departments: educational administration, discipline and affairs, each with a director and one or two staff members in charge of teaching business, students' thoughts and administrative affairs. In addition, there is a boy scout coach and a female instructor. Under the direct leadership of the headmaster, they are responsible for training boy scouts and guiding female students.
At that time, the school implemented the appointment system for faculty and staff, except for the principal and the scout coach who were appointed directly by the Provincial Department of Education, the rest were appointed by the principal. In order to make this middle school rank last in the province, I have been thinking a lot about hiring teaching staff since I was appointed. The conditions for selecting talents are: college degree, real talent, knowledge, certain teaching experience and competence. The way to choose talents is mainly from my classmates, colleagues, fellow villagers and friends, and some are recommended by others.
More than 30 faculty members employed by the whole school successively, most of whom graduated from undergraduate courses with relatively high level. For example, Cui, the subject director, is my classmate in Provincial No.1 Middle School. I graduated from Peking University, and we are very close. 1924, I joined the Kuomintang at the same time through the introduction of Lu Youyu. Jiang Shouqian, director of the Academic Affairs Office, graduated from the Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University and served as the director of the Academic Affairs Office of Provincial No.1 Middle School with outstanding teaching achievements. 1932 When he left No.1 Middle School, I hired No.8 Middle School in Yantai and No.1 Division in Jinan at the same time, and he volunteered to follow me to No.13 Middle School. Sun Beiwu, a history teacher, is my classmate in Beijing Normal University. He is a mature and steady person, knowledgeable and proficient in English. He is a rare good teacher. Xin Xingyuan, a physics and chemistry teacher, graduated from the Department of Physics and Chemistry of Beijing Normal University. He attaches great importance to students' practice and instructs students to make simple instruments when there are not many physical and chemical instruments. There were few radios at that time, so he assembled a five-tube radio himself. Zhang Yutan, a graphic artist, is not only a famous Chinese painter in the province, but also good at military music. He is the founder of the military music in No.13 Middle School. Qi Zhe, a PE teacher, graduated from Shanghai East Asia Institute of Physical Education. He is a versatile person in sports. He enthusiastically guided students to carry out sports activities, and many ball games and track and field athletes appeared. Teachers who have taught in all subjects in the past seven years are competent for their respective jobs. There has never been an incident in which students promoted teachers, and there has never been an incident in which they were dismissed for incompetence. At that time, the treatment of faculty and staff was mainly based on the number of hours of teaching. The monthly salary of the principal was One Happy and Fifty yuan, and there was no extra salary for part-time classes within six hours a week. The monthly salary of the director is 60 yuan, plus one hour of 5 yuan per week for part-time courses. Teachers in all subjects teach for one hour every week, with a monthly salary of five yuan. Generally, if you teach for 20 hours a week, you can get a salary of 100 yuan a month. Part-time teachers receive a monthly subsidy of 10 yuan. The monthly salary of the staff is 40 yuan, and the part-time courses are paid according to the teaching hours, just like the teachers. The implementation of the timing system has aroused the enthusiasm of the teaching staff and enabled people to give full play to their talents.
Strictly study and cultivate talents
Since its establishment, No.13 Middle School has adhered to strict study and has a strict system of work and rest, attendance and examination. The school holds a collective flag-raising ceremony every morning, then runs for twenty minutes, lowers the flag at night, studies for two hours at night, and lights out at nine o'clock. Commemorative week is held every Monday, the national anthem is sung, the will of the Premier (Sun Yat-sen) is read, and the principal speaks. Clean every Saturday afternoon. These are all fixed. The school stipulates that students are not allowed to leave school before the flag is lowered every afternoon, and they need to leave school at other times, and the reception room is hung with famous brands. Those who miss more than one third of classes will be removed from the class. The school has strict requirements for exams, further studies and graduation. There are temporary exams, monthly exams, mid-term exams and graduation exams. If there is fraud in the examination room, the test paper will get zero. Putonghua, mathematics and English are three main courses, two of which are not allowed to be upgraded and one is not allowed to graduate. 1934, students from Grade One of No.13 Middle School took the provincial examination when they graduated, with an average score of more than 80 points in mathematics, and an average score of 85 points in all subjects of Wang Xijian, a student from Class One and Class Two in the province. He is an outstanding graduate of the province and has been praised by the provincial education department.
The school attaches great importance to students' sports activities, which I have a deep understanding of. When I was studying in Beijing Normal University, five or six students were so tired that they vomited blood after graduation. Soon after they set foot in society, some people died and didn't pay their dues. The painful lesson shows me that we must do a good job in physical education when we run education. Without good physical fitness, our knowledge is useless. In view of this, when I came to No.13 Middle School, I took sports activities and manual labor as a major event. Together with the teaching staff, I led the students to open two playgrounds, one is the stadium and the other is the track and field, and all kinds of sports equipment were added, requiring each student to participate in at least two hours of extracurricular sports activities every week. So at that time, the sports activities in No.13 Middle School were carried out well, and the students' physique was also good. They once sent teams to participate in the provincial games, and the students' high jump, 100-meter run and triple jump were among the best in the province.
At that time, we also paid attention to students' moral quality education. Students at all levels have a "citizenship" course (equivalent to the current political course), which carries out moral quality education, stresses the Three People's Principles, loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, love, faith, righteousness and harmony, respects parents, teachers and unites classmates. Find bad tendencies and correct them at any time. At the end of each semester, the teachers of Grade I will evaluate each student's conduct, carry out the selection activities of "three excellent" (learning, performance and physical education) and "two excellent" (learning and performance), and issue certificates to the selected students for praise throughout the school.
According to the characteristics of teenagers, the school organizes students to carry out colorful extracurricular activities. The school has decent military bands and elegant bands, including bronze drums, horns, jinghu, erhu, flute and other musical instruments, and often holds concerts. The main members of some entertainment activities also organized drama groups to rehearse programs after class. On a Sunday every two weeks, the school collectively organizes suburban tourism or cross-country races. These activities have played a certain role in broadening students' horizons, enriching their knowledge, cultivating their sentiment and cultivating their collective spirit.
Running schools diligently and greening the environment
Since its establishment, the school has attached great importance to running schools diligently. Whatever you can do, try to do it yourself, and try to save money for the country without spending money or less. At that time, all students had two hours of labor class and one hour of labor class every week. We make full use of this time and spare time to organize teachers to live in the playground, repair roads, build flower beds and plant vegetable gardens. On the east and west sides of the school, there used to be two large learning gardens, which were full of potholes and broken bricks everywhere. Through their own labor, teachers and students cut off the high and low mats and transformed them into two large playgrounds. The school also opened two acres of vegetable garden, planting eggplant, lentils, tomatoes and Chinese cabbage. The students in each class are led and managed by teachers in turn, and the vegetables produced are shared by teachers and students. Teachers and students basically don't need to buy food in the kitchen. Students can eat some vegetables, which improves their lives and reduces their living expenses, and is welcomed by teachers and students. Due to the limitation of funds, the progress of school construction is not fast. Once, Mr. Xiangqian Wang from Xiangzhou went to school to visit his children. I talked to him about this problem. He proposed to use the work class to mobilize students to rub adobe. We adopted his suggestion and organized students to rub adobe in large quantities. Behind the school, bricks were laid outside and adobe lined inside, and two classrooms and student dormitories were built.
The school attaches great importance to economy, careful calculation and strict control. 1932 At the beginning of the year, Yin Huiquan used charcoal instead of coal to save heating costs, and died of poisoning. At that time, it was forbidden to accept bribes. The messenger Ye accepted a bribe from the bricklayer's captain 10 yuan, and the school immediately dismissed him. Ye didn't want to go on strike with other workers, so employees had to do chores by themselves, and the school went to class as usual, unaffected.
In order to create a good teaching and learning environment for teachers and students, under my advocacy, the school has carried out large-scale greening and beautification activities. The whole school has built two flower beds and a garden. First, we went to Cao Zhou to buy more than 20 kinds of peony flowers and set up a peony pond. Later, we added many kinds of flowers, such as plum blossom, jasmine, rhododendron, rose, gardenia and cherry blossom. Whenever spring comes, all kinds of flowers are blooming and colorful, which really has a special taste. I like flowers, especially chrysanthemums. There are as many as 400 to 500 kinds of chrysanthemums introduced and cultivated in the school, among which there are many rare varieties. I remember that there is a variety called "jade plate holding beads" with a flower diameter of 34 cm. When chrysanthemums are in full bloom, there is always a chrysanthemum exhibition in the school, and visitors are in an endless stream. 1936, the supplement of Tianjin Ta Kung Pao published a corner of the chrysanthemum exhibition in half a page, and Beiyang Pictorial also published some photos of famous chrysanthemums. In addition to planting trees every spring, everyone is required to plant a memorial tree before graduation from grade two, so the greening of the school is getting better every year. On the eve of the 1937 incident, the whole school was basically shaded by trees.
Combined with beautifying the environment and biology teaching, the school also keeps some small animals, including geese, geese, wild raccoons and budgies. What impressed me the most was that the school bought six Nanni jars to raise goldfish, some were silvery white and some were red and latosolic red. A rare variety of "one product is today" appeared, with a silvery white body and three bright red dots on the top of the head like the word "product", which is very cute. The school cultivates thousands of golden fry every year, all of which are provided to the society.
Since 1934, the school has earned more than 100 yuan a year by selling chrysanthemums, and this money has been used to plant trees and flowers, further expanding the scale of greening and beautifying, and realizing the park of the school.
Patriotic enthusiasm of teachers and students
193 1 year, the "September 18th Incident" shocked China and foreign countries, and Japanese invaders set foot in three northeastern provinces of China. At this time, the first-year students have just entered the school, and the national disaster is just around the corner. Everyone's heart is like a big stone. When everyone learned that Chiang Kai-shek ordered no resistance and that Zhang Xueliang was still dancing leisurely in Beijing, boredom and melancholy suddenly turned into anger. Teachers and students talked about it after class. Everyone held posters and staged a drama denouncing Japanese imperialist crimes, exposing Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary policy of "there must be a default in the busy outside". However, due to the strict control of the Kuomintang ruling authorities, the school failed to hold a public condemnation meeting or organize large-scale publicity activities.
With the increasing aggressive ambition of Japanese imperialism, the anti-Japanese and national salvation activities have gradually deepened. After the Anti-Japanese War in Suiyuan began, Fu Yu 1936 launched support from all over the country, and the school also drafted an activity plan to help Suiyuan. On the one hand, we raise money among teachers and students, on the other hand, we organize students to divide into several propaganda teams to go to the streets to publicize, mobilize the masses to resist Japan and save the country, boycott Japanese goods, and support Suiyuan's war of resistance with practical actions. 1937 After the Lugouqiao Incident, the anti-Japanese anger of teachers and students became more intense. The teachers and students of the whole school took to the streets to publicize, set up a stage in Xijiang Beach and staged "One Patriotism" and other plays for three consecutive days, with an audience of thousands.
At that time, the Kuomintang implemented a passive anti-Japanese policy and a positive anti-* * policy. At first, teachers and students didn't understand, showing a feeling of hesitation and depression. Later, they gradually woke up from their confusion and began to realize the essence of the problem. From time to time, some progressive teachers and students show their desire for light and desire for progress. 1932, Rizhao Party Organization launched Wulianshan Uprising, and Zhao Jinsheng, a first-class student of No.13 Middle School, secretly went to attend, but failed to catch up. Unfortunately, this matter was known by the Kuomintang county government, and Zhao Jinsheng was arrested. Li Chengshou, the county magistrate, refused to go to the school to arrest his son directly because he was in No.13 Middle School. He specifically informed me to send Zhao Jinsheng. On the way, I told Zhao Jinsheng: Don't be afraid, I will try my best to save you, just say you are crazy. After seeing Li Chengshou, I said to Li: This student is very honest, and sometimes his speech is abnormal. Please pay more attention. After a while, I went to Li to ask for release. Li said, I'm not in charge. You can directly plead with the county party department. So I went to Zhao Jixun of the county party department and asked him to move here as soon as possible. Zhao agreed on the spot. Later, I thought Zhao Jinsheng was released and went home, so I didn't ask in detail. Who knows that Zhao Jinsheng was transferred from Zhucheng to Jinan, and soon died in Jinan prison. It was many years before I heard about it.
The Zhao Jinsheng incident has greatly shaken the school, and I feel very passive. After that, I discussed with the director of discipline, trying to touch the students' ideological basis and avoid similar things from happening again. At that time, I held the idea of running education wholeheartedly and didn't want to ask about politics. I feel the same way about the words and deeds of some progressive teachers, but I dare not support them openly, so I have to make peace, keep it confidential internally. I remember that Jiang Shouqian, the director of educational administration, said many times that the symbol of "New Life Movement" is like a punch in the cow's vulva. Teacher Sun Beiwu often said in front of Cui that I scolded your Kuomintang again. One year, Xin Xingyuan, a physics and chemistry student, married a concubine named Wang Fengying in Qingdao. She is progressive in thought and rich in knowledge. She is quite familiar with Lu Xun's works and often contacts progressive students. At that time, many people knew that she was an underground worker of the * * * production party, but no one told anyone. Sure enough, after the July 7th Incident, she made her identity public.
I did something wrong because I was timid. As for Zhao Jinsheng, he succumbed to the pressure of the county ruling authorities and persuaded his brother Zhao Jincheng to leave school. Jiang Baoding, the school's labor teacher, is progressive and inclined to revolution. He often teaches students to sing progressive songs, such as Song of the Road, and also instructs students to perform progressive dramas. 1935 led students to perform on new year's day, which attracted the attention of the reactionary authorities in the county. In order to prevent the situation from getting worse, they are not allowed to direct the performance. During the winter vacation of 1936, he was dismissed because of the mistake of inviting prostitutes to stay in school. After that, Jiang Baoding went to Laiyang Second Rural Normal School to teach.
The bad luck brought by the July 7th Incident.
1937 After the July 7th Incident, the school enrolled new students as usual. This year, the number of applicants is particularly large, reaching more than 700, and the school can only admit 100 people. There are so many people on the list that parents ask the school to add extra classes at their own expense. I asked the ministries and agencies for instructions several times, but they were not approved. In a rage, I resigned from He Siyuan and was retained. After repeated discussions with the staff, it was finally decided to open an additional class and add 50 freshmen. Teachers do their duty and don't charge hourly wages. At this time, schools in northwest Shandong began to be ordered to move south. Zhucheng is far away from the front line and attends classes as usual. At the same time, we should make preparations for marching south and hold picnic exercises to guard against enemy air strikes, bomb shelters and air defense exercises. 1 1 month, some teachers and students of Laiyang Second Township Teachers College, Yantai Eighth Middle School, Yexian Ninth Middle School and Penglai Eighth Township Teachers College went south, passing through Zhucheng and concentrated in Linyi. Unexpectedly, after they arrived in Linyi, Wu Lanpu, inspector of the provincial education department in charge of moving south, died in Jinan, and no one asked. Some teachers and students returned home through Zhucheng, which poured cold water on our teachers and students, and the desire to move south gradually disappeared.
1In late February, the Japanese invaders occupied the north bank of the Yellow River, and the political situation was very tense. In this case, the school had to be closed temporarily, and the staff and students had to be evacuated home temporarily. When leaving school, each student took away a set of desks and chairs, and each faculty member gave away the balance of 50 yuan over the years, leaving only Cui and Cui Longchun and Zhucheng people Li Zefang and Ding Shouxiao. On the eve of parting, teachers and students were sad and angry, reluctant to part. Finally, they parted in tears. I took the last bus to Ji Jiao Road with my teachers Jiang Zesheng, Qin Wenyu, Cheng Shengsan, Zhuang Xiaoyan, Zhang Zhusheng and Zhang Yutan. Later, Cui and Cui Longchun also left school. 1in the spring of 938, Zhucheng and even the whole of Shandong were occupied, and the provincial thirteenth middle school, which had just been founded for seven years, died unfortunately due to the invasion of Japanese imperialism.
It has been forty-nine years since No.13 Middle School was closed. Fortunately, most teachers are still engaged in people's education after liberation. As far as I know, before the Cultural Revolution, Sun Beiwu was the vice president of Qufu Teachers College, Jiang Shouqian was the dean of Teachers College, Qi Zhe and Yan Zhongrong were teachers of Shandong Teachers College, and Cui, Zhuang Xiaoyan, Cheng Shengsan, Zhang Rensu and Xu Jiemin were all primary and secondary school teachers. Now these people are alive except a few, and most of them are dead. At that time, the students in No.13 Middle School were all in their sixties or seventies now. Many of them hold important positions in our party, government and army, and have made great contributions to the liberation of the Chinese nation and the socialist revolution and construction. Every time I think about it, I feel infinitely gratified.
Attachment: This article was written in 1986, based on the author's conversation recording and manuscript, which was revised and supplemented by myself before publication.
Recalling the student life in No.13 Middle School
Wang Xijian
When I graduated from high school, I just caught up with the first enrollment in Zhucheng in 13. At that time, there were very few middle schools, and provincial middle schools added 13 places in the province, most of which were only junior high schools. However, the conditions of provincial schools are better, and I am lucky to be admitted to this school. The school site is the original Confucian Temple. At first, it was not fully equipped, but the teachers hired were quite standard. Sun Beiwu, our head teacher, is an amiable person. He has a dark complexion and a beard with cheeks and sideburns. He teaches well. He teaches English and geography. English is the most difficult course for us students. He teaches patiently, reviews our diaries and study notes every day, and often talks with us individually to ask about our family situation and problems in our study. Later, I learned that he took part in the revolution and joined the party very early after the Anti-Japanese War. After liberation, he served as vice president of Qufu Teachers College. I met him at 1954 CPPCC working conference.
Jiang Shouqian is our second academic director. He also teaches Chinese. He is thin, his skin is white, he has no beard, and his voice is as harsh as a woman's. He was cultivated in classical literature and was quite famous in the education field at that time. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he always joined the revolutionary ranks and served as the president of Jiaodong Public School for a long time, making great contributions to the education in the liberated areas. Qi Zhe, a PE teacher, has a certain foundation in all sports. Under his training, a number of outstanding athletes have emerged among the students, such as Wang Guodong's high jump, Sun Puxin's triple jump and Wang Guiben's pole vault, all of which are among the best in the province. Zhang Yutan, an art teacher, is also very professional. Students are active in sketching, watercolor painting, calligraphy and military music.
Although our headmaster, Liu Shaoqing, has made little progress in politics, he is a man who values talents and devotes himself to education. He is also a part-time math teacher. I was the best at math, and I was always valued by him. After the national liberation, he returned to Jinan and still worked in the field of education. After retirement, he devoted himself to the study of flower cultivation, and he is still strong in his eighties.
The year when I entered colleges and universities was the year when the September 18th Incident happened. The organization of the National Salvation Federation was established among the students in various schools. Once I was elected as a representative to attend a small party, and the representatives of various schools also divided their work. However, there will be no activities in the future, which is obviously a government-run institution that meets the needs. At that time, there were only two newly recruited junior one students in No.13 Middle School. The number is small, and they are very young. Under the strict control of the authorities, it is impossible to organize any activities, so it has been very calm. It was only in the year of Wulian Mountain riots that a classmate of our class, Zhao Jinsheng, came into contact with the mountain alone, was captured by officers and soldiers, and soon died in prison. His brother Zhao Jincheng was forced to drop out of school, which caused a storm among the students and then subsided.
Nevertheless, young students are enthusiastic and have ideals. When they go to school, they are constantly influenced by progressive ideas. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, under the leadership of the temporary county party committee, junior students (Lu Ping), Sun Shouzhen (Pu Feng), (Zhang Yi), Gong (military and civilian), Wang Fen (Wang Ji), Wang Naizhen, Chen (Chen Xian) and Xu Chongchong joined the guerrillas. In addition, a group of graduates stayed in Qingdao and other places to teach, such as Wang Hongjian, Pei Jingyan, Zheng, etc. They also took part in the revolutionary work after liberation. I know these things, but there must be a lot I don't know.
No.13 Middle School has trained a large number of educated talents and made great contributions to the upper posts. For example, Wang Dongnian was appointed Commissioner of Binbei Administrative Office, Zhang Yi was appointed political commissar of Aviation School, Wang Naizhen was appointed deputy commander of Jilin Military Region, Xu Wei was appointed political commissar of the army, Chen Xian was appointed deputy director of the State Sports Commission, Wang Luo was appointed minister of political department of jinan military area command, Sun Pufeng was appointed propaganda minister of Qingdao Municipal Committee, Lu Ping was appointed president of Jiaodong Daily, and Gong Junmin and Wang Ji worked in the Central Ministry of Education for a long time. Their growth is the same as that of No.13 Middle School.
The three years of studying in No.13 Middle School was the period when I was eager for knowledge and learned to lay the foundation. I remember that when I first entered school, the first book introduced to me by Teacher Qin was Li's On Lu Xun, which was the first time I knew the name Lu Xun. Later, Lu Xun's works "Three Idles", "Two Hearts" and "For Freedom" were all eagerly read by everyone, and we also read the works of Guo Moruo, Mao Dun and Yu Dafu. However, my interest in learning at that time was not mainly in literature. I almost double the Universal Library published by the Commercial Press every day. In mathematics, I have studied the problem of ruler and ruler drawing and Galois's group theory. In philosophy and sociology, it seems that I have never been able to chew down plekhanov's book "The Monism of History" and Borg Danov's social development history, from Einstein's theory of relativity to Freud's psychoanalysis, which aroused my great interest. Looking back now, No.13 Middle School was the cradle of my thirst for knowledge in my youth, and it still leaves a deep impression on my mind today.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/938, I joined the guerrillas and went to town, just in the empty courtyard of No.13 Middle School, and the school building was no longer in charge. Although I was very busy, I also found a small room full of messy books. At this point, I have no time to grasp the infinite mystery of the universe. When I left, I barely took away two thick books, one is a detailed map of China provinces, and the other is Fan Changjiang's Northwest Corner of China. At that time, I thought that we might travel all over the world, climb snow-capped mountains and grassland, and go to Yan 'an, so I took these two books with me and always took them with me.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, every time I come to Zhucheng County, I always go to see the old site of my alma mater, where I had a wonderful life as a teenager. The first time was 1946. The hometown of No.13 Middle School was dilapidated and desolate, except for a few Japanese houses built with plywood. The second time was 1963. The former site of No.13 Middle School was transformed into a normal school, and most of the houses were rebuilt, except for the "nine rooms" in the back, which was our student dormitory in those days, where I once spent my fantasy boyhood life. The third time was recently, and the old traces were gone, but some old classmates and I went in for a walk and relived a naive middle school life. (The author was then the vice chairman of Shandong Federation of Literary and Art Circles)
Talk passionately about your alma mater.
Gong junmin
Whenever I recall my revolutionary career in the past few decades, I naturally associate it with the No.13 Middle School in the province, which played a great role in my youth growth. Today, I recall my alma mater with excitement, but after all, more than half a century has passed, and many things have been forgotten, so I can only make a summary account.
( 1)
The thirteenth provincial middle school was founded in Zhucheng in 193 1 and began enrolling students in the autumn of that year. There are two classes and 80 students in Grade One. At that time, the school was the last middle school in Yantai (No.8 Middle School), Yidu (No.10 Middle School), Linyi (No.5 Middle School) and Taian (No.3 Middle School). She provides convenient conditions for young people in Zhucheng, Gaomi, Jiaoxian, Anqiu, Yishui, Juxian and Rizhao to study nearby. I was sixteen years old that year and just graduated from the first primary school in the county. I am naturally very happy to be able to study in a provincial middle school without leaving the county.
When the school was opened (until the end), the principal was Sun Zaiheng, the director of education, and later Jiang Shouqian and Cui, the director of discipline. Yin Huiquan, the first director of affairs, used charcoal to keep warm that winter and died of carbon monoxide poisoning. His successor is Cui Longchun. Teachers are relatively strong, many of whom graduated from Beijing Normal University. The school building was newly built at the address of the old Confucian temple. Old houses can only be used by a few bungalows, such as Dacheng Hall, Minglun Hall, Sutra Pavilion, Jiufang and other non-Confucius Temple buildings. The construction of the new school building began in the spring of 193 1, and by the time the first batch of students graduated in 1934, there were already six classrooms besides the staff dormitory and office building. School equipment was added from scratch. There are few physical and chemical instruments, and even teachers can't meet the needs of classroom experiments, let alone students do experiments themselves. Although the library is also newly built, it has developed rapidly. In addition to ordering a copy of animism, the school also attaches great importance to buying contemporary masterpieces. As long as the works of progressive writers such as Lu Xun and Guo Moruo are published, most of them can be found on the school shelves. The curriculum burden of junior high school is not very heavy. After class, I read many famous books greedily, and I am particularly interested in Lu Xun's works. His combat essays, such as Sharp Throwing, Snatching and Dagger, are very exciting to read. A child of 16 and 17 years old has extremely superficial social experience. There are many meanings in his works that he seems to understand or don't understand at all, but he has been reading carefully. From then on, I became interested in Lu Xun's works. Until the next few years, whoever heard that his new book was published always borrowed or bought it to read. Of course, I also read books that are not good for young people. But generally speaking, I have learned some lessons from my extracurricular reading in junior high school for three years, from writing to thinking.
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Generally speaking, schools are serious about running schools from the leading bodies to the teachers, and the requirements for the selected teaching materials are also very high. For example, English is the English reader for enlightenment, arithmetic is the teaching material for enlightenment, geometry is "three S" geometry, and Chinese is the optional handout, among which classical literature accounts for a certain proportion, and modern works are mostly masterpieces. The school attaches great importance to the cultivation of students' Chinese reading and writing ability. In addition to classroom teaching, it also guides students to run wall newspapers and conduct composition competitions, which benefits students a lot. It was at this time that I laid a little foundation in Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages.
Generally speaking, schools in the old society despised labor and laborers, not to mention labor education for students. But no.13 middle school pays more attention to extracurricular labor. The newly established Old Confucian Temple is full of ruins and broken bricks, and even a flat piece of land is hard to find as a playground, so the school organizes students to use their spare time to clean up the ruins, level the ground and build basketball courts and tennis courts by themselves. These voluntary labor not only saved the expenses of the school, but also accelerated the progress of the school. More importantly, students are educated and exercised in their work. Later, when we stroll on the wide playground, we often have a comfortable sense of pride, because it is full of our hard sweat. In the voluntary labor, President Liu Shaoqing left an unforgettable impression on me. He usually wears a suit and a gold ring on his hand. Although he pays attention to ostentation and extravagance, he always takes off his suit, picks up tools and works with his classmates every time he works. This is undoubtedly a profound education and great promotion for the teachers and students of the whole school.