(1) emergency call

Emergency calls are unified throughout the country and generally include:

Fei Jing-1 10

Fire alarm number-1 19

Medical rescue-120

To make these three calls, you don't need to dial the area code, and you are free of telephone charges; Coin-operated and magnetic card telephones do not require coin-operated or inserted magnetic cards.

Remember: calling the police is a very serious matter. Don't joke or just call out of curiosity!

1. How to call the "1 10" alarm number?

(1) After dialing "1 10", do you want to ask again: "1 10"? Once confirmed, please indicate the exact address of the bill or help immediately.

(2) Briefly explain the situation. If it is for help, please explain the reason; If there is a case, it shows the number of gangsters, means of transportation, tools for committing crimes, etc.

(3) Tell your name and contact number so that the public security organ can keep in touch with you.

(4) If criminals are committing crimes, pay attention to concealment when dialing "1 10" to prevent criminals from finding out.

2. How to call the "1 19" alarm number?

Early warning, little loss. Once the fire is found, it should be put out actively and reported to the fire department in time.

The Fire Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that anyone who finds a fire shall call the police immediately. Any unit or individual shall provide convenience for the alarm person free of charge and shall not block the alarm. The specific alarm methods are as follows:

(1) When dialing the emergency number "1 19", be calm and calm, and then dial after hearing the dial tone.

(2) After dialing, ask the other party again whether it is "1 19" to avoid making a mistake. Accurately report the fire address (road name, alley name, house number). If you are not clear, please explain the geographical location, obvious buildings or road signs around.

(3) Briefly explain the cause and scope of the fire, so that firefighters can take corresponding fire-fighting measures in time.

(4) Don't hang up in a hurry and calmly answer the police officer's questions.

(5) After the phone hangs up, send someone to meet the fire truck at the intersection.

(6) It is the duty of every citizen to call the police in time when a fire is found.

3. How to call "120" for medical help?

"120" medical rescue telephone is an international medical rescue telephone, which is a special telephone for residents to seek medical emergency in their daily lives.

(1) After dialing "120", one more question: "Is this the medical rescue center?" In case you dial the wrong number.

(2) Make clear the address or location, age, sex and illness of the emergency personnel, so that the emergency personnel can arrive at the emergency scene in time and quickly, and strive for rescue time.

(3) Tell your name and contact number so that the ambulance personnel can keep in touch with you.

(b) How to send a simple distress signal?

When you are trapped or in danger and have no communication tools, you should immediately send a simple distress signal:

1. Sound survival signals, such as shouting, whistling, washing basin, etc.

2. Light distress signal: use flashlight, mirror to reflect sunlight and other methods. Flash 6 times per minute, and after a pause of one minute, repeat the same signal for help.

3. Throw soft objects for help: when you are in distress at high altitude, you can throw pillows and empty plastic bottles. Ask for help.

4. Fireworks distress signal: In case of distress in the wild, you can burn fresh branches, grass and other plants during the day and release smoke to attract attention; At night, you can light dry wood and make a fire to ask for help.

5. Text signal for help in the wild: pile up "SOS" or other text for help with branches, stones or clothes in the open space, each word is at least 6 meters long, and send a distress signal to the sky.

Common English words for HELP: SOS (help), SEND (send), DOCTOR (doctor), help (help), injury (injury), TRAPPED (trapped) and LOST.

Second, how to do artificial respiration

In life, accidents such as electric shock, drowning and heatstroke may lead to respiratory arrest. At this time, while calling the emergency number 120, artificial respiration should be carried out in time to win time for rescuing the injured. The simplest and most practical method is mouth-to-mouth blowing:

1. Let the patient face up and head back as far as possible;

2. Hold the patient's nose with your hand, take a breath first, then aim your mouth at the patient's mouth, blow hard and then move your mouth away, so that the blown air can be exhaled passively. Inhale and exhale regularly, 12 ~ 16 times per minute, until breathing is restored. Artificial respiration must be carried out at the same time as chest compressions, because the heart stops beating soon after breathing stops.

Third, power failure emergency

Power supply interruption is one of the common problems in the family. Preventing and solving power failure is an important part of making "family emergency plan". It is recommended to make the following preparations:

1. Consider buying or renting a small generator for temporary power generation. The generator must be a qualified product, and the specific operation should be carried out in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions!

2. Sort out the telephone numbers of manufacturers and service providers of household appliances and facilities, and post them to facilitate contact when problems arise!

3. There must be emergency tools and articles for power failure at home.

(1) standing electrician tool kit!

(2) Light sticks, flashlights, candles and other lighting items can be prepared in case of short-term power failure; Pay attention to prevent candles or other flammable light and heat sources from causing fire hazards!

(3) In the case of long-term power failure, you should prepare a manually rechargeable radio, a battery-powered radio, a spare battery and a best-wound clock.

4. Make sure that there is spare heat source and fuel in the house in case of power failure!

5. Install wired phones at home (cordless phones need electricity, and mobile phone batteries are limited)!

6. If the garage door at home is electric, know how to open it when there is a power failure!

7. If there is only one power outage in your home and there is no power outage near your home, please check the safety box or power outage protection switch box! If you want to change the fuse, please turn off the large electrical appliance first, then change the fuse and turn on the power again!

8. If there is power failure nearby, all electrical equipment should be cut off as much as possible to reduce power demand and protect the motor from possible low voltage damage!

9. Please turn off the power when you leave home! Unplug the computer and other voltage-sensitive equipment to prevent the electrical appliances from being damaged by the possible peak when the power supply is restored!

10. In case of power failure in cold season.

(1) Doors, curtains, and curtains should be closed, so that indoor heat is not easily lost!

(2) Close the refrigerator or freezer! If it is sealed, stuffed food can be kept fresh for two days.

(3) When using briquettes, gas or coal for heating indoors, ventilation must be maintained to prevent the accumulation of toxic smoke! Never barbecue with coal or gas indoors, it will produce carbon monoxide and poison people!

Four methods of water purification treatment

Water is the most basic substance needed by human body. In the event of a disaster, drinking water sources are often polluted. Polluted water may contain microorganisms that cause dysentery, typhoid fever or hepatitis, except that it smells different and tastes bad. Therefore, before drinking, we should remove all the uncertain substances in the water.

Learning water purification treatment is an important means of disaster emergency and survival, and it is of indispensable significance for us to formulate "family emergency plan" and prepare for family emergency. Here we introduce four water purification methods: boiling, chemical, filtration and distillation.

1. Boiling method

Boiling is the simplest method in water purification. Although boiling can't remove pollutants such as heavy metals, salts or pesticides, it can kill most viruses and bacteria. The specific approach is:

Heat the water to the boiling point and keep it boiling for 10 minutes (some water will be evaporated), then let the water cool before drinking!

How to improve the taste of water: pour it into a closed container with a lid and shake it for a minute or two, then some oxygen will supplement the oxygen during boiling.

2. Chemical methods

Bleach can be used to purify polluted water (pigment safety bleach or cleaning bleach can be added).

Dosage and method: 0/6 drops per gallon/kloc, and stir for 30 minutes. If the smell of bleaching agent in water is weak, the bleaching agent can be added repeatedly according to the above dosage and stirred for 15 minutes.

Iodine purification: it can kill most viruses and germs, but it can't remove heavy metals, salts, chemicals or pesticides. The dosage depends on the water quality, and it can be added, stirred and left for a certain time (for example, 20 minutes).

3. Filtration method

It is a very good purification method to filter and purify polluted water with a filtering device. The water filtration device can completely filter pollutants of 2 microns or less, and its activated carbon filter layer can remove harmful bacteria, heavy metals, chemicals and pesticides.

4. Distillation

Distillation is a treatment method of boiling water first, then condensing water vapor into water and collecting it. The water purified by this method will not contain bacteria, viruses, heavy metals and most other compounds along the river. Specific practices can be referred to as follows:

Fill the teapot with water and heat it. Put a drinking cup with the bottom facing down at the mouth of the teapot and a bowl under the mouth of the cup to collect distilled water dripping from the mouth of the cup.

Five, the top ten taboos of injury first aid

1. Don't be slow in first aid for the asphyxiated! If you suffocate by fire, drowning, etc. , should immediately carry out artificial respiration, active rescue!

2. Acute abdominal pain should not take painkillers or laxatives, so as not to cover up the condition and delay the diagnosis. You should go to the hospital as soon as possible!

3. Avoid abdominal injury and immediate reset after visceral prolapse! Exudated viscera must be thoroughly disinfected by a doctor before replacement to prevent serious consequences caused by infection.

4. Avoid stopping bleeding by mistake! Trauma hemostasis is a common first-aid measure, and the tourniquet is preferably a rubber tube, bandage, rope and tie. Tourniquet ligation should not be too long! Every 1 hour, the tourniquet should be loosened 1 quarter of an hour, and records should be made to prevent ischemic necrosis of the distal limb caused by excessive ligation of the limb.

5. Don't dress small and deep wounds casually! If stabbed by a sharp weapon, the wound will be deprived of oxygen, leading to the growth of anaerobic bacteria such as tetanus Bacillus. Debridement and disinfection should be done before dressing, and tetanus antitoxin should be injected.

6. Patients with cardiogenic asthma should avoid lying flat! Because lying down will increase the burden of blood stasis in the lungs and heart, make asthma worse and endanger life! You should take a semi-recumbent position and let your lower limbs droop!

7. Patients with cerebral hemorrhage should avoid walking around at will! A paralyzed person who suddenly falls into a coma or has a cerebral hemorrhage during the activity is likely to have a cerebral hemorrhage. If they move freely, the bleeding will be more serious. They should lie flat, raise their heads and send them to the hospital at once!

8. Coma patients should not lie on their backs! It should be placed on the side to prevent suffocation caused by inhalation of oral secretions and vomit into the respiratory tract. No food, no water for comatose patients!

9. Diarrhea patients should avoid taking antidiarrheal drugs! Eating antidiarrheal drugs before anti-inflammation will make it difficult to excrete toxins and aggravate intestinal inflammation. Before using antidiarrheal drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs such as furazolidone, berberine and norfloxacin should be used first.

10. Avoid rescuing people who get an electric shock by hand! When someone is found to get an electric shock, the power supply should be cut off immediately, and the wires should be arranged immediately with insulators such as dry sticks and bamboo poles.

Six, after gas poisoning, how to take first aid and nursing measures?

When someone is found to be poisoned by gas, you should immediately open the doors and windows where the gas leaks, make the air circulate to disperse the gas, and turn off the gas switch; At the same time, all naked flames are prohibited from entering the site, including smoking, ignition, turning on lights or other electrical equipment, and no phone calls are allowed on site.

For patients with mild poisoning (conscious), they should be quickly moved to a place with good air circulation and no gas pollution, to help them take a deep breath and gradually discharge carbon monoxide from their bodies, so that they can have a full rest.

Serious poisoning (unconsciousness or coma) should be immediately sent to a hospital with hyperbaric oxygen chamber for emergency treatment. Before arriving at the hospital, the following measures should be taken:

1. Remove all obstacles that affect the breathing of the poisoned person, such as unbuttoning the collar and bra, unbuttoning the belt, and removing foreign bodies from the mouth;

2. When the poisoned person is unconscious, drink strong tea, soda water or coffee in moderation to prevent him from falling asleep. If the victim's body is cold, use a hot water bottle or friction to keep warm.

3. When the poisoned person loses consciousness, in addition to the above measures, the poisoned person should be placed in a flat place for artificial respiration when necessary. Keep quiet after regaining consciousness.

Seven, food poisoning

1. In case of food poisoning, send it to the hospital in time, and don't take medicine indiscriminately. The sooner you treat it, the better. Don't waste time. Patients should keep medical records, laboratory tests and medical expense vouchers.

When you see a doctor, you should also know whether people who eat the same food have similar symptoms. If so, you should report to the local health supervision agency so that it can take measures as soon as possible to prevent the situation from expanding, and at the same time find out the reasons and deal with them in time.

3. Stop eating suspicious food immediately, and collect and seal it on the spot for inspection.

4. Protect the site and collect the patient's vomit and feces in time. , for inspection; Food storage places, tableware, containers, etc. It should not be cleaned for the time being. After sampling, the food hygiene supervisor should thoroughly clean and disinfect the poisoning site to prevent the poisoning accident from happening again.

5. If consumers have suspected food poisoning after eating in the catering unit, never negotiate with the catering unit privately. He should report to the health supervision agency as soon as possible, so as not to delay the investigation opportunity, bring difficulties to determine the nature and cause of the incident, and thus affect the evidence that consumers claim compensation from the accident unit according to law.

Eight, scald first aid knowledge

1. If the hands and feet are scalded, they can be washed or soaked with cold water immediately to reduce the temperature of the scalded skin surface and relieve the pain;

2. If you wear shoes, socks and clothes when you are scalded, you should first wash the close-fitting clothes, shoes and socks with cold water and then take them off carefully, or cut the clothes with scissors to avoid taking off the blistered skin and affecting the wound healing, and then soak them in clean cold water.

You can pour some vinegar and soy sauce on the scalded skin, which can also relieve the pain.

4. You can use sterilized needle to break the blister, let the water in the blister flow out slowly, and then cover the wound with sterilized gauze. Please remember: never scratch your skin, because these skins can protect the wound.

Small burn wounds can be coated with a little burn ointment, and it will be fine in a few days. Slightly larger burns require medical care.

Nine, snake bite first aid

Once it is determined that it is a poisonous snake bite, emergency self-rescue measures should be taken immediately to win time for further treatment.

1. The injured should not panic and delay the spread of toxin as much as possible; Don't do strenuous activities, which will accelerate blood circulation, increase the body's absorption of toxins and aggravate the symptoms of poisoning.

2. Quickly bind the limbs near the heart 5 ~ 10 cm away from the wound with a tourniquet or string to block the venous and lymphatic reflux and reduce the spread of toxins in the body. Relax for 3 ~ 5 minutes every half hour to avoid body necrosis.

3. Cut the wound with a sharp tool and wash the wound with water and tea.

4. Use cupping to suck out the venom, or you can suck it with your mouth, but pay attention to no wounds and ulcers in your mouth, and rinse your mouth in time after sucking. Unconditionally, you can also burn the wound with matches and cigarette butts to destroy the snake venom and send it to the hospital for treatment quickly.

First aid for heatstroke

Heatstroke refers to an acute overheating disease caused by abnormal thermoregulation, direct sunlight and imbalance of water and electrolyte. Its symptoms are: sudden dizziness, nausea, coma, anhidrosis or wet cold, dilated pupils and high fever. Before the onset, I often feel dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue and black eyes. People who find heatstroke should be rescued immediately.

1. Immediately lie on your back in a cool and ventilated place, loosen your buttons and take off your clothes.

2. Give patients cool drinks, such as cold salt water, sugar salt water, herbal tea water, mung bean soup, etc. , and also take Ren Dan, ten drops of water and Huoxiang Zhengqi water and other summer drugs.

3. Wipe your body with cold water, ice water or a little alcohol and fan the patient as soon as possible. Ice packs can also be placed on the head, neck, armpit and groin, or patients can be soaked in cold water (the water temperature is between 15 ~ 16℃). It is advisable to put your head out of the water in sitting position and lying position, and massage at the same time to facilitate heat dissipation, so that your body temperature will drop to about 38℃.

4. It can refer to pinching or needling points such as Renzhong, Taiyang, Fengchi, Hegu, Quchi, Neiguan and Zusanli; If you are in a coma, you can add acupuncture at Xuan Shi and Baihui points to regain consciousness.

Eleven, after the disaster, how to help children?

After the disaster, adults should help children get rid of the shadows and restore their mental health.

1 1 Children under the age of 0 are three times more likely to have psychological problems due to injuries in disasters than those older children. Therefore, parents, relatives, friends, teachers and other adults should actively help children get rid of the shadows and restore their mental health while treating their injuries.

(a) after the disaster, children's behavior may generally show the following characteristics:

1. Feel depressed about losing your favorite toys, teddy bears or other items, which adults may think are unimportant.

2. No longer quiet and docile, become noisy and aggressive; Or become shy and afraid from the outside.

3. Have nightmares, dare not sleep alone, dare not turn off the lights to sleep.

4. Become distrustful of adults (after all, adults can't control disasters).

5. Become less childish, such as resuming bed wetting and sucking your thumb.

I don't want my parents to go to school out of my sight.

7. I feel guilty and think that what I said or did led to disaster.

8. Fear of wind, rain or sudden noise.

9. Symptoms such as headache, vomiting or fever appear.

10. It's easy to cry pessimistically, worrying that you and your family have nowhere to live.

(2) Parents can help their children with the following problems after the disaster:

1. Talk to children and listen to their feelings, so that children can realize that they can have their own emotional feelings, which may be different from others' feelings, but this is normal.

2. Let children think more and feel more, and help children express their feelings with appropriate words, such as happiness, sadness, anger, madness and fear.

Tell your children that you will stay with them, take good care of them and help them eliminate their fears.

You should spend as much time with your family as possible after the disaster.

Try to get life back to normal as soon as possible, or start a new life, so that children can start a regular life again!

6. Tell the children that the disaster is not their fault!

7. Some things let children make their own decisions, such as dressing and eating.

8. Adults should spend more time with their children, communicate with them or write letters to them, so that they can feel everyone's love and care.

9. Encourage children to show what they draw or write!

10. After the disaster, the mutual connection between family members should be strengthened again.

1 1. Adults must keep their promises to their children and help them rebuild their trust in adults!

12. Help children make plans, such as weekly plans and monthly plans, and help children rebuild their confidence in the future!

13. Try to let your child get proper medical care in time! Because healthy children are more capable of facing the harm of disasters.

14. Ensure that children have balanced nutrition, adequate food and adequate sleep!

15. Adults should pay attention: you must take care of yourself before you can take care of your children.

16. When children are sleeping, adults should spend more time with them, such as telling stories, massaging their backs, listening to music and chatting about their families.

17. If adults are going to leave home for a while, tell their children where they are going, ensure the time to go home, and call their children in time as promised when they are away.

18. For a period of time after the disaster, some special measures can be taken, such as letting children turn on the light to sleep.

19. Try not to expose children to casualty events, including the casualty information in news reports.

20. Try to emphasize the love of adults for children, allow children to express their grief over their losses, and don't expect children to remain strong, brave or "not cry" after being injured.

2 1. Try not to let children know too much about the disaster, but don't downplay the disaster in front of children, so that they can better face the existing disaster.

22. In the special period after the disaster, it doesn't matter to spoil the children again. Don't worry about spoiling your children.

23. For the occurrence of disasters, we can consider setting up a disaster memorial day to commemorate them. Although it will be sad, it is also a celebration for family members to get a new life and live a normal life!

(3) After the disaster, adults can help children do some activities:

1. Let the children write down the events or encourage them to draw their own experiences.

2. Hang the child's painting at a height and position where the child can easily see it.

Playing with plasticine is a good choice, which can help children relax and cultivate their creativity.

Music is very important for children, which can help them relax and relieve tension.

5. Provide children with shoes, hats and clothes, let them play the role of "dressing up", or let children play the role of adults to play the game of "post-disaster reconstruction and recovery".

6. Play puppet shows with children; Or help children play a farce about the disaster they have experienced.

7. Tell children the story of the disaster or let them tell it together!