Rose (scientific name: Rosa rugosa) is a wild rose in plant taxonomy. After long-term artificial cultivation and variety selection of wild roses, roses that can bloom repeatedly in one year are finally cultivated. Rose is named after bloom in the rose season. Aliases are: Rose, Moon Red, Bean Snow Red, Catharanthus roseus, Four Seasons Flower, Holy Spring, Thin Guest, etc. 1986 was selected as the flower of Beijing together with chrysanthemum. According to preliminary statistics, the cities in China that choose roses as city flowers are Tianjin, Dalian, Jinzhou, Xi 'an, Changzhi, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Xingtai, Cangzhou, Langfang, Jining, Qingdao, Weihai, Zhengzhou, Shangqiu, Luohe, Huaiyang (county), Zhumadian, Jiaozuo and Pingdingshan.

"Iceberg" flower, a rose variety with rich flowers.

Chinese rose flowers are beautiful in appearance, colorful and big in color. They are open every month and have four seasons. They have always been loved by people all over the world and are known as "the queen of flowers". In the flower market, roses, roses and roses are commonly known as roses. Roses used as cut flowers are actually modern varieties of roses, so it is more accurate to call them roses than roses. Roses are the most commonly used cut flowers in various ceremonial occasions. In flower language, red rose means pure love, passionate love or commendable enthusiasm, chastity and so on. People often regard it as a token of love, synonymous with love, the first choice flower for Valentine's Day, and the bud of red rose also represents cuteness. White roses symbolize respect and loftiness. In Japan, white roses (roses) are the main flowers on Father's Day as a symbol of father's love. Pink roses represent first love; Black roses symbolize individuality and creativity; Blue-purple roses mean precious and rare; Orange roses indicate youth and beauty; The yellow rose is an apology (but it is jealousy or disloyalty to the French); Green and white roses represent innocence, frugality or childlike innocence; Two-color roses indicate more contradictions or interests; The tricolor rose symbolizes erudition and affection.

Flowers of a multi-flowered rose variety "Dongmei"

Rose has been deeply loved by people in China, and it is one of the traditional famous flowers in China. Su Zhe, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote the poem "Rose Regeneration after Living in a Hall";

"Who longitudinal thousand axes, harm meaning willing to leave wood,

I occasionally go to see Miao in the autumn rain.

You are arrogant and cold. "

This poem shows the tenacious vitality of the Chinese rose and the spirit of daring to fight against the harsh environment.

Rose is the most common "popular flower" cultivated by working people in China, and it blooms all year round.

"Who said that nature is not biased, and spring lives alone here.

The clouds are hidden in the leaves, and the branches are long and red.

When it rains, peaches and plums are still accompanied by phoenix trees.

Spend all your time singing and drinking, but buy flowers instead of teaching. "

Catharanthus roseus, written by Ji Xu, a great poet in Song Dynasty, is a poem praising and praising the Chinese rose. The point written is very big and the description is very vivid, which makes readers happy after reading it.

In daily life, good flowers often bloom, good things often come, and good people are rewarded, which is people's good hope. Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, once wrote such a poem praising the Chinese rose:

"bloom flowers fall without interruption, and it doesn't matter whether spring comes or goes.

Peony is the most expensive in the Spring Festival Evening, although peony is only popular in early summer.

It's just that this bloom is never tired, and it has four seasons in a year. "

Among the poets of past dynasties, poems praising the beauty and fragrance of Chinese rose flowers are often open in all seasons, the most famous of which is the poem "A Rose Before Wax" by Yang Wanli, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, which describes it like this:

"Only spend ten days not red, this flower is not spring.

One pen with a peeled rouge tip and four pieces wrapped in jade velvet.

It is more fragrant than peaches and plums, but it is also in the plum blossom snow frost.

I looked at the New Year happily and forgot that it was winter this morning. "

Poems praising roses in past dynasties reflect the long cultivation history and human history of roses in China.

The flower of "Red Hat", a rose variety with many flowers.

Rose originated in China and has been cultivated for more than 2,000 years. According to legend, wild roses were dug out and planted in Shennong era. It was widely cultivated in court gardens in the Han Dynasty, especially in the Tang Dynasty. Because the climatic conditions in the Yangtze River basin in China are suitable for the growth of roses, most of the ancient rose cultivation was concentrated in the Yangtze River basin. Xie Tiao, a poet of the Southern Qi Dynasty (497-50 1) in China during the Six Dynasties, described the wild rose as red. The record of ancient Chinese rose cultivation in China is about two or three hundred years later than that of Chinese rose. In the Song Dynasty, Song Qi wrote "Yi Du Wu Fang lue", which recorded: "This flower is the so-called four-season flower in the East, with a little frost and snow. This flower will bloom in1February. " At that time, Chinese rose was cultivated in Chengdu. In Ming Dynasty, Dong Liu also wrote Catharanthus roseus in Scenery of Imperial Capital. At that time, Beijing Fengtai Caoqiao also planted Chinese rose for court decoration. There are medicinal records in Compendium of Materia Medica written by Li Shizhen (A.D. 1950), but the earliest literature about rose cultivation in China is Qunfangpu written by Ting Wang (A.D. 162 1 year). He wrote in the book: "A rose is a periwinkle, and a rose is a moon red. Irrigation students are everywhere, many races. Green stems are long vines, leaves are smaller than roses, and stems and leaves have thorns. These flowers are red, white and red, and they will bloom every month. Flowers are thick petals of Chiba and roses. " It can be seen that roses were widely cultivated at that time and became ornamental flowers everywhere. This is more than 60 years earlier than the record that Europeans imported Chinese rose from China/kloc-0. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the cultivated varieties of Chinese rose increased greatly. There are as many as 64 varieties in the Catalogue of Chinese Rose collected by Xu in the Qing Dynasty, and there are 109 varieties recorded in the Catalogue of Chinese Rose in another flower evaluation museum. In the book "Flower Mirror" in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1688), it was written: "The name of Chinese rose flower is Douxuehong and Shengchun, and the common name is Yuehong. Lianas are overgrown with prickly branches, not very long. Red flowers bloom all the year round, with different shades of white, similar to roses, but especially fragrant. White when you don't see the sun, and red when you see the sun. It can be planted or cut separately. But there are many insects and weeds, so they should be watered with fishy water. Many people use potted plants for fun. " This simply explains the main principles of cultivating and propagating Chinese rose. It can be seen that varieties with white roses will turn red in the sun, similar to some modern rose varieties cultivated today. From the 1840 Opium War to the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), China was in the era of war most of the time, and the people lived in poverty. In the early days of liberation, only dozens of varieties of rose were planted in Jiangnan.

Flowers of the flowery rose variety "Xinghua Village"

According to "Flower Appreciation Dictionary", roses were introduced to Europe from China in 1789, including cinnabar, China powder, perfume rose and China yellow rose. At that time, Britain and France, which were at war, reached a temporary armistice agreement to ensure that the Chinese rose could be safely transported from Britain to France and escorted by the British navy to Josephine, the wife of French Napoleon. Since then, gardeners have crossed, selected and cultivated these rare China roses with European roses, forming a new "hybrid tea-scented" rose system. Later, after thousands of hybridization experiments, Francis, a young French gardener, cultivated a new variety "Jin Guo" which was appreciated by the international horticultural community. At this time, when the Second World War broke out, Francis sent a package code-named "3-35-40" to the United States in order to protect these rookies. Through the hands of American gardener Ye Pei, various treasures have been cultivated. 1On April 29th, 945, in order to celebrate the complete elimination of German fascism, Pacific rose chose a new rose variety named "Peace". 1973, Mrs. Hinsdale, an American friend, together with her daughter, held a "peace" rose left by Mr. Hinsdale before his death, which was full of deep affection for the people of China, and gave it to President Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai. Since then, this rose messenger who is far away from home has gone through 200 years of development and change. After traveling around the world for a week, she returned to her hometown-China.

Peace rose-flower

Roses are widely crossed by Europeans and local varieties and carefully selected. At present, there are more than 1 10,000 varieties of modern roses cultivated in Europe and America, and the level of cultivated roses far exceeds that in China, but they are all long-term cross breeding of European roses and China roses, so China roses are called the mother of all kinds of roses in the world.

After the founding of New China, Beijing Tiantan Park began to introduce and cultivate rose in 1956, when there were only a dozen varieties. 1959, the park hired Ms. Jiang Enyun, who came back from the United States, as a rose consultant, improved the previous cultivation techniques and introduced a large number of new varieties. In the absence of greenhouse and nursery at that time, the bottle insertion method was used instead of grafting method, which improved the survival rate and laid the foundation for the future development of Tiantan rose. In the winter of 1960, the ground-planted rose was successfully protected against cold by the method of piling soil at the root. These two measures have created a new way to cultivate Chinese rose in the open field in the north. Tiantan rose was designated as the reference standard of northern rose varieties at the Hangzhou National Rose Work Conference in 1963. 196 1 year, Tiantan Park began to build a rose garden on the west side of the Hall of Prayer for the New Year. By 1963, it has basically begun to take shape, covering an area of 1.38 hectares and planting more than 5000 roses/kloc-0. The flower stands, flower stands and flower fences in the garden were all full of roses, which made it unique and became the largest rose garden in the north at that time. Therefore, in the eyes of Beijingers, the Tiantan rose is the most famous in Beijing. During the "Cultural Revolution", the cultivation of flowers in the Temple of Heaven was regarded as "closed for repair" and was seriously damaged.

A miniature variety of flowering roses-"Moheim Palace"

After the Cultural Revolution, the government attached great importance to urban landscaping. 65438-0979, Beijing Institute of Landscape Science was established in Beijing. In order to meet the requirements of urban greening and beautification development, the introduction and breeding experiment and application of rich-flowered rose (Xinghua Village), the introduction and breeding cultivation experiment of several cold-resistant rich-flowered roses, the introduction and breeding technology of vine roses, and the research and development of rose series have been carried out successively. During the research, nearly 1,000 rose varieties were introduced from abroad, and more than 30 rose varieties were screened out, such as vines, flowers, ground covers and large flowers. Red, yellow and pink roses are widely used in the greening of streets and alleys in Beijing. A special rose garden with a total area of 7 hectares, 1993, was built in Beijing Botanical Garden in May to collect and display all kinds of rose varieties. At present, 620 varieties of rose have been planted, accounting for more than 654.38+plants. It is one of the largest rose gardens in China and is in a leading position in China. Now, every year from May 1 Sunday to1October, Chinese roses can be seen everywhere in parks and street greenbelts in Beijing. The Beijing Rose Association also holds the "Beijing Rose Exhibition" every year, which has been held for 24 times in 2003. The Chinese rose flower exhibition spread the knowledge of Chinese rose and promoted the culture of Chinese rose, which was loved by the citizens of the capital.

A Big-flowered Rose-"Perfect"

Rose (scientific name: Rosa rugosa) is a wild rose in plant taxonomy. After long-term artificial cultivation and variety selection of wild roses, roses that can bloom repeatedly in one year are finally cultivated. Rose is named after bloom in the rose season. Aliases are: Rose, Moon Red, Bean Snow Red, Catharanthus roseus, Four Seasons Flower, Holy Spring, Thin Guest, etc. 1986 was selected as the flower of Beijing together with chrysanthemum. According to preliminary statistics, the cities in China that choose roses as city flowers are Tianjin, Dalian, Jinzhou, Xi 'an, Changzhi, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Xingtai, Cangzhou, Langfang, Jining, Qingdao, Weihai, Zhengzhou, Shangqiu, Luohe, Huaiyang (county), Zhumadian, Jiaozuo and Pingdingshan.

"Iceberg" flower, a rose variety with rich flowers.

Chinese rose flowers are beautiful in appearance, colorful and big in color. They are open every month and have four seasons. They have always been loved by people all over the world and are known as "the queen of flowers". In the flower market, roses, roses and roses are commonly known as roses. Roses used as cut flowers are actually modern varieties of roses, so it is more accurate to call them roses than roses. Roses are the most commonly used cut flowers in various ceremonial occasions. In flower language, red rose means pure love, passionate love or commendable enthusiasm, chastity and so on. People often regard it as a token of love, synonymous with love, the first choice flower for Valentine's Day, and the bud of red rose also represents cuteness. White roses symbolize respect and nobility. In Japan, white roses (roses) are the main flowers on Father's Day as a symbol of father's love. Pink roses represent first love; Black roses symbolize individuality and creativity; Blue-purple roses mean precious and rare; Orange roses indicate youth and beauty; The yellow rose is an apology (but it is jealousy or disloyalty to the French); Green and white roses represent innocence, frugality or childlike innocence; Two-color roses indicate more contradictions or interests; The tricolor rose symbolizes erudition and affection.

Flowers of a multi-flowered rose variety "Dongmei"

Rose has been deeply loved by people in China, and it is one of the traditional famous flowers in China. Su Zhe, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote the poem "Rose Regeneration after Living in a Hall";

"Who longitudinal thousand axes, harm meaning willing to leave wood,

I occasionally go to see Miao in the autumn rain.

You are arrogant and cold. "

This poem shows the tenacious vitality of the Chinese rose and the spirit of daring to fight against the harsh environment.

Rose is the most common "popular flower" cultivated by working people in China, and it blooms all year round.

"Who said that nature is not biased, and spring lives alone here.

The clouds are hidden in the leaves, and the branches are long and red.

When it rains, peaches and plums are still accompanied by phoenix trees.

Spend all your time singing and drinking, but buy flowers instead of teaching. "

Catharanthus roseus, written by Ji Xu, a great poet in Song Dynasty, is a poem praising and praising the Chinese rose. The point written is very big and the description is very vivid, which makes readers happy after reading it.

In daily life, good flowers often bloom, good things often come, and good people are rewarded, which is people's good hope. Su Dongpo, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, once wrote such a poem praising the Chinese rose:

"bloom flowers fall without interruption, and it doesn't matter whether spring comes or goes.

Peony is the most expensive in the Spring Festival Evening, although peony is only popular in early summer.

It's just that this bloom is never tired, and it has four seasons in a year. "

Among the poets of past dynasties, poems praising the beauty and fragrance of Chinese rose flowers are often open in all seasons, the most famous of which is the poem "A Rose Before Wax" by Yang Wanli, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, which describes it like this:

"Only spend ten days not red, this flower is not spring.

One pen with a peeled rouge tip and four pieces wrapped in jade velvet.

It is more fragrant than peaches and plums, but it is also in the plum blossom snow frost.

I looked at the New Year happily and forgot that it was winter this morning. "

Poems praising roses in past dynasties reflect the long cultivation history and human history of roses in China.

The flower of "Red Hat", a rose variety with many flowers.

Rose originated in China and has been cultivated for more than 2,000 years. According to legend, wild roses were dug out and planted in Shennong era. It was widely cultivated in court gardens in the Han Dynasty, especially in the Tang Dynasty. Because the climatic conditions in the Yangtze River basin in China are suitable for the growth of roses, most of the ancient rose cultivation was concentrated in the Yangtze River basin. Xie Tiao, a poet of the Southern Qi Dynasty (497-50 1) in China during the Six Dynasties, described the wild rose as red. The record of ancient Chinese rose cultivation in China is about two or three hundred years later than that of Chinese rose. In the Song Dynasty, Song Qi wrote "Yi Du Wu Fang lue", which recorded: "This flower is the so-called four-season flower in the East, with a little frost and snow. This flower will bloom in1February. " At that time, Chinese rose was cultivated in Chengdu. In Ming Dynasty, Dong Liu also wrote Catharanthus roseus in Scenery of Imperial Capital. At that time, Beijing Fengtai Caoqiao also planted Chinese rose for court decoration. There are medicinal records in Compendium of Materia Medica written by Li Shizhen (A.D. 1950), but the earliest literature about rose cultivation in China is Qunfangpu written by Ting Wang (A.D. 162 1 year). He wrote in the book: "A rose is a periwinkle, and a rose is a moon red. Irrigation students are everywhere, many races. Green stems are long vines, leaves are smaller than roses, and stems and leaves have thorns. These flowers are red, white and red, and they will bloom every month. Flowers are thick petals of Chiba and roses. " It can be seen that roses were widely cultivated at that time and became ornamental flowers everywhere. This is more than 60 years earlier than the record that Europeans imported Chinese rose from China/kloc-0. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the cultivated varieties of Chinese rose increased greatly. There are as many as 64 varieties in the Catalogue of Chinese Rose collected by Xu in the Qing Dynasty, and there are 109 varieties recorded in the Catalogue of Chinese Rose in another flower evaluation museum. In the book "Flower Mirror" in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1688), it was written: "The name of Chinese rose flower is Douxuehong and Shengchun, and the common name is Yuehong. Lianas are overgrown with prickly branches, not very long. Red flowers bloom all the year round, with different shades of white, similar to roses, but especially fragrant. White when you don't see the sun, and red when you see the sun. It can be planted or cut separately. But there are many insects and weeds, so they should be watered with fishy water. Many people use potted plants for fun. " This simply explains the main principles of cultivating and propagating Chinese rose. It can be seen that varieties with white roses will turn red in the sun, similar to some modern rose varieties cultivated today. From the 1840 Opium War to the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), China was in the era of war most of the time, and the people lived in poverty. In the early days of liberation, only dozens of varieties of rose were planted in Jiangnan.

Flowers of the flowery rose variety "Xinghua Village"

According to "Flower Appreciation Dictionary", roses were introduced to Europe from China in 1789, including cinnabar, China powder, perfume rose and China yellow rose. At that time, Britain and France, which were at war, reached a temporary armistice agreement to ensure that the Chinese rose could be safely transported from Britain to France and escorted by the British navy to Josephine, the wife of French Napoleon. Since then, gardeners have crossed, selected and cultivated these rare China roses with European roses, forming a new "hybrid tea-scented" rose system. Later, after thousands of hybridization experiments, Francis, a young French gardener, cultivated a new variety "Jin Guo" which was appreciated by the international horticultural community. At this time, when the Second World War broke out, Francis sent a package code-named "3-35-40" to the United States in order to protect these rookies. Through the hands of American gardener Ye Pei, various treasures have been cultivated. 1On April 29th, 945, in order to celebrate the complete elimination of German fascism, Pacific rose chose a new rose variety named "Peace". 1973, Mrs. Hinsdale, an American friend, together with her daughter, held a "peace" rose left by Mr. Hinsdale before his death, which was full of deep affection for the people of China, and gave it to President Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai. Since then, this rose messenger who is far away from home has gone through 200 years of development and change. After traveling around the world for a week, she returned to her hometown-China.

Peace rose-flower

Roses are widely crossed by Europeans and local varieties and carefully selected. At present, there are more than 1 10,000 varieties of modern roses cultivated in Europe and America, and the level of cultivated roses far exceeds that in China, but they are all long-term cross breeding of European roses and China roses, so China roses are called the mother of all kinds of roses in the world.

After the founding of New China, Beijing Tiantan Park began to introduce and cultivate rose in 1956, when there were only a dozen varieties. 1959, the park hired Ms. Jiang Enyun, who came back from the United States, as a rose consultant, improved the previous cultivation techniques and introduced a large number of new varieties. In the absence of greenhouse and nursery at that time, the bottle insertion method was used instead of grafting method, which improved the survival rate and laid the foundation for the future development of Tiantan rose. In the winter of 1960, the ground-planted rose was successfully protected against cold by the method of piling soil at the root. These two measures have created a new way to cultivate Chinese rose in the open field in the north. Tiantan rose was designated as the reference standard of northern rose varieties at the Hangzhou National Rose Work Conference in 1963. 196 1 year, Tiantan Park began to build a rose garden on the west side of the Hall of Prayer for the New Year. By 1963, it has basically begun to take shape, covering an area of 1.38 hectares and planting more than 5000 roses/kloc-0. The flower stands, flower stands and flower fences in the garden were all full of roses, which made it unique and became the largest rose garden in the north at that time. Therefore, in the eyes of Beijingers, the Tiantan rose is the most famous in Beijing. During the "Cultural Revolution", the cultivation of flowers in the Temple of Heaven was regarded as "closed for repair" and was seriously damaged.

A miniature variety of flowering roses-"Moheim Palace"

After the Cultural Revolution, the government attached great importance to urban landscaping. 65438-0979, Beijing Institute of Landscape Science was established in Beijing. In order to meet the requirements of urban greening and beautification development, the introduction and breeding experiment and application of rich-flowered rose (Xinghua Village), the introduction and breeding cultivation experiment of several cold-resistant rich-flowered roses, the introduction and breeding technology of vine roses, and the research and development of rose series have been carried out successively. During the research, nearly 1,000 rose varieties were introduced from abroad, and more than 30 rose varieties were screened out, such as vines, flowers, ground covers and large flowers. Red, yellow and pink roses are widely used in the greening of streets and alleys in Beijing. A special rose garden with a total area of 7 hectares, 1993, was built in Beijing Botanical Garden in May to collect and display all kinds of rose varieties. At present, 620 varieties of rose have been planted, accounting for more than 654.38+plants. It is one of the largest rose gardens in China and is in a leading position in China. Now, every year from May 1 Sunday to1October, Chinese roses can be seen everywhere in parks and street greenbelts in Beijing. The Beijing Rose Association also holds the "Beijing Rose Exhibition" every year, which has been held for 24 times in 2003. The Chinese rose flower exhibition spread the knowledge of Chinese rose and promoted the culture of Chinese rose, which was loved by the citizens of the capital.