Investigation and analysis of the diet in a kindergarten

The nutritional intake of preschool children in a kindergarten provides scientific basis for the guidance of nutritional catering. Methods: 5-day dietary survey was adopted, and physical examination and hemoglobin determination were carried out at the same time. Results: The intake of heat energy and protein reached the corresponding supply standard, and the intake of fat was excessive. Protein from animal and legume foods is slightly insufficient, and the proportion of plant protein is high. Among trace elements and minerals, the intake of calcium, zinc, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and retinol is low. The incidence of anemia was 4.4% and the incidence of obesity was 9.1%. Conclusion: The growth, development and dietary nutrition of children in this kindergarten need to be improved. We should attach importance to the rational nutrition of preschool children and take effective measures to improve their nutritional status. Children aged 2 ~ 6 are in a period of rapid growth and development, with vigorous metabolism, rapid development of brain and nervous system, continuous ossification of bones, and gradual maturity and perfection of various systems and organs. The result of such rapid growth will inevitably consume a lot of nutrients. Some parents are not familiar with children's nutrition knowledge, which leads to some misunderstandings in children's nutrition arrangement. According to our investigation, the following problems generally exist in family meal arrangement: 1. Breakfast is simple and calories are insufficient; 2. Rich dinner and overnutrition; 3. The food is monotonous and the recipe is narrow; 4. Fine staple food, ignoring coarse grains; 5. Eat snacks and eat less staple food. In view of the problems existing in children's family diet, we actively discuss the formulation, cooking and scientific and reasonable arrangement of balanced diet for children aged 2-6, and have accumulated some experience. 1. Formulating scientific, reasonable and balanced nutrition recipes to meet the needs of children's growth and development. 1. Comprehensive nutrition balance and ensuring children's access to scientific nutrition are the material basis for children's growth and development. Only by providing children with comprehensive and adequate nutrition can we promote their healthy growth. The six nutrients that children need every day are protein, fat, carbohydrate, water, trace elements and vitamins. Children of different ages need different amounts, so it is necessary to adjust the food structure and constantly improve the nutritional model of children's diet. Every day, we provide food for children, such as grain, beans, vegetables, fruits, milk and dairy products, meat, poultry, eggs and fish, plus a proper amount of oil, salt and sugar, and keep a certain amount of these foods in a certain proportion and arrange them in children's daily meals. The amount of various foods provided for children every day is as follows: This not only ensures that children have sufficient and balanced nutrition in their daily diet, but also maintains the basic characteristics that China's diet is mainly based on plant food, supplemented by animal food, and the energy source is mainly grain, and also ensures the quality of various nutrients. 2. There are various colors and varieties, and it is impossible for any one or more foods to fully meet the needs of children's growth and development. Only by rationally mixing different foods to form nutrients needed by the human body can children obtain comprehensive and balanced nutrition. To this end, we seek new ideas in the variety and nutrition of food. (1) Rice-flour collocation-the collocation of rice and pasta, and the collocation of porridge and pasta ensure the carbohydrate intake of children from various combinations. (2) Matching coarse grains with flour and rice, such as sweet potato, corn, pumpkin, blood glutinous rice, rice kernel and rice, to improve the nutritional value of food. (3) Dry and wet combination-milk and biscuits, rice and soup, porridge and midday combination, in order to improve the absorption rate of children's nutrition, increase water and achieve the role of supplementing nutrition. (4) Salty and sweet collocation-dry and wet desserts are matched with wet and dry salty snacks to control the excessive intake of sugar and salt, so that children can eat sugar and salt in a balanced way every day. (5) Animal protein and plant protein collocation-animal food (fish, meat, shrimp, chickens, ducks, eggs, etc.) and bean products (tofu, dried fragrant, venetian blinds, soybeans, red beans, etc.) collocation, pay attention to the intake of plant protein, so as to ensure that children get high-quality protein and improve the complementary function and physiological value of protein. (6) Dark vegetables are matched with light-colored vegetables and fruits-dark vegetables are green leafy vegetables (green vegetables, spinach, etc.) and dark-colored vegetables (carrots and cucumbers), which generally contain more trace elements and vitamins than light-colored vegetables and fruits. Light-colored vegetables include root vegetables (potatoes, white radish, etc.) and yellow leafy vegetables (cabbage, yellow sprouts, etc.). The vitamin C of citrus and sweet orange in fruits is higher than that of vegetables. A reasonable combination of them, and an hour before or after meals, can ensure and supplement the intake and utilization of trace elements and vitamins. 3. Follow the laws of the four seasons, and strive for children to get the nutrition they need for growth and development in time (1) In spring, when the weather is warm, it is time for children to grow up fast, so children should be provided with calcium-rich foods and vitamin D-rich foods in time. (2) In summer, the weather is hot, which is the season when children consume the most physical energy. We arrange for children to eat more light and summer food. (3) In autumn, the dry weather is the best season for young children to gain weight. We should provide high-calorie food for young children in time, prevent them from obesity, and provide health care and nutrition soup with anti-allergic and cold prevention treatments in time to ensure that young children get proper nutrition. (4) In winter, the cold weather is the best season for children to store energy. On the one hand, children should store heat energy to resist the cold, on the other hand, they should provide growing needs, let children eat more sweets in moderation, and provide healthy and nutritious soup with anti-cold and anti-virus effects for children every day.