Shanghai, referred to as "Shanghai" for short, is also called "Shen". About 6,111 years ago, the western part of Shanghai became land, and the eastern part became land for 2,111 years. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shanghai was once the fief of Huang Xie, the king of Chu, so it was nicknamed "Shen". During the Jin Dynasty in the 4th and 5th centuries A.D., residents in Songjiang (now Suzhou River) and coastal areas mostly made a living by fishing. They created a bamboo fishing tool called Hu, and because the river was called blasphemy at that time, the downstream area of Songjiang was called Hu, and later it was changed to Hu.

the city of Shanghai was built

In 751 AD (the tenth year of Tang Tianbao), Shanghai belonged to Huating County (now Songjiang District), covering the area from Hongkou in the north to the seaside in the south and Xiasha in the east. In 991 AD (the second year of Song Chunhua), due to the continuous shallow siltation in the upper reaches of Songjiang, the coastline moved eastward, and it was inconvenient for large ships to enter and leave, foreign ships had to dock at "Shanghai Pu", a tributary of Songjiang (located in the Huangpu River near Shiliupu in the east of today's Bund). In 1267 AD (the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty), a town was set up on the west bank of Shanghai Pu, named Shanghai Town. In 1292 AD (29 years from Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty), the central government of Yuan Dynasty drew Shanghai town from Huating County and approved the establishment of Shanghai County, marking the beginning of Shanghai's city construction.

Modern Shanghai

In the 6th century (mid-Ming Dynasty), Shanghai became the center of the national cotton textile and handicraft industry. In 1685 (the 24th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty), the Qing government set up a customs office in Shanghai. In the middle of the 9th century, Shanghai has become a bustling port with merchants. After the Opium War, Shanghai was opened as a "trade" port by colonialists. In the following 111 years, foreign powers invaded Shanghai in succession, making Shanghai the main stronghold of imperialist political, economic and cultural aggression against China. On May 27th, 1949, Shanghai, a city with glorious revolutionary tradition, was liberated and began a new life.

historic changes

the liberation of Shanghai has opened a new historical chapter in Shanghai's development. Under the leadership of China's * * * production party, the people of Shanghai, after more than 51 years' hard struggle, fundamentally transformed the old Shanghai, which developed abnormally under semi-colonial and semi-feudal conditions, and brought about profound changes in Shanghai's economic and social outlook. Especially since 1978, Shanghai's reform and opening-up efforts have been continuously strengthened. With a strong enterprising spirit, the people of Shanghai emancipated their minds, kept pace with the times and boldly practiced, they have embarked on a new development path with China characteristics, which embodies the characteristics of the times and conforms to the characteristics of Shanghai's mega-cities. As a result, Shanghai's economic and social development has undergone historic changes in various fields, and it has become China's largest economic center and a national historical and cultural city, and is building itself into an international economy, finance, trade and shipping.

physical geography

geographical location

Shanghai is located at 31 degrees 14 minutes north latitude and 121 degrees 29 minutes east longitude. It is located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, the eastern edge of the Asian continent, the front of the Yangtze River Delta, the East China Sea to the east, Hangzhou Bay to the south, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces to the west, the Yangtze River to the north, and the Yangtze River and the East China Sea are connected here. Shanghai is just in the middle of the north-south arc coastline of China, with convenient transportation, vast hinterland and superior geographical position. It is a good river and sea port.

climate

Shanghai has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall. Shanghai has a mild and humid climate, with shorter spring and autumn and longer winter and summer. In 2112, the annual average temperature was 17.8℃, sunshine was 1686.5 hours, and rainfall was 1427.9 mm. About 61% of the annual rainfall is concentrated in the flood season from May to September, and there are three rainy periods in the flood season: spring rain, plum rain and autumn rain.

land area

In the early days of liberation, the land area of Shanghai was only 636 square kilometers. In 1958, Jiading, Baoshan, Shanghai, Songjiang, Jinshan, Chuansha, Nanhui, Fengxian, Qingpu and Chongming in Jiangsu Province were transferred to Shanghai, which expanded the jurisdiction of Shanghai to 5,911 square kilometers, almost 11 times that in the early days of liberation. In 2112, Shanghai covered an area of 6,341.5 square kilometers, accounting for 1.16% of the total area of the country, with a length of about 121 kilometers from north to south and a width of about 111 kilometers from east to west. Among them, the regional area is 5299.29 square kilometers and the county area is 1141.21 square kilometers. There are three islands under the jurisdiction of Chongming, Changxing and Hengsha, among which Chongming Island is the third largest island in China with an area of 1,141 square kilometers.

Hydrology

Shanghai is a famous water town in the south of the Yangtze River with numerous rivers and lakes, dense water networks and abundant water resources, with a water area of 697 square kilometers, accounting for 11% of the city's total area. Most of Shanghai's river networks belong to Huangpu River system, mainly including Huangpu River and its tributaries Suzhou River, Chuanyang River and Dianpu River. Huangpu River originates from Taihu Lake, with a total length of 113 kilometers, and flows through the urban area. The width of the river channel is 311-771 meters, with an average of 361 meters. It is not frozen all year round, and it is the main waterway of Shanghai. Suzhou Creek is 54 kilometers long in Shanghai, with an average width of 45 meters. The lakes in Shanghai are concentrated in the western depression bordering on Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The largest lake is Dianshan Lake, covering an area of 62 square kilometers.

Topography

Except for a few hills and mountains in the southwest, Shanghai is a flat plain, which is a part of the alluvial plain in the Yangtze River Delta, with an average altitude of about 4 meters. The land topography is generally slightly inclined from east to west. Dajinshan is the highest point in Shanghai with an altitude of 113.4 meters.

administrative divisions

in the early days of liberation, Shanghai was divided into 21 urban areas and 11 suburbs. By the end of 2112, there were 18 districts, 1 counties, 132 towns, 3 townships, 99 sub-district offices, 3,393 residents' committees and 2,137 villagers' committees in Shanghai.

population employment

population

Shanghai's total population is expanding. Shanghai's population was less than one million when it opened as a port, and it was only 5.2 million when it was liberated in 1949. By the end of 2112, the registered population of the whole city had increased to 13.3423 million, 2.6 times that in the early days of liberation, accounting for 1% of the total population in China. In 2112, the city's population density was 2114 people per square kilometer.

natural change of population

Shanghai is the first region in China with negative growth due to natural change of population, and the natural growth rate of population has kept negative growth since 1993. In 2112, the birth rate of registered population in the city was 4.7‰, the death rate was 7.3‰, and the natural growth rate was negative 2.6‰.

Population education level

The overall cultural quality of Shanghai's population is constantly improving. According to the fifth national census, in 2111, the proportion of people aged 6 and above with college education in Shanghai reached 11.4%, 4.3 percentage points higher than that in 1991; The population with high school education accounted for 23.9%, an increase of 2.8 percentage points; The population with junior high school education accounted for 38.2%, an increase of 4 percentage points. The proportion of people with primary school education or below decreased by 11.1 percentage points. The proportion of people aged 15 and above who are illiterate or have little literacy in the city has dropped from 11.1% in 1991 to 5.4% in 2111.

residence permit for talents

The reform of Shanghai's household registration management system was accelerated, and the residence permit system for talents was successfully introduced. By the end of 2112, 8,255 domestic and foreign talents who had started businesses in Shanghai had obtained Shanghai residence permits. Among domestic talents, bachelor degree or above accounts for 72.8%, and master degree or above accounts for 8.6%. Among foreign talents, bachelor degree or above accounts for 78.8%, and master degree or above accounts for 55.7%.

Employment

At the end of p>2112, there were 7,921,411 employees in Shanghai * *, including 1,736,811 employees in state-owned units, accounting for 21.9%; There are 2.628 million employees in collective units, accounting for 33.2%; There are 3,555,611 employees in foreign-funded and private enterprises, accounting for 44.9%. The registered urban unemployment rate is 4.8%.

comprehensive strength

economic growth

after the 1991s, Shanghai actively explored a new development path with "China characteristics, times characteristics and Shanghai characteristics", firmly seized the historic development opportunity of Pudong's development and opening up, took institutional innovation and scientific and technological progress as the driving force, and based on the optimization and upgrading of the economic structure, so that the national economy achieved sustained, rapid and healthy development, and the stability and anti-fluctuation ability of economic operation were constantly enhanced. Since 1992, Shanghai's economy has maintained double-digit growth for 11 consecutive years. In 2112, the city's GDP reached 541.876 billion yuan, 2.9 times higher than that of 1991 at comparable prices, with an average annual growth of 11.9%.

economic strength

the level of social productive forces has been steadily improved, and the comprehensive economic strength has been continuously enhanced. Shanghai's per capita GDP, converted at the exchange rate of that year, broke through $2,111 for the first time in 193, jumped to $3,111 in 197, and reached a new level of $4,111 in 2111. In 2112, it reached $4,912, and it continued to rank first in all provincial regions except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

Fiscal revenue

With the sustained and rapid economic growth, the fiscal revenue keeps increasing, which provides a strong guarantee for Shanghai's social economy and urban development. In 2112, Shanghai achieved a fiscal revenue of 221.225 billion yuan, an increase of 11.4% over the previous year. The annual local fiscal revenue was 71.979 billion yuan, an increase of 31% over the previous year. Among them, the value-added tax was 13.683 billion yuan, an increase of 22.2%; Business tax was 25.185 billion yuan, an increase of 31.8%; Personal income tax was 6.718 billion yuan, an increase of 41%; Property tax was 1.968 billion yuan, an increase of 34.3%.

One day in Shanghai

Shanghai is the largest economic center city in China, which plays an important role in promoting the national economic and social development. The achievements of economic activities created by Shanghai in one day fully reflect the level and vitality of Shanghai's economic development.

Shanghai's position in the whole country

Shanghai, which is marching towards the goal of a modern international metropolis, shoulders the heavy responsibility of facing the world and serving the whole country, and plays a very important role in the national economic construction and social development. In this city, with a population of only 1% and a land area of 1.16%, its fiscal revenue accounts for one-ninth of the whole country, its total import and export commodities account for one-fourth of the whole country, and its port cargo throughput accounts for one-tenth of the whole country, and it plays a demonstration, radiation and driving role in reform and opening up, industrial upgrading and scientific and technological innovation.

Hainan province is located at the southernmost tip of China. It is bordered by Qiongzhou Strait to the north, Beibu Gulf to the west and Vietnam Democratic Republic to the east, Taiwan Province Province to the east, and the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia to the southeast and south in the South China Sea.

The administrative area of Hainan Province includes Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, zhongsha islands, islands and reefs of Nansha Islands and their sea areas, and it is the largest province in China. The total land area of the province (mainly including Hainan Island and Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands) is 35,411 square kilometers (including Hainan Island's land area of 33,911 square kilometers) and the sea area is about 2 million square kilometers < P > By the end of 2114, the province had 2 prefecture-level cities, 6 county-level cities, 4 counties, 6 ethnic autonomous counties, 1 economic development zones and 1 offices (southwest zhongsha islands office, county-level office). There are 181 towns, 21 townships and 18 sub-district offices at the grassroots level.

prefecture-level cities: Haikou and sanya

county-level cities: Wuzhishan, Wenchang, qionghai city, Wanning, Danzhou and Dongfang

counties: Ding 'an, tunchang, Chengmai and Lingao

Autonomous counties: Baisha Li Autonomous County, Changjiang Li Autonomous County and Ledong Li Autonomous County. Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County

Development Zone: Yangpu Economic Development Zone

Office: Southwest zhongsha islands Office (county level)

Haikou City (prefecture level)

(4 districts, 24 towns and 17 sub-district offices)

District: Longhua District, qiongshan district, xiuying district and Meilan District

Town: Changliu Town and Xinbu. Longquan town, Longqiao town, sanjiang town, Yunlong town, Hongqi town, Dapo town, Jiuzhou town, Longtang town, Xinpo town, Yongxing town, Zuntan town, dongshan town, Shishan town and Fucheng town

Sub-district offices: Boai, Bailong, Guoxing, Lantian, Haifu, Baisha, Haidian, Renmin, Heping South, Zhongshan and Datong. Tianya Town, fenghuang town, Tiandu Town and Haitangwan Town

Wuzhishan City (county level)

(3 townships and 4 towns): Chongshan Town, Maoyang Town, Fanyang Town, Nansheng Town, Maodao Township, Shuiman Township, Changhao Township

Wenchang City (county level)

(16 towns) Penglai Town and Dongge Town

Qionghai City (county level)

(under the jurisdiction of 12 towns): changpo town, Tayang Town, dalu town, Wanquan Town, Tanmen Town, Boao Town, Zhongyuan Town, longjiang town, Yangjiang Town, Shibi Town and Huishan Town

Wanning City (county level)

(under the jurisdiction of 12. Sangerluo Town

Danzhou City (county level)

(governing 17 towns): Nada Town, Nanfeng Town, Yaxing Town, Heqing Town, Dacheng Town, Xinzhou Town, Guangcun Town, East Cheng Zhen Town, Zhonghe Town, Eman Town, Lanyang Town, Wang Wu Town, Paipu Town, Haitou Town and Mutang Town. Datian Town, Donghe Town, Tian 'an Township and Jiangbian Township

Ding 'an County

(with jurisdiction over 11 towns): Dingcheng Town, Hsinchu Town, longhu town Town, Leiming Town, Longmen Town, Lingkou Town, Hanlin Town, Longhe Town, Huangzhu Town and Fuwen Town

Tunchang County

(with jurisdiction over 8 towns): : Jinjiang Town, Old Town, Yongfa Town, Wenru Town, Ruixi Town, Jiale Town, Zhongxing Town, Qiaotou Town, Fushan Town and Renxing Town

Lingao County

(with jurisdiction over 11 towns): Lincheng Town, Dongying Town, Bolian Town, Diaolou Town, Xinying Town, Nanbao Town, Calais Town and Heshe Town. Yuanmen Township, Fulong Township, Xishui Township, Qingsong Township, Jinbo Township and Rongbang Township

Changjiang Li Autonomous County

(governing 7 towns): Shilu Town and Changhua Town.