Yellow Crane Tower
The Yellow Crane Tower, known as one of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, was originally located at the head of the Yellow Crane Tower in Sheshan, Wuchang, Hubei. According to legend, it was built in the second year of Wu in the Three Kingdoms (AD 223). In the long river of history, the Yellow Crane Tower has experienced vicissitudes, been destroyed and built repeatedly, and traveled around the world for more than 30 times. The Yellow Crane Tower was last destroyed in August of the 10th year of Guangxu in the late Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1884). Due to the fire in Dongjiapo residential building outside Hanyang Gate, the wind and fire were fierce, which damaged the tower. This historical building was quickly reduced to ashes, leaving only a few thousand kilograms of bronze tripod with treasure cover.
The problem of rebuilding the Yellow Crane Tower was raised as early as the decision to build the Yangtze River Bridge in the early days of the People's Republic of China. After decades of repeated research and preparation, the Yellow Crane Tower reconstruction project finally broke ground in July 198 1 and was completed at the end of 1984, just before the last Yellow Crane Tower was destroyed 100. The rebuilt Yellow Crane Tower is located on the Shanxi slope of the senior official at the western end of Snake Mountain, facing the gate of Wuchang Old Town and crossing the Yangtze River Bridge in Beijing-Guangzhou. The new building has five floors, with a height of 5 1.4m and an antique reinforced concrete structure. Although it is farther away from the river than the former site of the Yellow Crane Tower, the Yellow Crane Tower has unprecedented and unparalleled scenery because of its towering peaks, majestic momentum and broad vision.
This famous building is full of legends, which makes it even more magical. According to Lu, the Yellow Crane Tower was originally a hotel opened by the Xin family. Before leaving, a Taoist drew a crane on the wall to thank her for her thousand cups and told her that it could come down and dance for fun. From then on, the guests were full and the business was booming. 10 years later, the Taoist priest came back and played with a flute. The Taoist priest set foot on the yellow crane and went straight to the sky. In memory of the fairy who helped her get rich, Xin's family built a building in her place and named it "Yellow Crane Tower". One of them said that a man named Wei Fei cultivated immortals in the Yellow Crane Mountain and then ascended to heaven by the Yellow Crane. Later, in memory of Wei Fei, people built a Yellow Crane Tower on the Yellow Crane Mountain. Of course, the above are all myths and legends. During the Three Kingdoms period, the building on the top of this mountain near the river was originally for military needs, and later it gradually became a tourist attraction with rich articles, banquets, friends, poems and scenery. Celebrities of past dynasties, such as Cui Hao, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Jia Dao, Xia Song, Lu You, etc. , has been here, poetry as fu. Cui Hao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, boarded the Yellow Crane Tower and wrote a masterpiece that has been told for generations: "In the past, the Yellow Crane carried saints to heaven, but now only the Yellow Crane Tower is left, and the yellow crane will never return to the world, and the white clouds will never fly. Hanyang has a clear tree and a nest of incense in Nautilus Island, but I look forward to my hometown, and the twilight is getting dark, and the smoky river is sad." Later, Li Bai also boarded the Yellow Crane Tower and looked at Chutian from afar. He was broad-minded and poetic. When he was about to start writing a poem, he saw Cui Hao's poem, so he felt ashamed and had to say, "At present. Cui Hao wrote a poem, and Li Bai put pen to paper. Since then, he has gained great fame.
When Wuchang approach bridge of Yangtze River Bridge 1957 was built, the former site of Yellow Crane Tower was occupied, and now the reconstructed Yellow Crane Tower is located at Sheshanfengling, which is about 1 km away from the former site. The ancient Yellow Crane Tower "has three floors, with a height of 9 feet 2 feet and a copper roof of 7 feet, * * * becomes the number of 99." The new building is more magnificent, with a 5-meter-high gourd-shaped treasure top. The building has five floors and is 50.4 meters high, nearly 20 meters higher than the Drum Tower. The pyramid-shaped roof, with layers of cornices, looks like one. There are other buildings around the main building, such as victory tower, stele gallery and mountain gate. The whole building has a unique national style. The ground floor of Gu Lou is "15m wide" and the ground floor of the new building is 30m wide. Therefore, the Yellow Crane Tower is not a restoration, but a reconstruction. It retains some characteristics of Gu Lou, but it is more designed according to the current needs and the changes of people's aesthetic standards. The new Yellow Crane Tower is more spectacular than the old one. This is because the Yangtze River Bridge, which flies across the river, is in front of us, opposite the 24-story Qingchuan Hotel. This group of buildings complement each other and add a lot of color to Jiangcheng Wuhan.
Inside the Yellow Crane Tower, layers of styles are different. The ground floor is a large and spacious hall, with caissons as high as 10 meters in the middle. On the front wall is a huge ceramic mural of "White Clouds and Yellow Crane", and couplets as long as 7 meters are hung on the columns on both sides:
The west is cool, and the clouds sweep the world;
A river gone forever, the waves washed away the troubles of the past and present.
The architectural feature of the Yellow Crane Tower is that the roofs of each floor are staggered and overlapped, and the corners are tilted, as if the crane wings spread their wings. Crane painting is the main part inside and outside the building, with moire, flowers, dragons and phoenixes as the foil. The front wall of the lobby on the first floor is a huge ceramic mural with the theme of "White Clouds and Yellow Crane". The surrounding space shows important documents about the Yellow Crane Tower in past dynasties, landscape prints of famous poems, and replicas of paintings of the Yellow Crane Tower in past dynasties. On the front wall of the hall on the second floor, the marble of Yellow Crane Tower written by Yan in Tang Dynasty is engraved, describing the rise and fall of the Yellow Crane Tower and anecdotes of celebrities. There are two murals on both sides of Lou Ji, one is "Sun Quan built a city", which vividly illustrates the birth history of the Yellow Crane Tower and Wuchang City; The other is Zhou Yu's Banquet, which reflects the celebrity activities from the Three Kingdoms to the Yellow Crane Tower. The murals in the lobby on the third floor are "Xiu Xiang paintings" by Cui Hao, Li Bai, Bai Juyi and other famous people in Tang and Song Dynasties, and there are also excerpts from their famous sentences chanting the Yellow Crane Tower. The hall on the fourth floor is divided into several small halls with screens, and contemporary celebrity calligraphy and painting are built in for tourists to enjoy and buy. There are long scrolls and murals such as the Map of the Yangtze River in the top hall. Walking out of the outer corridor of the fifth floor hall, you can look around and have a wide view. Nearly 90 meters above the river, the scenery on both sides of the strait is vivid and refreshing. The snake mountain area where the Yellow Crane Tower is located has been turned into the Yellow Crane Tower Park. Many flowers and trees have been planted, and some buildings such as archways, pavilions, corridors and so on. There is a poem tablet gallery, which contains many stones engraved with the works of famous poets in past dynasties. The ancient scenic spots around Sheshan will be restored one after another. The Yellow Crane Tower will become the symbol of Wuhan, the central city in central China.
Wang Teng ge
Wang Teng Pavilion stands on the bank of Ganjiang River. It is a famous pavilion throughout the ages and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. Known as "the first floor of Xijiang River".
Wang Teng Pavilion is named after Wang Teng Li Yuanying. The 22nd son of Li Yuan, the younger brother of Emperor Taizong, was made King Teng in June of the 13th year of Zhenguan (639), and later moved to Hongzhou (Nanchang) as the prefect. He made no achievements in Nanchang. It was only four years (653) that Tang Yonghui built a tower on the banks of the Ganjiang River in the west of the city, named "Wang Tengting".
"The setting sun is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water is * * * the sky is one color" is a sentence in Preface to Wang Tengting written by Wang Bo, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, in the second year of Shangyuan in Tang Gaozong (675). For thousands of years, the names of pavilions have been circulated in order, which has added a lot of romance to Nanchang.
It has a history of 1300 years since the establishment of Wang Teng Pavilion in the early Tang Dynasty. In this long history, there are as many as 28 abandoned big stars. Construction No.29 was laid in 65,438+0,983, and the Double Ninth Festival was completed in 65,438+0,989.
The rebuilt Wang Teng Pavilion is located at the intersection of Ganjiang River and Fuhe River, covering an area of 4.3 hectares. Back to Linjiang City, near Nanpu, facing the Western Hills, with a broad vision, only 100 meters away from Tangge, without losing the artistic conception in Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion. This reconstruction adopts the style of Song Dynasty, with the back of the city facing the river highlighting the magnificent momentum. The pavilion is 57.5 meters high, with three floors bright and seven floors dark, plus two floors with nine floors, glazed tiles, gold-plated double eaves, carved screen pavilions and vermicelli columns, which are simple and elegant and spectacular. There are two pavilions "Jiangyang" and "Cui Yi" on the north and south sides of the main building, which are connected with the main building. Besides the main pavilion, there are gardens, rockeries, pavilions, lotus ponds and other buildings. No matter from the height, volume, floor space or architectural style, Wang Teng Pavilion can be listed as one of the main classical pavilions in China.
Yueyang Tower
Yueyang Tower is located in Yueyang, an ancient cultural city with a long history, and was called "Baling" in ancient times. It is located in the north of Hunan Province, where the vast Dongting Lake and the Wanli Yangtze River meet. Yueyang Tower, the first of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, is located at the head of Ximen City, an ancient city born of water. Yueyang has mountains, water, buildings, picturesque scenery and many places of interest. The beauty of Yueyang scenery is concentrated in Dongting Lake, and the bell is on the first floor of Yueyang. Baling Scenic Area, centered on Yueyang Tower and Junshan Mountain, is well known. Known as "Dongting is the world's water and Yueyang is the world's building", it deserves to be called "Dongting is the world's water and Yueyang is the world's building". Yueyang Tower, Wuchang Yellow Crane Tower and Nanchang Knee King Pavilion are collectively called "Three Famous Buildings in the South of the Yangtze River". Yueyang Tower stands on the east bank of Dongting Lake, on the wall of the west gate of Yueyang City, with the vast Dongting Lake in the west and the Yangtze River rolling eastward in the north. Shui Ying set each other off, known as "Dongting is the world's water and Yueyang is the world's building", and it is one of the famous tourist attractions in China.
Yueyang Tower was built around 220 AD with a history of 1700 years. Its predecessor is said to be the Yuejun Tower of Lu Su, a general of Dongwu in the Three Kingdoms period, the Baling Tower in the Western Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the South Tower in the early Tang Dynasty, and the Yueyang Tower only after Li Bai wrote poems in the middle Tang Dynasty. Yueyang Tower is 2 1.5m high, with three floors, cornices and pure wood structure. The roof is covered with yellow glazed tiles, which is dreamy in shape. The plaque of Yueyang Tower was written by Guo Moruo. Poets in history, such as Du Fu, Han Yu, Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi and Li Shangyin. , to visit the site, leaving many masterpieces, making Yueyang Tower famous all over the world. In a.d. 1045, Teng rebuilt Yueyang Tower in the spring of four years, and invited Fan Zhongyan, a good friend and writer, to write The Story of Yueyang Tower. Since then, Yueyang Tower has become more famous. The furnishings in Yueyang Tower are unique. Each floor is hung with couplets written by famous artists of all ages. There is a carved screen of Yueyang Tower on the first floor and the second floor, and the carved screen on the first floor is a replica of the 9th century A.D./KLOC-0. The carved screen embedded in the second floor was written by Zhang Zhao, a great calligrapher in18th century. It is a first-class treasure handed down from generation to generation with its square font, vigorous brushwork and changeable techniques. The carved screen on the third floor is Mao Zedong Du Fu's poem "Climbing Yueyang Tower", with bold brushwork and both form and spirit. The carved screen is dazzling with golden light. 1988 Yueyang Tower was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Yueyang Tower has experienced many vicissitudes, and it has been destroyed and repaired repeatedly. The Yueyang Tower we see now was rebuilt in the sixth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1867). The whole building can be summarized in eight words: pure wood with four columns and three floors. The main building of Yueyang Tower is three stories high, with a height of15m. It is supported by four big nanmu trees in the middle, surrounded by 12 columns, and surrounded by 30 wooden columns. The whole building is integrated, without a nail or a giant beam. 12 high-toothed cornice (like a bird's beak pecking at high altitude). The roof is yellow glazed tile, resplendent and magnificent. The curve is smooth, steep and upturned, just like the helmet of an ancient warrior, called the helmet top. The wishful bucket arch under the helmet is as delicate as a honeycomb. According to ancient records, Yueyang Tower is an ancient building with a "pure wood structure and a helmet roof", which fully demonstrates the unique style and brilliant achievements of ancient architectural art in China.
Let's talk about folk stories again. Due to its long history and important position, Yueyang Tower's architecture (as well as many times of destruction and repair) is exquisite, with a rich collection of humanities in past dynasties. Therefore, there are many legends and stories about Yueyang Tower circulating in Yueyang and Dongting Lake, which have various social values. Among them, there are famous craftsmen and immortals such as Lu Ban, Zhang, etc. who built Yueyang Tower; About the origin of Yueyang Tower, there are Lu Su military parade platform and Yueyang Tower. Regarding the carved screen of Yueyang Tower, there are "Zhang Zhao Title Screen" and "True and False Carved Screen"; Regarding the amorous feelings of Yueyang Tower, the most famous ones are Lv Dongbin Sanzui Yueyang Tower and Langyin Pavilion. If the legends about the scenery near Yueyang Tower are included, then there are Meixi Bridge, Jinque Mountain, Liu Yijing, Seventy-two Fairy Snails as Junshan, Second Concubine Tomb, Junshan Mountain and Secretariat History. It can be seen that there are so many legends and stories about Yueyang Tower, and the style displayed is so beautiful.
Penglai Pavilion
Penglai Pavilion is located in the west of Yantai City (one hour's drive), on the Ya Dan in the north of Penglai City, and it is also known as the four famous buildings in China with Yellow Crane Tower, Yueyang Tower and Wangtengting. According to documents, the Dragon Palace and Mituo Temple were built in the Tang Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, 106 1 year, Penglai Pavilion was built by county magistrate Zhu Chu for people to visit. In the seventeenth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, namely 1589, Governor Dai Li built many buildings near Penglai Pavilion. 18 19, the well-informed magistrate Yang Fengchang and company commander Liu Qinghe presided over the expansion, which made Penglai Pavilion have its present scale.
There is a fairy bridge with exquisite structure and strange shape under Penglai Pavilion, which is the place where the Eight Immortals crossed the sea in myth. On the east side are the Shangqing Palace, Lvzu Memorial Hall, Zhaopulou and Guanlan Pavilion. The west wing is the shelter pavilion, the Tianhou Palace (commonly known as the Empress Hall), the Theater and the Dragon Palace. These pavilions are patchwork and integrated with Penglai Pavilion, collectively known as Penglai Pavilion. Penglai Pavilion covers an area of 32,800 square meters, with a building area of18,960 square meters (* * * has more than 100 buildings). Pavilions and pavilions are evenly distributed, and architecture and gardens complement each other. Because of its topography, spectacular coordination, beautiful scenery and pleasant breeze, Penglai Pavilion has become a famous tourist area all over the world. 1982 the State Council announced Shuicheng and Penglai Pavilion as national key cultural relics protection units.
Every building in Penglai Pavilion is surrounded by pavilions, halls and pavilions of various styles, just like the stars arching the moon. The layout of the museum is ingenious and seamless; Layers overlap, patchwork. The couplets in pavilions are dazzling. The main pavilion of Penglai Pavilion is a two-story wooden structure, with a single window, Zhu Hu cornices and Reva, carved beams and painted buildings, which are simple and spectacular. Boarding the main pavilion, leaning against the railing and looking around, obscure clouds are wrapped around you, and pavilions are reflected in the shadows, making people feel different.