Net profit = total profit ×( 1- income tax rate); Total profit = operating profit+non-operating income-non-operating expenditure; Operating profit = operating income-operating costs-business taxes and surcharges-period expenses-asset impairment loss+fair value change loss-fair value change loss+investment income (-investment loss).
Undistributed profit at the end of the enterprise = undistributed profit at the beginning+net profit realized in the current period-surplus reserve drawn in the current period-profit distributed to investors in the current period. Undistributed profit refers to the remaining profit in the balance of the enterprise over the years after the net profit realized by the enterprise makes up for the loss, withdraws the surplus reserve and distributes the profit to investors.
Characteristics of profit:
1, mysterious
Profit is the life of capital and the driving force to accelerate commodity production, improve production efficiency and promote social development. Surplus value is created by hiring workers in the process of direct production, but it can only be realized after commodities are converted into money through circulation.
As for whether the goods can be sold, at what price, so as to realize profits, and to what extent, it depends on the specific supply and demand situation and market competition.
In particular, commodity capital is independent from the movement of industrial capital, becomes commercial capital, performs the function of realizing commodity value and surplus value, and obtains commercial profits accordingly, which makes this relationship more complicated and mysterious.
2. Segmentation
Profits are divided into interest and income of business owners. With the development of capitalist credit system, industrial capitalists and commercial capitalists not only use their own capital, but also use borrowed capital in large quantities. Loan capital plays an increasingly important role in functional capital. Because the use of borrowed capital must pay interest, industrial profit or commercial profit will be divided into two parts: interest and income of business owners.
3. Re-transformation
The capitalist mode of production first developed from industry and gained a dominant position, and then gradually extended to agriculture. Because there are two kinds of monopolies in agriculture, that is, the monopoly of capitalist land management and the monopoly of private ownership of land, it does not have the conditions of free competition like industry, thus hindering the equalization of profit rates.
Above content reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Profit