As the name implies, electric heating is to use electricity to achieve heating. It is a heating method or equipment that converts electric energy into heat energy and directly releases heat or circulates heat medium in the heating pipeline to meet the heating demand.

As we all know, electric energy is the most environmentally friendly and clean energy source, because it has no noise and no waste gas. Therefore, electric heating equipment (such as electric boiler, etc. It is very fashionable and superior among many heating equipment, especially in today's rising prices of other energy sources.

People have wisely chosen the electric heating mode. High-end customers choose electric heating film and electric heating floor, and most users choose electric heating boiler.

Classification of electric heating

Electric heating is divided into dry heating and wet heating according to heating methods.

Among them, dry heating can be divided into (1) point heating according to heating area and uniformity: represented by air conditioner, electric fan and radiant panel; (2) Linear heating: represented by heating cable; (3) District heating: represented by electric heating film.

Electric heating film can be further subdivided into different kinds of electric heating films such as electric heating shed film, electric heating wall film and electric heating plastic film.

According to the working principle, damp heat can be divided into: (1) resistance heating: resistance bar, PTC ceramics and timely glass tube are the main components; (2) Electromagnetic heating: There are mainly methods such as high frequency electromagnetic, medium frequency electromagnetic and power frequency electromagnetic.

In electromagnetic heating, from the technical level of control panel, it can be divided into industrial main control panel and civil main control panel.

The internal structure is as follows: the main form of electric heating.

At present, there are more and more electric heating equipment in the domestic market, both domestic and imported.

Different ways of using all kinds of equipment will lead to different electricity charges and initial investment of equipment.

1

Room electric heater

Electric heaters are generally installed in users' rooms and belong to distributed electric heating. The main forms are electric microcrystalline glass radiant heater, electric quartz tube heater, oil-filled radiator, PTC ceramic electric heater, convection heater (heater) and other common electric heaters and phase change heat storage electric heaters with heat storage function.

2

Electric boiler

Electric boiler heating belongs to centralized electric heating, and the heat medium (hot water or steam) generated by it is transported to all rooms through the central heating pipeline, which is mostly used for heating a building or a residential and commercial district with dense buildings.

There are two kinds of electric boilers: ordinary type and regenerative type.

Ordinary electric boilers have no heat storage function, so they are widely used in the early stage of household electric heating. The application results show that their operation cost is high, and the key is that they can't make full use of cheap electricity at night, which further increases the peak-valley difference of the power grid.

Now ordinary electric boilers are gradually replaced by regenerative electric boilers.

Regenerative electric boilers use low-valley electricity to store heat, which can cut peaks and fill valleys, narrow the peak-valley difference of power supply and optimize the power grid structure. It is recommended by the power sector and users can enjoy low-valley electricity prices. But the one-time investment is high.

Due to the large heat loss of heating pipe network, it is difficult for end users to adjust and the overall energy utilization rate is low.

three

Electrothermal film

At present, a large number of electric heating film manufacturers have emerged in China, and they are vigorously promoted and used.

Belonging to distributed electric heating.

Electrothermal film is a kind of translucent polyester film, which can generate heat when electrified. It is formed by printing and hot pressing conductive special ink and metal current-carrying strip between two layers of insulating polyester film, and is equipped with an independent temperature control device. When working, its surface temperature is 40℃-60℃.

When heating with electric heating film, most of the heat is sent into the room by radiation.

Due to the lack of heat storage function, the operation cost of using electric heating film alone is high, which is not conducive to peak shaving and valley filling of power grid.

If it can be combined with phase change heat storage electric heating floor, this defect can be overcome.

four

Phase change heat storage electric heating floor

The phase change heat storage electric heating floor (hereinafter referred to as phase change electric heating floor) is a new heating mode, which is still under study.

It uses shape-setting phase change materials to convert cheap electric energy consumed by electric heating film or cable at night into heat energy and store it for heating during the day.

This can save the heating operation cost and realize the peak load regulation and valley filling of the power grid.

It is a clean, energy-saving, convenient and comfortable choice to combine phase change energy storage, electric heating and floor heating.

five

heat pump

Heat pump is a device that uses a small amount of electric energy to transfer heat from a low-level heat source to a high-level heat source to meet the heating demand.

According to the classification of low-level heat sources, heat pumps can be divided into air source heat pumps, water source heat pumps and ground source heat pumps.

( 1)

Air-source heat pump Air-source heat pump is a kind of heat pump room air conditioner, which can air-condition all year round and has been widely used in China.

This kind of air conditioner has two types: integral type and split type.

These rooms are suitable for air conditioning in one room all year round, and some are equipped with auxiliary electric heaters, which can supplement heating when the outdoor temperature is too low.

(2)

Water source heat pump Water source heat pump system consists of outdoor water source, heat pump, water circulation loop and air supply system.

During refrigeration operation, the residual heat of the room and the input power of the unit are transferred to the outdoor water source; During the heating operation, heat is extracted from the outdoor water source.

The system has the advantages of convenient adjustment, independent pricing, compact layout, simplicity and flexibility, convenient design, simple construction and operation management.

But its application is limited by water source.

(3)

Ground source heat pump Ground source heat pump uses heat energy stored in soil as energy to realize heating in winter and cooling in summer.

When the heat collector collects heat from the soil in winter, it actually injects cold energy into the soil; When cold energy is collected in summer, heat injected into the soil will also play a role in regulating the temperature field of shallow soil and improving the living conditions of animals and plants.

The application research of ground source heat pump has just started and needs further research and development.

Matters needing attention in electric heating installation

First, the increase of power capacity If the installed electric floor heating area is greater than or equal to 80 square meters, it is recommended to increase the existing power capacity, otherwise it will be easy to trip when all are turned on.

The content of power capacity expansion mainly includes electricity meters and household lines, and the specific amount is calculated according to the heating area and the actual installed power of the floor heating company.

Second, the installation position of the thermostat The installation position of the electric heating thermostat cannot be chosen at will. The height from the ground should be between 1.2m- 1.7M, and it should be protected from light.

Third, the wires are reserved for electric floor heating. Before installation, the thermostat power cord (zero wire, live wire and ground wire) should be reserved in each room. When the electrician arranges the wires, he should open the slot and reserve the thermostat cassette for access.

Fourth, level the ground Before the installation of electric heating, the ground height should be budgeted, and the ground should be flat and there should be no bumps.

Low carbon characteristics of electric heating

Electric heating represented by electric heating film and high-frequency electromagnetic induction heater is an important way to realize low-carbon heating for the whole people.

Its low-carbon characteristics are mainly reflected in direct energy, energy conversion, pollution discharge, living environment and social economy.

Specifically: (1) Low-carbon energy: clean and renewable heating energy. Compared with coal, natural gas, straw, wood and other heating sources, electric energy, as the most potential heating source, is developing vigorously with the rise of new energy represented by solar energy, wind energy, hydropower and nuclear energy.

The electric energy given by new energy is clean and renewable, and it is a real low-carbon or even "zero" carbon energy.

(2) Low-carbon conversion: Compared with the traditional heating mode, the heat conversion rate of the electric heating system is as high as 98.68%, which can greatly reduce the energy loss during conversion and transmission.

(3) Low-carbon emission: Compared with traditional heating methods, zero emission of waste gas and other pollutants uses electric energy as heating energy, which saves land, does not produce pollutants such as waste gas, waste water and waste, and directly reduces the emission of waste gas and other pollutants to zero.

At the same time, even if coal is used as power generation energy, it can promote and improve the scale and intensity of coal power generation, save and reduce energy consumption and vehicle pollution during coal transportation, thus reducing carbon emissions as a whole and strengthening the low-carbon nature of energy use.

(4) Low-carbon life: ergonomic design, comfortable and intelligent. Compared with the point heating system represented by radiator, air conditioner and electric heater and the linear heating system represented by heating cable, the new generation electric heating system represented by electric heating film and high-frequency electromagnetic heating is very suitable for people's livable needs of warming their feet, cooling their heads and relaxing in the activity space.

Specifically, this unique heating method makes people feel that the indoor temperature is uniform, fresh, comfortable and quiet, without the dryness and sultry heat brought by traditional heating and the indoor dust brought by airflow.

Electric plastic film and high-frequency electromagnetic heating not only heat indoor air, but also the far-infrared waves emitted by the system can adjust immunity and delay aging. The bottom-up heating process conforms to the principle of human health care.

In addition, the intelligent temperature control function can make people warm at will, promote behavior energy saving and start a new generation of humanized low-carbon life.

(5) Low-carbon economy: vigorously promote building energy conservation and low-valley electricity revenue generation, and use electric heating plastic film and high-frequency electromagnetic heating system on the premise of building energy conservation.

Therefore, the promotion and wide use of this new heating mode directly promotes the strict inspection and implementation of 65% national statutory building energy efficiency standards, and then promotes the development of low-carbon buildings in China.

Furthermore, from the point of view of power balance, the difference between peak power consumption and night power consumption is very large, which leads to the waste of night power.

Making full use of off-peak power can not only increase off-peak power income for the country, but also reduce power generation cost, stabilize electricity price, save energy and promote low-carbon utilization of electric energy.

Application field of electric heating

Buildings: residential quarters, hotels, office buildings, schools, villas, apartments for the elderly, kindergartens, libraries, shopping malls. Industry: tank insulation, pipeline heating, warehouses and industrial workshops. Transportation: platform heating, road snowmelt agriculture: vegetable greenhouses, greenhouses, brooding boxes. Household: anti-fog mirror, electric spray paint, electric foot pad, electric kang, writing desk electric heating industry standard.

With the national energy saving and emission reduction policy and the global attention to low-carbon economy, electric heating film and high-frequency electromagnetic heating products, as a new heating method, have attracted more and more attention in the electric heating industry.

The heating methods of electrothermal film and high-frequency electromagnetic heater are waterless, land-free, self-switching, energy-saving and material-saving, which conforms to the policy orientation of emission reduction and low carbon, promotes the development of energy-saving buildings, and has been widely concerned by authoritative departments such as the Central Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, authoritative information media, top authoritative information voices in China and top media in China.

A few days ago, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development decided by Voice of China that Harbin Institute of Technology and Heilongjiang Zhonghui Co., Ltd. jointly compiled the Technical Specification for the Application of Electric Heating Film, which aroused widespread concern in the heating industry.

Zhonghui Geothermal, founded by Yin Huilai, is the largest production base of electrothermal film and electrothermal plastic film in the world, with an annual production capacity of 500 million pieces, and is one of the initiators of this industry.

It is predicted that the introduction of this technical standard will not only mean that environmentally friendly and economical electrothermal film heating will enter thousands of households faster, but also mean the revitalization of electrothermal film and high-frequency electromagnetic heater heating industry, which means the coming of low-carbon development spring in heating industry.