Shenzhou VII was launched on September 25th, 2008 at 2 1: 10: 04.988 milliseconds. The spacecraft landed successfully at the main landing site of Siziwangqi, Inner Mongolia, China on September 28th, 2008 17: 37. Shenzhou VII spacecraft flew for 2 days, 20 hours and 28 minutes.
Launch condition
No precipitation, the ground wind speed is less than 8 meters per second, and the horizontal visibility is more than 20 kilometers;
From 8 hours before launch to 1 hour after launch, there is no lightning activity within 30 km to 40 km of the site;
The maximum wind speed in the airspace 3 km to 18 km from the launch site of the ship and arrow is less than 70 meters per second, and there should be no lightning for 9 hours before and after launch.
The preferred launch time of Shenzhou VII is September 25th, 2008. On June 5438+0 1, Huang Chunping, head of the China manned space rocket system advisory group, told the relevant media that the preferred launch time of the "Shenzhou VII" manned spacecraft was around 9 pm on September 25th, 2008.
The launch times of Shenzhou V, Shenzhou VI and Chang 'e I are all in the middle and late period of 10, and the launch of Shenzhou VII will be advanced to the end of this month. According to experts, there are many suitable launch windows in September and 10. However, since Shenzhou VII will carry out the spacewalk mission, the angle of the sun when taking off at the end of September is more suitable for astronauts' extravehicular activities, which can make the spacecraft see the sun in the shortest time and ensure that the astronauts have sunshine when they leave the cabin.
The best meteorological conditions for launching manned space flight mainly include: no precipitation, ground wind speed less than 8 meters per second and horizontal visibility more than 20 kilometers; From 8 hours before launch to 1 hour after launch, there is no lightning activity within 30 km to 40 km of the site; The maximum wind speed in the airspace 3 km to 18 km from the launch site of the ship and arrow is less than 70 meters per second, and there should be no lightning for 9 hours before and after launch.
Huang Chunping said that whether it can be launched as scheduled depends mainly on the weather at the launch site at that time. Light rain and temperature generally do not affect the normal launch of the spacecraft, but strong wind may cause the spacecraft to delay the launch, because the wind speed exceeds the bearing capacity of the rocket and may change its flight direction.
Huang Chunping revealed that the astronauts' spacewalk will be carried out after the spacecraft enters orbit and flies around the earth for more than five times.
After "Shenzhou V" and "Shenzhou VI" were launched into orbit, it was impossible to take photos of the outside of the spacecraft in space, and the live TV broadcast at that time was limited to the cabin. And "Shenzhou VII" will be able to make up for this shortcoming after releasing the accompanying small satellite. According to experts, the small satellite can fly around at close range because it is equipped with a CCD stereo camera, which can provide the first three-dimensional exterior photo of the spacecraft in orbit and the real-time picture of the astronauts' extravehicular activities.
Pang Zhihao, a researcher at the China Academy of Space Technology, said that internationally, both situations exist, whether it is a day launch or a night launch.
"Shenzhou VII" astronaut
The Shenzhou VII spacecraft was launched on September 25th, and China's first spacewalk was carried out by two-time astronaut Zhai Zhigang.
The three astronauts selected for Shenzhou VII spacecraft include Zhai Zhigang who was selected for Shenzhou V and Shenzhou VI, and two teammates Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng who were also selected for Shenzhou VI.
Zhai Zhigang performed the extravehicular task, and Liu Boming was the first choice. Zhai Zhigang, 42, is from Longxiang County, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province. 1985 joined the air force, and the safety flight record exceeded 1000 hours.
Shenzhou VII was launched from 9: 00 pm to 10 on the 25th of this month. The afternoon of 26th and 27th is the most suitable time to leave the cabin, when two astronauts will enter the orbital module. Because the spacesuit is very heavy, the cost exceeds 1 100 million yuan, and it can only be put on with the help of another person. This spacewalk will take about 40 minutes. The astronauts will be connected to two lifeline. The spacesuit is developed on the basis of Russian spacesuit, which provides oxygen, pressure, power supply and communication equipment. After the astronauts leave the cabin, there will be a small satellite with a camera lens on it, which will broadcast the spacewalk live. If this technology is successful, it will be a breakthrough in China's space science and technology. About 68 hours after launch, all the experiments will be completed. On the afternoon of 28th, the spacecraft will return to Earth.
Shenzhou VII is about to launch, and the last rocket and telemetry system test has been completed. The security level inside and outside Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center has been upgraded in an all-round way, and the security of nearby military airports has also been strengthened. Radar and various detection instruments have been put into operation, and various arrangements have been made on the ground and above.
The radar is constantly detecting, and the sky and the ground are fully fortified. This military airport is about 100 km away from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, which is the only way to the launch center and another protective net outside the launch center, ensuring that all preparations for the launch of Shenzhou VII are foolproof. During the last two launches of Shenzhou 5 and Shenzhou VI, Chinese leaders went from Beijing to Jiuquan Launch Center to watch the launching process. They all go to the military airport first and then transfer to the launch center. The range from the launch center to the military airport has been completely listed as a military restricted area, and the road to space has been completely blocked. No one is allowed to stay in this area, let alone shoot. Shenzhou V, Shenzhou VI and Shenzhou VII were all launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, but security was obviously strengthened every time. The number of checkpoints leading to the space city has increased from one or two in the past to three or four. Every day, checkpoints are guarded by armed police and the People's Liberation Army. All vehicles from Space Road to the launch center must have a pass to be released, and all drivers and passengers must register their certificates.
Eventually Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng will fly, and Zhai Zhigang is expected to walk in space. The first choice is Liu Boming.
Brief introduction of spacecraft
On the afternoon of September 24th, 2008 14: 30, entrusted by the Shenzhou VII manned space flight headquarters, Wang Zhaoyao announced that it would launch directly from September 25th from 2 1: 07 to 22: 27 for manned space flight. At that time, China astronauts will leave the cabin for spacewalk for the first time. At present, the core technical difficulties such as air lock cabin have been overcome, and the whole ship has entered the comprehensive testing stage. The Long March II F rocket used to launch the Shenzhou VII spacecraft completed the full arrow assembly before the end of February 65438+2007. It is reported that the "Shenzhou VII" spacewalk has higher assessment requirements for astronauts. Because the pressure in the spacesuit is lower than normal, it may release nitrogen in human tissues and form air embolism in blood vessels, leading to decompression sickness and even endangering the lives of astronauts! Therefore, after the astronauts put on the spacesuit, they must fully absorb the oxygen in the airlock, assist the working astronauts to return to the inner cabin (i.e. the orbital module), close the inner door, and then the airlock begins to decompress to vacuum, which is consistent with the vacuum state outside the spacecraft. At this time, the astronauts can leave the cabin. When returning to the cabin after completing the mission of leaving the cabin, it is necessary to decompress the spacesuit to a certain extent, and then inflate the airlock.
Zhang, deputy commander of China's manned spaceflight project, said that the future Shenzhou VII spacecraft will not be a simple repetition of Shenzhou VI, and it has broken through many key technologies. Shenzhou VII spacecraft is still launched by Long March II F carrier rocket, which has successfully sent six shenzhou spaceship into space and has a mature technical foundation. At present, the procurement and production of parts for new launch vehicles have begun. Jing Muchun, the chief designer of the rocket, said that this time they will use higher quality components. In view of the previous flight situation of the rocket, researchers will also make partial improvements to this rocket to further improve its reliability. In addition, they are still considering adding some cameras to the rocket.
Starting from Shenzhou VII, China entered the second stage of manned space flight. At this stage, the scientific goals of astronauts' extravehicular walking and space rendezvous and docking will be realized one after another. All the launching tasks of the second phase project are undertaken by Chang-2 F rocket.
detailed information
Astronauts fly Shenzhou VII like airplanes.
Zhang Bainan, chief designer of China manned spacecraft system, said that on June 38+03, two astronauts of Shenzhou VI conducted four "on-orbit interference force" experiments, including opening and closing doors, putting on pressure suits, passing through the cabin and extracting condensed water. The results show that the astronauts' large-scale actions have little effect on the spacecraft attitude, and the spacecraft attitude remains good. Astronaut Fei Longjun, who was flying in space, learned the result and made four consecutive forward rolls on the spaceship the next day. Zhang Bainan said that this is the astronaut's own game, not arranged in advance. The results of this space flight show that Fei Longjun and Nie Haisheng can give orders correctly at any time from the moment they just took off to the moment they are ready to return, and they can control all kinds of equipment accurately, and the operations of opening and closing doors can also be successful at one time. Zhang Bainan said that with the foundation of this experiment, "Shenzhou VII" will arrange for astronauts to "fly a spaceship like an airplane"!
"Shenzhou VII" astronauts are going to take a spacewalk.
Academician Qi Faren believes that human beings go to heaven not for tourism, but for the research, development and utilization of space environment. In the past, Yang Liwei was just the first step to give it a try. It will take many people and many days to finish this task. For example, to assemble a space station or repair a satellite, people must get out of the cabin, and it takes at least two people to get out of the cabin. In the future, I will go to the space station by means of transportation, dock with the space station, and pick up the people inside after opening the door. From abroad, they spent a lot of experiments to do this. Now, according to our plan, "Shenzhou VII" hopes that people can get out of the cabin, which is called spacewalk by ordinary people. "Out of the cabin, of course. How far is it from the cabin? It can also be closer or farther. " Academician Qi Faren said that the next step in China is to solve the rendezvous and docking, and there must be at least three people in the rendezvous and docking. Therefore, our spacecraft should have this ability: three people stay in the sky for seven days, and they can get 300 kilograms when they go up, and they can get 100 kilograms when they come back. If we succeed this time, we don't need two people to try for a few more days. Then we will leave the cabin next time. Academician Qi Faren believes that Shenzhou VII, who is about to leave the capsule, must solve two major problems on the basis of Shenzhou VI. Now astronauts have a sealed cabin in which they wear spacesuits. Without this cabin, there would be no air, so the spacesuit itself must be able to supply oxygen. The second is that when there is no temperature control, the spacesuit can guarantee its normal temperature, so this spacesuit is equivalent to a small sealed cabin, which is quite complicated. A more advanced spacesuit can also be equipped with an engine and leave a little fire, which is equivalent to a small spaceship. These conditions are needed to leave the cabin. Academician Qi Faren said that in the future, we should have airlock cabins on board. People should put on spacesuits and go in, close the door and open the outside door. If you open the door, the air will be exhausted, so there is an airlock. "I'm just talking about two main things. As astronauts, we have extravehicular spacesuits. As our spaceship, we must have an airlock cabin to ensure that there must be an atmospheric pressure in the original cabin. "
Space experiment
The Chinese Academy of Sciences made public the contents of manned space experiments.
The person in charge of the Chinese Academy of Sciences said that the main task of the manned spacecraft engineering application system is to carry out space-to-earth observation, space science and technology experiments. The goal of China's manned space engineering application system (Phase I) is to vigorously promote and develop China's space science and space application technology, make valuable contributions to national economic construction and social development, and lay a foundation for future participatory space science and technology experiments.
Among them, the "Earth Observation Mission" aims at developing advanced space remote sensors and exploring the scientific research of the earth system, and determines on-orbit experiments and application tasks such as medium resolution imaging spectrometer, multi-mode microwave remote sensor (including microwave altimeter, radiometer and scatterometer), earth environment monitoring and remote sensing application research. Earth environmental monitoring includes solar constant monitoring, solar and earth ultraviolet radiation monitoring and earth radiation budget detection. The application research of remote sensing lays the foundation for the development of remote sensing application technology in China; Carry out research and demonstration on the application of imaging spectrum technology and microwave remote sensing technology in ocean, land and atmosphere.
"Space Science Research" has arranged space life science, microgravity science (including space material science engineering and microgravity fluid physics research engineering), space astronomy engineering, space environment prediction and monitoring tasks, with the goal of comprehensively improving the level of space science in China. "Space Life Science and Biotechnology" has developed a variety of space experimental equipment, and carried out research on space biological effect, space protein crystallization, space cell culture, space cell electrofusion, space protein and separation and purification of biological macromolecules. "Space Materials Science Research" develops multi-station crystal growth furnaces and crystal growth observation devices, conducts research and space growth of binary and ternary semiconductor photoelectric materials, transparent oxide crystals, metals and alloys, and studies the growth dynamics of space crystals; The research of "space environment forecasting and monitoring" can establish a space environment forecasting center, issue long-term, medium-term and short-term space environment forecasts and warnings, predict the effect, and ensure the safety of astronauts, manned spacecraft and space equipment.