I walked through several courtyards of Shanxi merchants, looked at the fortress walls with strict barriers, and walked through the narrow courtyards with no grass and trees planted everywhere. I thought that besides the deeds that we can be proud of, I'm afraid we really have some places to reflect on

Shanxi merchants, Huizhou merchants, north and south factions, and there are always many differences in water and soil.

The so-called Huizhou merchants should refer to those who were born in Huizhou in the old days. In the old days, Huizhou governed Shexian, Xiuning, yi county, Wuyuan, Qimen and Jixi, which was called Xin 'an in ancient times. Today, several Shanxi merchants' courtyards and Pingyao ancient city are all concentrated in the present Jinzhong City. The Wangs' Courtyard is in Lingshi Jingsheng, the Changjia Manor is in Yuci Car Rim, the Caojia Courtyard is in Taigu North, the Qiaojia Courtyard is in Qiaojiabao, Qixian County, and the Qujia Courtyard is in Dongguan, Qixian County. It is still under the control of Taiyuan and Fenzhou.

Shanxi merchants, Huizhou merchants, and North and South factions all have a lot of money, which is the best in the world. Huizhou people say that "the sea is very precious, and Huizhou merchants hide three points." Lao Xier is full of confidence. "The world is rich, with three surnames in Shanxi and two surnames in Huizhou".

Yuci, Taigu, Qixian and Pingyao in Shanxi are arranged in sequence from north to south in Taiyuan Basin in central Shanxi, and Lingshi has already climbed the mountain between Taiyuan Basin and Linfen Basin. When it comes to the rise of Shanxi merchants, most of them start with the "open-China system" of the Ming Dynasty.

Huizhou is located in the mountainous area of southern Anhui. According to Hu Shi's Oral Autobiography, Huizhou people had to leave agricultural production and go to the city to do business in order to survive.

Hu Shi's ancestral home is Jixi, Huizhou, and his ancestors were also businessmen. In Hu Shi's generation, there was an oil warehouse and a wine warehouse at home, and he ran a tea house in partnership with others. "So for more than a thousand years, we Huizhou people have been famous all over the country for being good at doing business." Hu Shi went on to talk about culture. "However, apart from economic factors, my fellow villager's tradition of going out from home, going through hardships and taking risks in business also has its cultural significance. Because we live in a big city for a long time, we Huizhou people can get ahead of the times in culture and education. " Mr. Wang even pulled out Zhu Xi. Although Zhu Xi was born in Youxi, Nanping, Fujian, his ancestral home was Wuyuan, Huizhou, and Huizhou was Xin 'an County in ancient times, so his writings were mostly signed "Xin 'an Zhu Xi". Hu Shi said: "Therefore, after the Middle Ages, it is no accident that some Huizhou scholars, such as Zhu Xi in the 12th century and those after him, especially those in the 18th and 9th centuries, such as Jiang Yong, Dai Zhen, Yu Zhengxie, Ling Tingkan, etc., were able to occupy a higher position in China academic circles." This brings us to the New Neo-Confucianism, which had a long and significant influence in the history of China's thought. It is said that Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, the founders of Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism, and Zhu Xi, the master of Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism, all have their ancestral homes in Huizhou, so Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism is also called Xin 'an Neo-Confucianism.

Although Huizhou people attach importance to business, they are "a village of ten families, and they don't waste reading", so today we can still find the old images of Ziyang Academy in Wuyuan, Pingshan Academy in yi county, zhushan academy Academy and Nanhu Academy, and it seems that we can vaguely hear the endless "water in the meandering bay of people's hearts, and things overlap with mountains". Only in this way can the Xin 'an Neo-Confucianism be inherited, and the rise of Huizhou Park Studies be realized. Only in this way can Huizhou Confucian scholars have the tradition of "not being a good doctor". Since ancient times, Huizhou Confucian scholars have been engaged in medicine, forming a prestigious Xin 'an medicine. Only in this way can Hu Shi be proud of his hard-working townships, Zhu Xi, Jiang Yong, Dai Zhen, Tao Xingzhi and Huang Binhong ...

Huang Binhong was born in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province in the fourth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty. Today Jinhua has the Huang Binhong Art Museum covering an area of 18,111 square meters. Huang Binhong died in Hangzhou in 1955. There is a memorial hall for Huang Binhong at No.31 Qixialing, Hangzhou, and a bronze statue of Huang Binhong by the West Lake. However, Huang Binhong is not from Zhejiang. Mr. Huang is from Tandu Village, Shexian County, Anhui Province. His father is a businessman, "Business Travel Jinhua", who runs the Guangdabu General Company, so Mr. Huang has the opportunity to be born in Zhejiang. When Mr. Wang was 26 years old, his father failed in business and returned to Tandu, Shexian County. Mr. Wang was 31 years old and his father died. Mr. Wang returned to his hometown for more than ten years and left his former residence, Binhong Caotang, in Tandu. "South Yellow and North Qi", Mr. Wang has made great achievements in art. To say that Mr. Wang's artistic inheritance, we should naturally find the deep roots of Xin 'an Painting School. Since we talk about painting, we should naturally want to get the Huizhou seal cutting that began in Wuyuan He Xueyu in the Ming Dynasty.

Earlier than the elegant and lonely Xin 'an Painting School, there were Huizhou prints with local customs. The Painting Spectrum of Ten Bamboo Grottoes and Annotation Spectrum of Ten Bamboo Grottoes carved by Hu Zhengyan in Xiuning, Huizhou in the Ming Dynasty are epoch-making works in the world printing history. Some people describe Huizhou printmaking as follows: "The most magnificent school of printmaking in the Ming Dynasty rose in Huizhou Prefecture in the middle of the 15th century, and reached its peak at the end of the 17th century. It stood alone in the sea for a while, and its output, variety and artistry reached an unprecedented level." The foundation of Huizhou printmaking is derived from Huizhou engraving.

supported by dajia, a great Huizhou businessman, the Huizhou tune of local ditty was gradually developed and perfected, and then four Huizhou classes entered Beijing in the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong, causing a sensation. With the support of dajia, a giant businessman who never tires of refined food and meticulous food, Huizhou merchants also eat one of the eight major cuisines. There are also Huizhou architecture represented by Xidi and Hongcun, which are decorated with tiles and white walls between green mountains and clear waters. Naturally, there are Huizhou ink, she inkstone and Huizhou bonsai ...

Hu Shisheng was born in Shanghai, returned to Shangzhuang, Jixi, Huizhou at the age of 4, and left his hometown to study at the age of 13. Hu Shi said in his later years: "Huizhou dialect is my first language. The poems I read in Jixi dialect when I was a child can only be read in dialect now. " Turning to Hu Shi's Oral Autobiography, the first sentence at the beginning of the autobiography is: "I am from Huizhou, Anhui." Only this sentence, a cultural person made a footnote to the Huizhou merchants' leisurely unification, which made a faint fragrance overflow from the copper smell of the Huizhou merchants' giants.

I walked through several courtyards of Shanxi merchants, looked at the fortress walls with strict barriers, and walked through the narrow courtyards with no grass and trees planted everywhere, thinking that besides the deeds that we can be proud of, I'm afraid we really have some places to reflect on.