Developing modern agriculture is the primary task of building a new socialist countryside, and the status of agricultural operators determines the development level of modern agriculture. Based on the practice in Jiangsu Province, this paper discusses the development process of agricultural business entities, and points out that large-scale agricultural operators, farmers' professional cooperative organizations and leading agricultural enterprises have become new types of entities for developing modern agriculture, and they are interdependent and mutually supportive, and * * * promote the development process of modern agriculture. The following is what I have carefully prepared for you: related papers on the analysis of the construction of agricultural management entities under the influence of the new agricultural policy, the content is for reference only, welcome to read!
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Abstract: As an important new agricultural management entity, family farms can effectively improve agricultural production efficiency and promote the optimal allocation of production factors, thus promoting the agricultural modernization process. Taking Jingzhou City, Hubei Province as the research object, this paper investigates and analyzes the policy support of Jingzhou City, the management status of agricultural business entities and the problems existing in the development of family farms, and provides reasonable policy suggestions. * * *' s new agricultural policy guidance, farmers' professional quality, the source of construction funds and the standardized operation of the construction of business entities have a vital impact on the smooth and healthy development of new agricultural business entities.
the new agricultural business entities refer to agricultural business organizations with large scale, high degree of intensification and strong market competitiveness on the basis of household contract management, including household management, large professional households, family farms, farmers' cooperatives, leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization and other agricultural business entities. The new agricultural management subject is not only the representative of the advanced agricultural production mode, but also the core subject to promote the development of modern agriculture. Family farm, as the main body of new agricultural management, is an enterprise economic entity with farmers' families as the basic organizational unit, facing the market and aiming at maximizing profits, engaging in the production, processing and sales of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery on a moderate scale, and implementing independent operation, self-financing and scientific management. For family farms, Gao Jianbin [1] analyzed the origin, advantages and alternative forms of farm system. Jia Daming [2] focuses on the difficulties and problems encountered in the development of family farms; Li Dongsheng and others [3] studied the development of family farms from the connotation, advantages and present situation; Qu Xueshu and others [4] expounded the advantages and disadvantages of developing family farms and put forward that industrialization, sound social security system and perfect land circulation market are the conditions for the healthy development of family farms. Based on the investigation, this study summarizes the development status of family farms in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, and expounds the problems existing in the development of new agricultural management entities and the influence of agricultural policies on the development of family farms.
1 The basic situation of agriculture in Jingzhou City
Jingzhou City, Hubei Province is the central city of Jianghan Plain, with a land area of 4111 km2, common cultivated land area of 468,111 hm2, land circulation area of 1111 hm2, and an agricultural population of 4.319 million. It has jurisdiction over 2 districts, 3 cities and 3 counties. Among them, there are 7 "National Grain Production Counties" * * * Jianli, Honghu, Gongan, Songzi, Jingzhou, Jiangling and Shishou * * *, * * * with 88 towns, 14 townships and 9 farm management areas, known as the "land of plenty". In June 2114, there were 289 new family farms and farmers. Jingzhou City is a well-developed area of family farms in Hubei Province. Choosing this area as a sample, studying the current situation of the construction and operation of new agricultural business entities, analyzing its existing problems and pointing out its development path can lay a foundation for the healthy development of agricultural business entities. From March to June, 2114, the basic situation of the development of new agricultural business entities was investigated by Jingzhou Agriculture Bureau, and the family farms and professional cooperatives in Jingzhou were investigated in the form of visits to the countryside and questionnaires, so as to understand the basic situation of the development of agricultural business entities in Jingzhou. 2 Jingzhou has issued a series of supporting policies for the development of family farms
2.1 has formulated the management measures for family farms that are beneficial to the agricultural development of Jingzhou
In p>2113, the No.1 file of the Central Committee proposed to develop family farms, and Jingzhou actively acted, boldly innovated and tried first. In the case that the standards, registration methods and ways to realize family farms in the central and provincial governments are still unclear, the agricultural management department conducted extensive research, and in mid-March in Hubei Province, it took the lead in formulating the Measures for the Administration of Identification and Registration of Family Farms in Jingzhou City, the Model Management System of Family Farms in Jingzhou City, and the Simple Accounting Measures of Family Farms in Jingzhou City, and carried out the identification work in time, at the same time guiding and helping family farms to establish management systems and financial accounting. State Administration for Industry and Commerce, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Administration for Industry and Commerce and Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture visited Jingzhou successively to investigate the development of family farms, and Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture issued a briefing on the development of family farms in Jingzhou. Jingzhou TV Station and Jingzhou People's Broadcasting Station made a special report on this, and Hubei Radio and Television General Station, Hubei Radio Station and Rural News jointly reported. In order to promote the development of cooperatives, the agricultural and industrial and commercial departments jointly issued the first cooperative development file in Hubei Province. These mechanism innovations are mainly reflected in supporting the development of family farms and cooperatives.
under the condition of forming a joint force and grasping the management of * * *, we will vigorously promote the healthy development of new agricultural management entities. Establish a liaison mechanism for the development of new agricultural business entities, hold regular consultations with departments such as agriculture, industry and commerce, and finance, and trade union organizations and Yangtze University give strong support to the training of new agricultural business entities, thus forming a good situation in which the whole society strives for development and promotes it.
2.2 Combining with the farmer entrepreneurship training base of Yangtze University, strengthen the training for family farmers and improve their management level
The development of new agricultural management entities must have a large number of professional farmers who know technology, are good at management and can manage. Yangtze University, located in Jingzhou City, has a farmer entrepreneurship training and education base listed by Hubei Provincial Department of Agriculture. With the help of this platform, Jingzhou City * * * trains 1,511 person-times of cooperative directors and family farmers through sunshine engineering training, entrepreneurship training and vocational skills training every year, and at the same time, organizes occasional study tours and exchanges. Through this training, the intellectual resources of Yangtze University are organically combined with agricultural resources, which improves the planting level of family farmers, brings new ideas for creating wealth and obtains new management and operation modes. For example, the agricultural brand "Cinnamon Chicken" founded by Xiong Xiaobo of Chuandian in Jingzhou District has gained new marketing channels, opened up e-commerce channels and greatly expanded its business scope through training and teaching.
2.3 Strengthen publicity and guidance to encourage the rapid development of family farms
Strengthen the publicity and typical promotion of rural policies and laws and regulations, enlarge the guiding role of policies, and create a good atmosphere for the development of new agricultural business entities. From June, 2113 to June, 2114, Jingzhou Daily carried out a series of publicity reports on the typical new agricultural business entities in Jingzhou, such as "community joint-stock cooperatives, farmers' professional cooperatives, land joint-stock cooperatives, family farms, large grain growers and large-scale operators". The agricultural sector has compiled 2,111 publicity and training materials such as "Selected Typical Materials of Rural Institutional Mechanism Innovation" and "Compilation of New Business Entities". At the same time, Jingzhou * * * gives full play to the leading and radiating role of the pilot demonstration, and conducts the selection activities of demonstration family farms and farmers' professional cooperatives every year. Jingzhou * * * selects 11 municipal demonstration family farms and 112 professional cooperatives to provide them with policy and financial support, so as to strengthen their exemplary, leading and demonstration effects.
2.4 Set a typical example and give key support in terms of funds and policies
Jingzhou * * * issued three files: Implementation Opinions on Vigorously Cultivating New Agricultural Business Entities, Guiding Opinions on Financial Support for the Development of New Agricultural Business Entities, and Opinions on Further Promoting Market Increment and Quality Improvement, which provided policy support for the development of new agricultural business entities. In the past three years, relevant departments * * * have strived for more than 1.5 million yuan of financial support from the central and provincial governments for more than 131 farmers' professional cooperatives and family farms in Jingzhou, and Jingzhou Finance arranged 2.75 million yuan in 2113 to support and encourage the development of family farms and cooperatives by means of awards instead of subsidies.
3 Analysis of the development of new agricultural business entities under the influence of the new agricultural policy
3.1 The number of new agricultural business entities has increased rapidly
At the end of p>2114, there were nearly 24,111 new agricultural business entities in Jingzhou City. The number of farmers' professional cooperatives has grown to 2,915, an increase of more than 611 over the previous year. Especially in the second half of the year, nearly three farmers' professional cooperatives were established every day, ranking third in the province and second in Hubei Province in terms of growth rate. The number of cooperative unions has grown to 15, ranking first in Hubei Province. There are 641 family farms recognized by the agricultural management department, ranking first in Hubei Province, and 351 family farms registered by the industrial and commercial department, of which 311 were registered in the last two months of 2114, ranking first in Hubei Province in terms of registration speed. There are 14 land joint-stock cooperatives, ranking first in Hubei Province, and the first land joint-stock cooperative registered in the industrial and commercial sector in Hubei Province is in Jingzhou. There are more than 21,111 professional households, ranking first in Hubei Province.
3.2 The development quality of agricultural business entities has been rapidly improved
There are four obvious changes in the development of new agricultural business entities in Jingzhou: First, the development of this region, this industry and this industry has changed to cross-regional, cross-industry and cross-industry development. 15 cooperative unions have initially explored a cooperative path of resource integration, industrial extension, close connection and benefit sharing. The second is to change from industry to brand [5]. Brand awareness of farmers' cooperatives has been significantly enhanced. More than 5% of farmers' cooperatives have registered trademarks, and the brand effect has expanded year by year. Jingzhou Youxin herring production and marketing cooperative Haizihu herring is sold all over the country, Songzi Beiting Chrysanthemum Land Co-operative Yashan Hangbaiju is in short supply every year, and Jingzhou Kumjuling Family Farm Zhuju Zhuju is sold to several supermarkets in the city, and the price is higher than that of ordinary citrus 1.5 yuan /kg. By the end of 2114, there were 6 well-known trademarks of China, 5 famous brands of China, 7 organic agricultural products, 111 green foods and 383 pollution-free agricultural products in Jingzhou. The third is to change from focusing on products to focusing on technology and safety. More than 91% of farmers' cooperatives and family farms aim at producing pollution-free agricultural products, rationally use drugs and fertilizers, and minimize the use of pesticides. The qualified rate of provincial sampling inspection of vegetables and pigs in Jingzhou City reached over 98.8%, and the residues of toxic and harmful substances in main agricultural products decreased year by year. The fourth is to change from low standards to high standards. The development of new business entities in Jingzhou has a high starting point, a high degree of scale, a fundamental change in production methods and a great improvement in production technology. The registered business scale of Jingzhou Grain Family Farm is not less than 6.67 hm2, which is 3.33 hm2 higher than that stipulated by Hubei Province. Moreover, the whole process of mechanization has been realized, and more than 91% of the rice seedlings have been raised in factories. The average operating scale of 641 family farms identified by the management department is 23.33 hm2, which is much higher than the average level in Hubei Province. Vegetable family farms and cooperatives have basically realized the steel frame cultivation or facility cultivation mode [6].
3.3 The demonstration and driving role significantly enhanced the network of 24,111 new agricultural management entities in Jingzhou City, with 381,111 farmers, accounting for 35.73% of the total number of farmers, and 881,111 farmers were driven, accounting for 82.75% of the total number of farmers; Jingzhou City has three national demonstration cooperatives, 41 provincial demonstration cooperatives, two provincial "Top Ten" aquatic products, animal husbandry and agricultural machinery cooperatives, three provincial "Top 21" fishery and agricultural machinery cooperatives and two provincial "Top 21" animal husbandry cooperatives. There are 311,111 farmers joining the cooperative, accounting for 29.15% of the total number of farmers, driving 781,111 farmers, accounting for 73.34% of the total number of farmers. The 641 family farms identified by the management department drive more than 51,111 households. Land joint-stock cooperatives have invested in more than 3,111 farmers, driving more than 1,111 farmers.
3.4 farmers' income increased significantly
The per capita income of network farmers, the main body of new agricultural management in Jingzhou, is more than 31% higher than that of local farmers. In 2112, the operating service income of farmers' professional cooperatives was 4.2 billion yuan, of which the net income was 581 million yuan, and 351 million yuan was returned according to the transaction volume. The income of members was 37% higher than that of non-members. In 2114, the total assets of 641 family farms exceeded 1 billion yuan, and the net income exceeded 111 million yuan, with an average net income of 1.7 million yuan per family farm. The land joint-stock cooperative increased the average income of farmers by 1,111 yuan. The per capita net income of 476 members of the Youxin herring production and marketing cooperative in Jingzhou District reached more than 41,111 yuan, and more than 11% of the members bought cars. 112 households in Songzi Beiting Chrysanthemum Land Joint-stock Cooperative invested RMB 5,111 per hectare in guaranteed income, and paid dividends at the end of the year, with an average income of RMB 6,111 per household. Villagers can also voluntarily participate in the field management of cooperatives, "working" for more than 111 days a year, and "annual salary" is more than 1 million yuan. Hu Jianxin, a villager in Zhaling Village, Zhakou Town, Gongan County, contracted 48 hm2 low-lying land in the village in 2119, and raised nearly 911,111 yuan by himself to transform this low-lying land into a fertile field for drought and flood. In 2112, he harvested 551 tons of grain with a net income of more than 611,111 yuan. There are 1,311 large grain growers with a scale of over 6.67 hm2 in Jingzhou, with an operating area of nearly 26,711 hm2.
3.5 has promoted the rapid development of agricultural scale operation
New agricultural business entities have concentrated resources such as land, barren hills and water surface through leasing and shareholding [7], and scale operation has realized the transformation from decentralized operation to scale operation, improved the land utilization rate, realized the optimal allocation of production factors such as labor, land, capital and technology [8], effectively reduced the investment cost of production materials, and achieved the goal of upgrading and raising prices. Through land transfer, some farmers were liberated from the land and invested in the secondary and tertiary industries, thus accelerating the transfer of rural labor [9]. The total land transfer area in Jingzhou City has reached 81,211 hm2, accounting for 21.5% of the total contracted farmland area of farmers, exceeding the national average. Among them, the area flowing into farmers' cooperatives and family farms is 3,111 hm2, accounting for 16.15% of the circulation area in Jingzhou. The area flowing into large professional households is 58,811 hm2, accounting for 72.39% of the circulation area in Jingzhou. In 2112, Yonghua Family Farm in Jingzhou Development Zone transferred 313.93 hectares of land to Majiagang Village and Wudang Garden Village in Tanzqiao Town, Jingzhou Development Zone as a whole, and implemented large-scale production. In 2113, wheat, potato, greenhouse vegetables, watermelon and other vegetables were planted at 133.33 hm2, 33.33 hm2, 13.33 hm2 and 26.67 hm2 respectively, and pure fruits were obtained.
It not only solves the problem that the villagers in immigrant villages are not adapted to the planting methods in plain lake areas.