Ningbo Highway Transportation Management Office (hereinafter referred to as the Municipal Public Management Office) is a self-supporting institution under the Municipal Transportation Bureau, responsible for the management of the taxi industry in the city. The main sources of funds are the return of transportation management fees and road maintenance fees, with 65,438+032 employees and 65,438+065,438+00 temporary workers. Unified management of the city's six districts, unified transportation capacity, unified management standards and norms. The current freight rate was adjusted to 1 1 in June 2004. The starting price is 3km in 8 yuan, and the rental price per vehicle kilometer is 1.8 yuan. Congestion conversion pricing has not been implemented. Since July 28, 2006, a fuel surcharge of 1 yuan has been charged for each train. There are five taxi management modes: company self-operated, individual buyout, individual affiliation, individual joint venture and individual operation, and the company has 840 self-operated cars; Accounting for 23.7%.
The city has set up 596 temporary taxi stops and built a taxi shelter at South Station. Subordinate institutions such as taxi service center, taxi warrant trading center and alternative service center have also been established.
(3) Relevant laws and regulations and industry rules and regulations
Ningbo Renda 1997 promulgated Ningbo Taxi Passenger Transport Regulations, which were revised twice in 20001year and 2003. Ningbo Municipal Government issued the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Ningbo Taxi Passenger Transport Management Regulations1999; Ningbo Public Management Office has successively promulgated the Measures for Evaluating the Quality and Credit of Taxi Passenger Transport Enterprises in Ningbo, the Measures for the Administration of Passenger Transport Qualification Certificate of Taxi Drivers in Ningbo, the Regulations for the Administration of Star Taxi Drivers in Ningbo, the Professional Ethics Code for Taxi Drivers in Ningbo, the Vehicle Appearance Code for Taxi Drivers in Ningbo, and the Scoring Standard for Illegal Behavior of Taxi Drivers in Ningbo.
Second, the main problems existing in the management and operation of taxis in Ningbo
(1) The transaction price of warrants is high, and there are great hidden dangers in the industry.
Ningbo has experienced a change from free use to paid use in the management of taxi franchise. Before 1994, the open administrative examination and approval system for free use will be implemented, and after 1994, the taxi management right will be paid for use. During the three periods of 1994, 1995 and 1997, 177 taxis were put into the urban area by auction, of which 100 taxis auctioned on 197 had an average operating right of 380,000, with the highest price of 43.
1February, 1998, the Regulations of Ningbo Municipality on the Administration of Taxi Passenger Transport was promulgated and implemented, which clearly stipulated in the form of laws and regulations that the right to operate taxis should be used with compensation. Accordingly, the Municipal Public Administration Office charged11taxi for each of the 271taxis that had passed the administrative examination and approval, and unified the service life of all taxis before 1998 to 15 years. Since 200 1, 840 taxis have been put into operation for three times, and the paid use fees have been reduced to 250,000 yuan, 20,000 yuan and 65,438+0.5 million yuan respectively.
Although the transportation department of Ningbo has taken many positive measures, such as "Regulations on the Management of Taxi Management Right in Ningbo", the establishment of a taxi management right transaction evaluation center and the establishment of a management right transaction price evaluation system, so that both parties to the transaction can clearly understand the actual value of the vehicle management right and improve the risk awareness of the transaction. And specially made a taxi transaction commitment letter, both sides signed the letter of commitment. For example, the recent taxi evaluation price of the evaluation center was 220,000 yuan/vehicle, and both parties to the transaction also signed a risk commitment letter. However, due to the mentality of some taxi employees that the government will not take back the right to use after the expiration of operation, the actual transaction price in the market has reached more than 800,000 yuan. This high transaction behavior brings serious hidden dangers to the development of the industry. First, it increases operating costs. The inevitable result of high-priced transfer is high contracting cost. In order to recover the cost, car owners and drivers must try their best to make profits, even at the expense of illegal operation. Secondly, it increases the operational risk. Take 20 13 vehicles as an example. According to the current transaction price of more than 800,000 yuan, it is impossible to recover the cost in about 6 years. Thirdly, it affects the stability and healthy development of the industry. The higher the transaction price, the higher the operating cost. After the expiration of operation, if effective measures are not taken in time, mass incidents may occur, which will have a serious negative impact on the industry and society.
(2) The supervision of business households is difficult and the service quality is unstable.
There are 2 1 taxi companies in Ningbo, of which only 10 has a capacity exceeding 10, only 3 have a capacity exceeding 200, and the largest company has only 267 taxis. The company has a total of 2,265 vehicles, of which only 840 are self-operated vehicles, most of which are affiliated vehicles, and there are 1 2,86 personal vehicles.
Taxi companies, car owners and drivers lack the same development momentum and market competitiveness. The private transaction of operation warrants is not standardized, which raises the operating cost. Operators are eager to recover their investment in a short period of time, blindly pursue the maximization of benefits and ignore the quality of service. For example, it is difficult to play during the late peak hours (5-6 pm) and peak hours; South station and airport refuse to carry passengers from time to time; The phenomenon of irregular operation after 10 pm is more serious. The survey shows that the effective mileage utilization rate of taxis in urban areas reaches 6 1.34%, and the average daily turnover of bicycles reaches 677.8 yuan, which is significantly higher than that of similar cities. According to Code for Planning and Design of Urban Road Traffic (GB50220-95), the minimum standard of taxi allocation in large and medium-sized cities is 20 taxis per 10,000 people. At present, the average number of taxis per 10,000 people in large and medium-sized cities in China has reached 30, while Ningbo has only 19.8 per 10,000 people, far below the national average. In the case of insufficient taxi capacity, it is prone to problems such as refusing to carry, not taking the initiative in service, and illegally carrying passengers. At the same time, it also provides a living space for the "black car".
(C) vague management positioning, poor mechanism system
The main service level and target orientation of taxis are vague, and the relationship between supply and demand is unbalanced. There is no difference in the positioning of taxi and bus service consumers, and there is no difference in their freight rates, which leads to almost the same consumer groups of taxi and bus. In addition, the freight rate is lower than that of other nearby cities (Ningbo taxi starts at 3km 8 yuan, with a fare increase of 1, and 8 yuan per km; Hangzhou is 3km 10 yuan, with an increase of 2 yuan per kilometer). In the rush hour, holidays and other special time periods, as well as major road sections such as stations, airports and docks, it has become a common practice to fight hard. According to the survey, the average waiting time of taxi passengers in the central city is 12.49 minutes, and more than 90% of the respondents said that it is difficult to accept such a long waiting time.
Poor management system and mechanism. There is no clear taxi management system in the State Council's "Three Fixed Plans", let alone unified regulations. From the central government to the provinces and cities, taxi management departments are different and have many policies, which cannot form a unified understanding and action on the work. Furthermore, Ningbo taxi management strength is insufficient and the establishment system is unreasonable. For example, Wuhan, Nanjing, Dalian and other cities have special taxi management departments, and Hangzhou, Taizhou and other cities in Zhejiang Province have also strengthened the system construction of taxi management, forming a unified administrative licensing, law enforcement, training and daily management system. In Ningbo, however, there is only one taxi management department with 9 people in the municipal public management office. Faced with more than 5,000 taxi teams with low quality, high mobility and strong individual interests, the management power is obviously insufficient. At the same time, due to the higher requirements for the proof of complaints, especially for those who refuse to carry passengers, the time limit for law enforcement is greatly reduced, and the effective complaints and complaint handling rate are low. In 2006, there were 2,859 complaints about refusing to load, and only 30 cases were finalized. In the second half of 2007, the effective complaint and complaint handling rate have been significantly improved, and the effective complaint handling rate reached 98%.
(D) weak awareness of laws and regulations, poor management.
Nearly half of the nearly 10,000 taxi employees in urban areas have junior high school education, and their awareness of laws and regulations is relatively weak. Although the industry management department has paid attention to strengthening education, there must be a process of learning and improving work. Recently, the management department has intensified the inspection and punishment of taxi violations. Taxi management stations will be set up in key areas such as airports, stations and docks, and the Measures for the Administration of Passenger Transport Qualification Certificate of Taxi Drivers in Ningbo (for Trial Implementation) will be promulgated, so as to implement the scoring management for taxi drivers in violation of regulations. However, illegal operations and other irregularities frequently occur. The main reasons are insufficient supervision, insufficient management personnel and imperfect relevant laws and regulations. For example, administrative punishment stipulates that taxi drivers must have more than two written evidences for refusing to take a taxi, and harsh taxi violation complaint procedures often lead to passengers' complaints not being effectively investigated. Taxi companies, individual car owners and contract drivers have low illegal costs, which makes them dare to ignore relevant laws and regulations.
Thirdly, some thoughts on the management and operation of taxis in Ningbo.
(a) to speed up the revision of the "Regulations" and adhere to the rule of law.
The revision of the Regulations on Taxi Passenger Transport Management should focus on the following aspects: First, the right to operate taxis should be gradually changed from paid to free. It is necessary to reasonably determine the contract price and standardize the contract. The second is to shorten the operation period, and it is recommended that the service life of the vehicle be 5 years. When the vehicle exits, the management right will be taken back and reconfigured, forming a virtuous circle. Third, the transfer of vehicles for paid use should also be restricted. If it is stipulated that the transfer is allowed after operating for more than two years, and the transfer conditions are set, it must be evaluated by an evaluation agency before the transfer to curb private speculation. It is forbidden to use the transfer for free, and if it cannot continue to operate for some reason, it will be recovered by the government agency. Once it is found that it is transferred without authorization, the right to operate will be recovered immediately. The fourth is to strengthen administrative law enforcement. For example, two law enforcement or management personnel at the scene can determine the factual evidence of illegal handling. Passengers' telephone complaints and GPS trajectory confirmation can basically confirm that the refusal is established, and those who refuse to carry for more than two times are disqualified.
(2) Scientifically regulate transport capacity and promote scale operation.
It is necessary to establish a taxi market demand and capacity supply monitoring system with the average waiting time of passengers, the average daily turnover and the traffic flow ratio of taxi stations as the main decision-making parameters, control the total number of taxis in Ningbo according to the principle of balance between supply and demand, and appropriately put in new capacity. Attention should be paid to taking effective measures to adjust the ratio of taxi fare to bus fare, that is, appropriately increasing taxi fare, implementing congestion discount pricing, and reducing bus fare, so that more people can give priority to bus travel. It is necessary to pay attention to the favorable opportunities such as the delivery of transportation capacity and the expiration of the 20 13 operating period, clarify the policy and market orientation, and encourage individual taxi operators to take the road of corporatization and scale.
(3) Improve the management mechanism and advocate quality service.
Starting from the actual needs of Ningbo's economic development and taxi industry management, it is imperative to adjust, enrich and improve the taxi industry management system. First of all, it must be scientifically determined. According to the actual demand of taxi management in Ningbo, Ningbo Taxi Management Office was established to form a unified taxi management system. Second, according to the needs of management tasks, equip and strengthen industry management personnel and necessary law enforcement equipment and facilities. Strengthen training to improve the overall quality and law enforcement ability of law enforcement personnel. Third, it is necessary to establish a taxi management database system as soon as possible to realize networking with the public security traffic violation management system and the urban management violation management system, and register, store and process every violation record and passenger complaint of taxi drivers, individual taxis and taxi companies, and incorporate them into the service quality evaluation system. Fourthly, we should establish and implement a set of perfect taxi service quality assessment standards as soon as possible, and standardize the industry management concept and behavior. Further improve the implementation of the taxi market access and exit mechanism, implement a comprehensive, systematic, sustained, fair, just and open service quality evaluation for the taxi industry, and promote the management of the whole industry to a higher level.
(four) to formulate scientific plans and properly handle hidden dangers.
The mass incidents of freight taxis in Ningbo in 2007 sounded the alarm for the management of passenger taxi industry. Relatively speaking, the phenomenon of private transactions and speculation by taxi operators is more prominent and the situation is more serious. Taxis are more expensive than privately traded "commodities", which have a greater impact on the hidden dangers of social harmony. Therefore, it is very urgent and important to make a work plan for the expiration and stability of Ningbo taxi management right as soon as possible. It is necessary to carry out in-depth publicity of laws and regulations, increase policy guidance, and organize the implementation of stable and effective measures. We should pay attention to the principle of "respecting history and making a smooth transition" and actively and properly handle the continuing operation of the original market players. According to the new market access system, after the expiration of the operation period, the existing business households will be selected and eliminated according to the service quality evaluation results during the operation period. For the bought-out taxis, taxi companies should take the form of repurchase or shareholding to clarify property rights. It is necessary to clearly define the right to operate, the right to use and the ownership in a planned, step-by-step and steady manner, so as to fundamentally eliminate the hidden dangers of industry instability.
(5) Pay attention to the window of South Railway Station and implement comprehensive management.
South Railway Station is an important window for Ningbo's economic reform and opening up. According to the spirit of the document "Notice of Ningbo Municipal Government on Approving the Implementation Plan of Municipal Administration Decentralization in South Station Area" (No.Yongfa [2007]110), all relevant departments should send more capable personnel, complete the necessary equipment and facilities, and actively participate in the comprehensive management of South Station area. The comprehensive management office of South Railway Station should establish various rules and regulations, strengthen internal management, and effectively integrate the law enforcement forces of all parties. Relevant municipal departments and Haishu District Government should strengthen the assessment and support for the comprehensive management of South Station, so as to make South Station a harmonious and orderly administrative law enforcement demonstration area.