Give you a framework, night management training Chapter 13 Introduction of drinks Chapter 13 Introduction of drinks knowledge Section 1 Classification of drinks 1. Brief introduction of alcohol content The important components of alcohol are alcohol, ethanol and methanol. The content of ethanol in beverage wine is expressed by alcohol content. At present, there are three methods to express alcohol content in the world: 1 and alcohol volume percentage. The standard alcohol content refers to how many milliliters of alcohol are contained in every 100 ml of liquor at 20℃, usually expressed as a percentage or as a number GI. 2. The degree of proof. The purity of 1 alcohol is equivalent to 0.5% alcohol content. Since 1983, Europe (including the United States) has uniformly implemented GL standard, that is, the symbol "0" indicates the percentage of alcohol in liquid capacity. In America, the proof method is still used. 3. British degree is a method of alcohol calculation, which was created by British Clark in18th century. When the alcohol content in liquor is 1 14.4% or 57. 1% alcohol content, glucoside. Conversion: 1 = 2 proofs = 1.75 The alcohol content of Sykes China wine is basically expressed by the standard alcohol content method. For example, the alcohol content of the famous Maotai liquor is 53, which means that every 100 ml of liquor contains 53 ml of pure alcohol. Because wine contains all kinds of alcohol substances, which can stimulate people's nerves. Moderate drinking can refresh the mind, relax muscles and promote blood circulation, dispel cold and reduce fever and eliminate fatigue. Second, the classification of wine (1) There are usually three production methods of wine: fermentation, distillation and preparation. The produced wine is also called fermented wine, distilled wine and mixed wine. 1. Fermented wine refers to the wine made by directly putting raw materials, usually grains and fruit juice, into a container and adding yeast. Common fermented wines include wine, beer, fruit wine, yellow wine and rice wine. 2. Distilled liquor is the distillation and purification of fermentation raw materials (fermented liquor), and the obtained liquid with high alcohol content can usually be distilled once, twice or even many times to obtain high-quality liquor. Common distilled spirits include gin, whisky, brandy, rum, vodka, dejira and China liquor, such as Maotai and Wuliangye. There are many ways to mix wine, such as soaking, mixing and blending. Soaking method is mostly used for medicinal liquor. The high-alcohol wine obtained after distillation or the wine formula filtered after fermentation is put into different medicinal materials or animals, and then sealed in a container. After a period of time, the drug will dissolve in the wine, and people will get different treatment and stimulation after drinking it. For example, foreign absinthe, absinthe, ginseng wine and snake wine in China. Blending is made by adding distilled liquor (usually high-alcohol liquor) into fruit juice, honey, milk or other liquid sheds. Blending is also a brewing process. Usually, two or more kinds of wines can be blended together, for example, wines from different producing areas, high-alcohol wines and low-alcohol wines, and wines from different years can be blended together to form a new taste, or wines with more perfect color, fragrance and taste can be obtained. (2) According to the alcohol content, beverages are divided into "soft drinks and hard drinks" according to the alcohol content. Soft drinks refer to non-alcoholic drinks, which are usually divided into carbonated drinks and non-carbonated drinks in manufacturing. Spirits refer to drinks containing alcohol. I. Classification of Soft Drinks Soft drinks refer to non-alcoholic beverages. It is also divided into carbonated drinks and non-carbonated drinks. They include: coffee, tea, cocoa, mineral water, soft drinks, fruit and vegetable juices, milk, hot drinks and frozen drinks. (1) carbonated drinks refer to drinks containing carbonated gas (co2). Main ingredients: common one: carbonated mineral water and soda water. B, fruity type: spice, pigment and preservative carbon dioxide are added. C. Fruit juice: add at least 2.5% fresh fruit juice. D cola type: it is made by adding spices, natural fruit juice, caramel, pigment and medicinal materials, mixing and inflating. For example: soda, Jiang Shui, Coke, 7-up, Sprite, Fanta, etc. In addition, soda can be divided into lemon-flavored soda, cola-flavored soda, tonic water-flavored soda, orange-flavored soda and other sodas. Lemon flavors include sprite soda, 7-up soda and lime soda. Coke includes Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola. Nourishing water includes tonic and bitter lemon. Orange soft drinks include Sunkist orange juice and sweet baby soft drinks. There are other soft drinks, such as soda and distilled water. Other soft drinks include orange juice, horseshoe juice, coconut juice, fruit tea and mango juice. (2) Fruit and vegetable juice drinks: Fruit and vegetable juice drinks come from nature, with low cost, convenient manufacture and rich nutrition. Mainly divided into: a, original juice: original flavor, 65,438+000% raw juice; B, freshly squeezed fruit juice: containing at least 40% of original juice; And beverage juice: the content of raw juice is 65,438+00%-30%. Add sugar and citric acid. (Among them, vegetable juice is very popular in America and other places. In addition, there are three kinds of fruit juices: freshly squeezed, canned and concentrated. Common freshly squeezed juices in bars are: lemon juice, pineapple juice, carrot juice (carrot juice), apple juice, and grape juice can; coconut juice, orange juice, apple juice, green lemon juice, and pomegranate syrup are mainly used for mixing wine, and are generally not directly drunk. There are two kinds of orange juice and lemon juice: freshly squeezed and concentrated. Fresh juice can be used directly, and concentrated juice can only be used after dilution: 1: 4, 1 concentrated juice to 4 parts of water. (3) Water, purified water, mineral water and space water: Mineral water is fresh spring water from underground spring water or rocks on the mountain, which is rich in minerals. Because of its good water quality, no impurity pollution and rich nutrition, it is deeply loved by people Mineral water contains different minerals in different areas. Its taste is slightly salty and sweet or tasteless, and it is cool and delicious to drink, which can help digestion. The famous varieties are: Paris water and Evian water. Pierre mineral water, commonly known as Paris water, is produced in France. It is a unique natural sparkling mineral water in the world and is known as "champagne in water". Expensive. Evian mineral water produced in France is the largest selling mineral water in the world. Its characteristics are no foam, pure and sweet, and rich in balanced minerals. China Laoshan mineral water is also high-quality, rich in minerals, which can clear the stomach and help digestion. As early as the 1980 s, it was famous at home and abroad. There are also Shanpulinu mineral water (Italy), Kirin mineral water (Japan) and Yili mineral water (Shenzhen, China). Mineral water should be refrigerated before drinking. Temperature 8- 12 degrees, without ice. You can put a slice of lemon when you drink it. Keke is a transliteration of English cacao, and its origin is tropical America. Now the main producing areas are Africa and Latin America. The cocoa production of Ghana and China in West Africa ranks first in the world, accounting for about 1/3 of the world's total output, and it is also cultivated in Guangdong and Taiwan Province provinces in China. This is a drink made of cocoa powder. Cocoa beans contain 50% fat, 65,438+00% protein, 65,438+00% starch, and a small amount of sugar and stimulant theobromine. Cocoa has the functions of strengthening the heart and diuresis. After fermentation and drying, 30% cocoa butter is extracted from cocoa seeds for medicinal purposes, and the rest is processed into cocoa powder. Cocoa powder is rich in flavor and can be drunk after adding sugar. Common drinks are clear cocoa, milk cocoa, ice cream cocoa and so on. (5) Milk is rich in protein, fat, lactose and the most important minerals needed by human body, such as calcium, phosphorus and vitamins. Milk is not only nutritious, but also easily digested and absorbed by the human body. No food can compare with it. And can make different flavors of drinks, such as hot milk, cold milk, yogurt and so on. Fresh milk and yogurt can generally be stored at 2-4 degrees 10 days. When milk is heated above 40 degrees, there will be a film, which will thicken over time, so many people throw it away. But in fact, the cell membrane is rich in nutrients such as protein, fat and lactose. There are two ways to disinfect milk according to its name: pure fresh milk. That is, 100% fresh milk is sterilized at 85 degrees 15 seconds, and then aseptically filled, which is the so-called "pasteurization". This method keeps the original flavor and nutrients of milk to the maximum extent. Many domestic orders delivered every day in major cities in China belong to this category, but the disadvantage is that it is not easy to preserve for a long time. Sterilize milk. 100% fresh milk was sterilized at 136 for 3 seconds, and then it could only be stored in aseptic state for 8- 10 months, but many beneficial nutrients in milk were also "destroyed". Many brick-shaped boxed milk in supermarkets fall into this category. (6) Tea is recognized as one of the three major beverages in the world. (Tea, coffee, cocoa) A, China tea 1, green tea: Longjing (Kangzhou, Zhejiang Province), Biluochun (Suzhou), Maojian (Xinyang, Henan Province), Trichogramma Huangshan (Anhui Province), Narcissus (widely produced), and Lu 'an flower tablets (Anhui Province) Features: clear intestines and green leaves, and you can lose weight if you drink it often. Black tea. Suitable for repeated brewing 3. Black tea: Pu 'er tea (Sichuan, Yunnan) Features: Accumulation of mellow tea 4. White tea: Shoumei (Fuding, Fujian) and Bai Mudan (Zhenghe, Fujian) Features: the tea soup is light, clearing away heat and reducing fire. Scented tea: Jasmine flower, chrysanthemum flower, rose flower and litchi flower tea features: it is a kind of reprocessed tea with strong and fresh taste and bright soup color. 6. Oolong tea: Tieguanyin, Oolong tea (Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan Province provinces) features: green leaves and red edges 7. Yellow tea: Junshan Yinye (Dongting Lake, Yueyang), Dayeqing (Guangdong) Features: Yellow leaf yellow soup B, foreign tea: 1, Ji Ling tea (India) 2, earl grey (Guangdong). Ceylon tea (Sri Lanka, India) (7) Caffeine (1) Coffee is a transliteration of English coffee (name of place of origin), which is one of the three largest beverages (tea, coffee and cocoa) in the world and the most consumed beverage in the world. A beverage made from an extract containing coffee beans. Coffee is a tropical plant with white flowers and fruits similar to cherry tomatoes. There are two kinds of coffee beans in it, mainly distributed in South America and Africa. Brazil ranks first in the world, followed by Colombia. Indonesia, Jamaica, Ecuador, New Guinea and other countries also have higher yields. The quality of coffee beans produced in Yunnan and Hainan provinces of China is not inferior to that of world famous coffee. (2) Name: 1, Blue Mountain origin: Jamaica; 2. Colombia is mostly used for blending coffee of other qualities; 3. Brazil Santos belongs to blending coffee. 4. The mandolin in Man Ting is produced in Indonesia. 5. Mocha Mocha is produced in Arabia. 6. Italy 7, Italy. 7. Decaffeinated (3 cups of coffee. We usually have two kinds of coffee. One is instant coffee, which refers to coffee that has been processed into semi-finished products and only needs to be brewed with hot water. The other is to make coffee. Among the coffee recipes, black coffee, milk coffee, French coffee, Turkish coffee, royal coffee, Vienna coffee, Irish coffee, Spanish coffee and Italian coffee are very popular. (4) Coffee preparation usually includes brewing method and steaming method. Cooking will only increase the bitterness and astringency of coffee and reduce the quality. Don't use alkaline hard water or iron-rich water for making coffee. It's better to steam it. The ideal water temperature should be to boil the water to 80-90 degrees. Want to get rich and elegant coffee, not by high temperature boiling water, but by a lot of coffee. Ceramics or glassware are the most suitable utensils for making coffee: when coffee touches metal utensils, it will oxidize and produce unpleasant bitterness. The dosage of coffee must be determined according to the fine particles of brewed coffee and the preferences of coffee drinkers. Generally speaking, 500 grams of coffee can make 40-50 cups of espresso, and 50-60 cups of coffee with moderate concentration can be made. (8) Cold drinks and hot drinks In addition to the original (original canned drinks), there are usually mixed drinks in bars, namely cold drinks and hot drinks. Frozen coffee, frozen fresh milk, frozen lemon tea, frozen cola, frozen lemon honey and other cold drinks. Hot drinks such as hot milk, hot coffee, hot milk tea, hot lemon tea, etc. And frozen ice cream, Xindi, milkshake. A, there are many flavors of ice cream, such as mango, chocolate, coconut, milk, cantaloupe and so on. Sunda is made of other materials in several ice creams, such as Shiguo Xindi, banana boat and so on. C milkshakes are made of different flavors of ice cream with fresh milk and syrup. Like chocolate milkshakes. French sundae D. Buffy is a kind of frozen cake, which consists of ice cream, fresh fruit and whipped cream. Footer Netease Company All Rights Reserved? 0? 8 1997-20 10

Citation source night management training Chapter 13 Beverage Introduction -LEX' s Journal- Netease Blog