I, the development of China's tourism industry

China's tourism development started late, but the speed of development of the world's attention. Before the reform and opening up, the tourism industry is based on external reception, only with the embryonic form of the industry, does not fully belong to the industrial category. From the national policy guidance can be seen in the development of China's tourism industry in the past three decades:

In 1978, the conversion mechanism, the tourism industry began to change from the "business-oriented" to "industry-oriented".

In 1984, the central government put forward the national, local, departmental, collective and individual together, self-reliance and the use of foreign capital together on the construction of tourism policy, opened the prelude to the all-round development of the tourism industry.

In 1986, the State Council decided to incorporate the tourism industry into the national economic and social development plan, formally establishing its national economic status.

In 1992, the central government made it clear that tourism was a key industry in the tertiary industry, and after that, the tourism industry was listed as the first one in the sequence of actively developing new industries in the tertiary industry in the "Suggestions on the Formulation of the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the Outline of Visionary Objectives for 2010" put forward by the central government of the People's Republic of China.

In 1998, the Central Economic Work Conference put forward tourism as a new growth point of the national economy. Since then, the State Planning Commission included tourism projects in the national bond projects, the railroad department in a timely manner to run hundreds of special tourist trains. The support of the central government and the State Council has laid a solid foundation for the development of tourism.

From the point of view of the development stage, before 1980, the overall scale of the tourism industry was relatively small; during the period of the "Sixth Five-Year Plan", the inbound tourism improved greatly, and the domestic tourism began to take off; during the period of the "Seventh Five-Year Plan", the inbound tourism continued to develop, and domestic During the period of the "Seventh Five-Year Plan", inbound tourism continued to develop and domestic tourism had greater development; during the period of the "Eighth Five-Year Plan", inbound tourism had greater development and domestic tourism rose rapidly, and this period was the fastest period of development. During the period of "Ninth Five-Year Plan", the foundation of the industry was consolidated and developed steadily; in 2001, under the influence of the negative growth of the world's tourism industry as a whole, China's tourism industry continued to move forward amidst difficulties, but the growth rate declined; in 2002, China's tourism industry rebounded as a whole, with the growth rate of the four economic indicators of tourism exceeding 10 percent. China has become one of the fastest growing countries in the world in terms of tourism development. in 1978, the number of international tourists received by China (1.8 million people) was only 0.7% of the world's total, ranking 41st in the world; in 2002, the number of overseas tourists received by China amounted to 97.91 million, which made China the world's fifth largest tourist attraction and Asia's top tourist power. in 1978, the foreign exchange generated by China's international tourism (260 million US dollars) accounted for 0.038% of the world's total. In 1978, China's foreign exchange earnings from international tourism (260 million US dollars) only accounted for 0.038% of the world's total, ranking 47th in the world; in 2002, it increased to 20.4 billion US dollars, accounting for 4.4% of the world's total, and became the world's fifth largest country in terms of foreign exchange earnings from tourism; in 2002, the number of Chinese citizens who went abroad amounted to 16,602,300, representing an increase of 36.84% compared with that of the previous year, and it became the remarkable emerging source of exporting big country in the Asian region. In 2002, the number of domestic tourists in China reached 878 million, becoming the largest, fastest-growing and most promising domestic tourism market in the world. The scale of China's tourism industry is also expanding. According to incomplete statistics, as of the end of 2001, China's tourism-related hotels 11,000, of which 8,018 have been assessed star-rated hotels; all kinds of travel agencies more than 10,000, of which more than 1,300 international travel agencies; China's tourism industry, the value of fixed assets amounted to 700 billion yuan,*** all kinds of tourism enterprises and institutions 260,000; tourism industry, directly employing 5.98 million people, indirectly employing about 29.8 million people. practitioners are about 29.8 million; *** there are 1152 colleges and universities running tourism education, with 340,000 students enrolled.

In short, China's tourism industry borrowed the power of reform and opening up, more than 20 years of sustained and rapid development, from scratch, from small to large, the image of the industry has become increasingly distinctive, the industry's scale continues to grow, and has become one of the fastest growing industries in the national economy.

Two, China's tourism development opportunities and prospects for analysis

1, development opportunities

First of all, the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy to promote the tourism industry to a new level. 21st century in the first 10 years of China's national economy will maintain an average annual growth rate of more than 7%, the comprehensive national strength will be further improved. The deepening of the economic system reform, the development of opening up to the outside world, the overall progress of the economy and society, the adjustment of industrial structure, will promote the development of tourism.

Secondly, it is the opportunity brought by the comprehensive construction of moderately prosperous society. Comprehensive construction of moderately prosperous society, means that more than a billion people in China will be to a higher level of moderately prosperous society, tourism demand is bound to grow, tourism consumption has become one of the symbols and characteristics of moderately prosperous. China's "well-off now is still a low level, incomplete, the development of a very unbalanced well-off", but it is at this level of well-off, has formed the world's largest domestic tourism market and the fastest-growing source market for overseas tourism.

Thirdly, the implementation of the western development strategy will enable the development of a number of world-class tourism resources in the west, from the resource advantage into an economic advantage, so as to continuously improve the international competitiveness of China's tourism industry and the development of strength, the formation of China's tourism industry, a new growth pole.

Fourth, after joining the WTO, the tourism industry and its related industries will speed up the pace of international integration, the development environment will be further optimized, and will also promote the growth of international business tourism.

Fifthly, China is the safest tourist destination in the world. The September 11 incident in the United States and the outbreak of the US-Iraq war led to a downturn in tourism worldwide, but China's political stability, sustained and rapid economic development, and a series of major initiatives implemented by the Chinese government have strengthened China's image as the safest tourist destination.

Sixth, China's accession to the WTO, Beijing's successful bid for the Olympic Games, Shanghai's successful bid for the World Expo, Hangzhou's successful bid for the World Leisure Expo 2006 and the fact that the General Assembly of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) will be held in Beijing for the first time in October 2003 indicate that China's growing status and influence in the international arena is positively influencing the promotion of Chinese tourism.

2. Prospect Analysis

With the construction of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, the prospect of China's tourism industry is brilliant under the two-way interaction between supply and demand.

(1) Huge Potential of Tourism Market

With the increase of people's affluence, leisure time and disposable income will push the demand for domestic tourism to grow at a high rate. China is the world's first populous country, with the world's largest domestic tourism source market unparalleled by any other country in 2002, the equivalent of 13 Chinese people in 8 people conducted a tour. Since May 1, 1995, China has been implementing a 40-hour workweek and double rest system, and in 1999 it began to implement the seven-day holidays of May Day, November 11, and the Spring Festival, so that the total number of legal rest days that Chinese citizens can enjoy each year is now 114, and residents are increasingly having more and more leisure time. Residents have more and more leisure time. At the same time, the structure of consumption is shifting from subsistence to well-off, with consumption moving from subsistence to enjoyment and development, and the Engel coefficient declining year by year, with the Engel coefficients for urban and rural consumption dropping from 49.9% and 58.6% in 1995 to 37.7% and 46.2% in 2002, respectively. Consumption such as housing, car purchase and communication will be gradually satisfied, while demand for tourism, which is a combination of spirituality and materialism, will arise repeatedly. According to international experience, when the per capita GDP reaches 800-1,000 U.S. dollars, tourism consumption will take on a popular and universal trend and become one of the elements of life. By 2020, China will have built a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, and if calculated on the basis of two trips per person per year, the number of domestic tourists by then could be as high as about 3 billion.

(2) Unique tourism resources

China's vast territory, beautiful mountains and rivers, long history, cultural splendor, many ethnic groups, long history and vast territory has formed an incomparable richness of tourism resources. According to research, China's natural and humanistic types of tourism resources in the world's first number of more than the United States, Spain, France and other tourism powerhouses. At present, the country has more than 15,000 tourist attractions (points) covering natural landscapes, history and culture, reform achievements and social life, of which 28 are listed in the World Heritage List, 151 national key scenic spots, 44 national geoparks, 197 national nature reserves, 439 national forest parks, 99 national historical and cultural cities, and 99 national 4A tourist areas (points). 4A-level tourist areas (points) 360, 137 Chinese excellent tourist cities, and 1269 national key cultural relics protection units, all kinds of museums more than 2,000. The distinctive local customs, colorful cityscapes, and majestic construction projects, etc., provide unique conditions and base for the development of the tourism industry

(3) From a large tourism country to a world tourism powerhouse

According to the basic idea of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" for tourism development formulated by the National Tourism Administration, by 2020, the number of overseas tourists in China will reach 1.5 million, and the number of overseas tourists in China will reach 1.5 million. By 2020, the number of Chinese overseas tourists will exceed 21,000,000,000, and the foreign exchange income from tourism will be more than 58 billion U.S. dollars. Domestic tourism will reach more than 2.9 billion trips, and tourism revenue will reach more than RMB 2,040 billion. The total output of tourism will reach more than 2.5 trillion yuan, which is equivalent to about 8% of GDP. Scholars at home and abroad are unanimously optimistic about the development prospects of China's tourism industry and that China will become a world tourism powerhouse. Authoritative organizations, including the World Tourism Organization (WTO), have identified China as the top destination country for global tourism in 2020 (see Table 2). The World Tourism Council (WTC), on the other hand, predicts that by 2020, China's total tourism output will account for 8.64% of GDP, tourism consumption will account for 6.79% of total consumption, and tourism investment will account for 8.61% of total investment, which is close to the world average.

Three, and the gap between the international tourism market

Although China's tourism industry in the last thirty years has made brilliant achievements, but with the international tourism market ebara there is a considerable gap. The gap is mainly manifested in the software, not only the service level of service personnel, service quality gap, and marketing system, policy system is not perfect, laws and regulations are not sound.

As an example, there are now 49 well-known hotels around the world have entered mainland China, but we have not had a brand to manage or build a decent star hotel outside the country, this is the gap!" China still has a way to go on the road to world tourism power. China's tourism industry in the current period should start to improve the level of service, improve the quality of service, optimize the marketing system, improve the environment, and establish a sound and reasonable policy system, which all need the government, organizations, and citizens **** the same efforts, in addition to strengthening the cultivation of professional talents, including senior, intermediate and junior managers, as well as ordinary service personnel.

Fourth, the economic benefits of the tourism market analysis

According to the French Tourism Association President Philippe? Bomberger analysis: "43% of the revenue of hotels, cafes and restaurants, directly related to tourism; 42% of the revenue of air transport is related to tourism, 23% of the revenue of rail transportation, 12% of automobiles, 8% of agriculture, 6% of the construction industry is related to tourism."

Tourism is a very comprehensive industry, eating, living, traveling, touring, shopping and entertainment are the six elements of tourism. There must be food, accommodation, come in, go out, have things to buy, have a place to go to enjoy. Therefore, the development of tourism is bound to continue to drive the development of food and drink, construction, transportation, post and telecommunications, gardening, commerce, textiles, insurance and other industries directly related to this element.

According to Australian official statistics, tourism involves 108 industries in 29 economic sectors. Just take the construction industry as an example, more than a decade ago, it is difficult to live in many cities in our country is a common phenomenon, when people have a place to live outside even if it is good, and some even spend the night at the station. But just over a decade, by the end of 1998, China has 210,000 various types of hotels, foreign hotels about 4,000, more than 2,000 star-rated hotels, of which 45 five-star, four-star 117, three-star nearly 1,000 more than two-star and more than 1,000 one-star. Tourists live in a large number of places, full grade, and then has not been the original scene. During the construction industry can be imagined to obtain the development.

Oahu, Hawaii, the United States, before the development of a deserted beach, the fifties for the tourist area, built tourism, commercial streets, densely populated island. At present, the island has become an annual reception of world travelers about 4 million people in the world-famous tourist areas. The development of the construction industry, and drive the matching water, electricity, gas, ambient gas, communications and other industries, hotel decoration, furniture, catering, sanitary supplies, etc., industry and the production of agricultural products needed naturally developed accordingly, the chain effect is huge.

Tourists always buy some souvenirs, souvenirs and other local specialties to bring back. That is, the elements of tourism in the "purchase", tourism demand for goods led to crafts, souvenirs and products with national characteristics of the production and development. It is estimated that a traveler in a foreign country travel shopping costs generally about 1/2 of the total travel costs. tourism development on the related industries can be summarized in one sentence, that is, "one industry to flourish in all industries".

In addition to creating direct economic benefits, tourism can also increase social employment opportunities. As tourism promotes the development of many industries, it increases employment opportunities for the whole society. Tourism is a comprehensive industry, it can not only directly to the community to provide employment opportunities, but also indirectly for the community to provide employment opportunities. According to international customary estimates, the ratio of direct employment and indirect employment in the tourism industry is about 1:5. Every additional room in the tourism industry can directly provide 0.75 employment opportunities, and indirectly provide employment opportunities for 2.5 people in the relevant sectors (hotels, commerce, transportation). At present, the number of people working directly in the tourism industry in the city has reached as many as 30,000, and indirectly up to 200,000, accounting for one-fifth of the city's total population.

The tourism economy also has the function of poverty alleviation, tourism is a fast-acting, permanent poverty alleviation development projects. From the international and domestic tourism development process can be seen, the speed of tourism development, much faster than the speed of development of various industries. Tourism became an industry only after the Second World War, and in less than half a century it rapidly developed into the world's number one industry. This speed of development is hard to be matched by any other industry. Singapore and Thailand, our neighboring countries, have developed into Asian tourism powerhouses and world-famous tourist destinations after less than 20 years of painstaking efforts. Many tourist spots in the ethnic minority areas of our country have also heated up in a very short period of time. For example, Xishuangbanna and Dehong in Yunnan, Jiuzhaigou in Sichuan, Zhangjiajie in Hunan, and Longgong in Guizhou, all took only a few years to develop, publicize and turn into hot spots. Beihai in Guangxi was even faster, getting hot in only two or three years, and in 1992 the number of tourists had reached 1.5 million. Smaller tourist spots such as Longsheng, a hot spring, a terraced field; Rongshui, a section of the Beijiang River, the development of one or two years on the respective attracted more than 100,000 tourists. Because of people's strong desire to travel, the modernization of information transfer and the development of transportation, the development of tourism areas as long as there is a unique landscape and rich content to meet the requirements of the people, and the publicity work to the five continents and the four corners of the world, thousands of households, can be in a relatively short period of time to see the results, and into a permanent source of wealth. Therefore, the tourism industry is a short, flat, fast, permanent poverty alleviation and development projects.

Tourism is harmless to the environment and can create social and economic benefits, so it is regarded as a "smoke-free industry" by countries around the world. Supported by national policies and driven by the Olympic Games, China's tourism industry is still on the fast track of development and is going global. The development in recent years has been witnessed, but the problem also still exists, in addition to the need to improve the quality of service, but also should increase publicity, brand image, to create their own characteristics. Looking forward to China's tourism faster and better development.