turning the dark highway,
into a bright corridor.
-- "Night Walk"
Figure 1 People hailing cars on the side of the road at night in Sanlitun, where the traffic is heavy
The night is getting thicker, and the lights are coming on at the beginning of the day. As the A-side of daytime life ends, the B-side of nighttime life begins.
Accompanied by the social productivity and urbanization process intensified, the traditional sunrise and sunset of the production and living habits have changed accordingly, the time to the continuation of the deeper night, to become a productive force that can not be ignored, known as the "night economy.
The night-time economy (night-time economy) is a term that originated in the 1970s in the United Kingdom to improve the phenomenon of empty nests in urban centers at night. In the academic community *** knowledge is that the night-time economy is one of the modern city business, refers to the economic and cultural activities contained from 6:00 pm to 6:00 am the next day, and its business includes evening shopping, dining, tourism, entertainment, learning, film and television, leisure, etc.
Night-time economy (night-time economy) is a term used to describe the economic and cultural activities of a city.
The nighttime economy needs to rely on transportation support, according to reports, the Shanghai Municipality this year launched a summer weekend and holiday subway operating hours extended by 60 minutes, hoping to take advantage of the "precious hour" to increase the turnover of shopping malls; last year, the London Underground part of the line 24 hours a day, overnight subway plan for the London economy to bring ￡ 77 million in revenue each year. 77 million pounds per year for the London economy.
Traveling makes nighttime economic activity viable and the most visible manifestation of it. The stronger a city's nighttime travel, the greater the intensity of economic activity. Below, we analyze nighttime travel in Chinese cities through the DDT big data.
400 cities with shining stars
Connecting to the "Hu Huanyong Line" of nighttime travel
First, looking at the issue from a national perspective, using a dynamic, human activity-centered approach, we plotted daytime to nighttime travel orders through DDT. "The stars are shining" graph.
Figure 2 24-hour travel heat changes in 400 cities across the country
Travel is a symptom of a city's popularity cluster, its active nightlife, and its prosperity; active cities have a strong attraction to foot traffic, and also tend to be more economically advanced, with more thriving industries. Glowing cobwebs are metropolitan areas, a bright spot is isolated big cities, while some lack of popularity of small cities, ghost towns empty city is much dimmer at night.
Setting the clock at 18:00, Figure 3 shows that the southeast half of the country is far more active than the northwest, with the brightest areas being the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and the coastal cities from Liaoning connecting to the stretching coastline of mainland China.
Figure 3 Heat map of travel at 18:00 in 400 cities across the country
Zhengzhou, Wuhan, and Changsha are hotter in the central cities; to the west, Xi'an, Chengdu, and Chongqing shine the brightest in nighttime travel; it is worth noting that even after 22:00, many cities in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, and Tibet are still active, according to the moving map in Figure 2; in the northeast, the three provincial capitals each shine alone at night.
And then the major inland cities are connected to become a night travel active "Hu Huanyong line", and even to the west to the north of the breakthrough, the right side of the line includes more cities.
Mobile technology has leveled the playing field between east and west, as in Xinjiang, which is far from the economically developed eastern seaboard, and Urumqi, an international metropolis in Central Asia, where smart mobility has complemented the Belt and Road Initiative, and where demand for mobility is growing at a rapid rate.
Previously, academics have used NASA's nighttime lighting charts to study economic development and urban development, and brighter nighttime lighting is closely linked to higher GDP, and satellite observations of a region's lighting can more accurately reveal the level of local economic development (Chen & Nordhaus, 2011; Henderson et al, 2012). The data can also be used to determine the level of economic development of a region. Lights, mapped through nighttime travel trajectories, can do the same thing.
Figure 4 Top 10 cities with the highest percentage of nighttime trips (22:00-06:00)
From the 400 cities in China, according to DDT's big data, the top 10 cities with the highest percentage of nighttime trips include 8 cities in the South, which is probably due to the South's year-round warm climate, rich nightlife, and residents' living habits; 6 cities in the coastal region include 6 cities in the South, and 6 cities in the coastal region include 6 cities in the South. Coastal cities accounted for six, seaside cities rich in ingredients, most residents have the habit of late-night snacks, plus many are also tourist cities, late-night travel is very active.
From late-night sleeplessness to sunset,
Which type is your hometown?
Next, we selected provincial capitals and other top-ranking ****100 cities in terms of orders, and plotted the trend of nighttime travel distribution from 16:00-24:00, using different colors to represent the intensity of activity, as seen in Figure 5, which shows that China's major cities are categorized into four types.
Figure 5 Nighttime Travel Distribution Trends in Major Chinese Cities (click image to view HD)
The city that never sleeps , with an activity index of ☆☆☆☆☆
The first-tier cities of Beijiang, Guangzhou and Shenzhen and some of the Pearl River Delta and eastern coastal cities (represented by Foshan, Dongguan, and Xiamen) are extremely active in terms of nighttime travel, with a clear double-peak, and in addition to the nighttime peak around 18:00 There will be a night peak at 21:00-22:00.
The City of 22:00 , with an active index of ☆☆☆☆
Second- and third-tier cities are predominantly represented by Wuhan, Fuzhou, and Changsha, etc., where nighttime travel is more active, and although there is a clear evening peak, the volume of trips in all time periods before 22:00 stays at a high level.
Late-night type , Active Index ☆☆☆☆
Third- and fourth-tier cities are dominated by Wuxi and Yantai in the east, and Luzhou, Mianyang, and Nanchong in the central and western regions, with the peak of trips focusing on the period between 18:00-19:00, and nighttime trips being extremely inactive.
Sunset and rest type, activity index ☆☆☆
This type is dominated by northeastern cities, with the activity level of taxi trips increasing significantly from 16:00 onwards, reaching a peak between 17:00-18:00, and the activity level is extremely low after 22:00 at night, with trips per unit hour less than 1/5 of the peak time.
Fig. 6 Comparison of activity intensity of typical cities in different time periods (Click to view image) Taking a typical city, Harbin is the earliest city in the evening peak, entering the peak before 17:00. Northeastern cities with short days and long nights in winter continue this work habit throughout the year, going to work early and getting off work early, but after the evening peak, it gradually enters into the sedentary period, and the amount of travel after 22:00 is very little.
The latest city in the evening rush hour is Urumqi, with the peak occurring at 19:30, which is probably more affected by the time difference, as the whole of China adopts Beijing time (UTC+8) as the standard time, and the local time of Urumqi, which is located in the Sixth East Zone, is two hours later than Beijing time. Beijing time of 19:30 is equivalent to Urumqi local time of 17:30, which is also the normal closing time.
The most active city in terms of nighttime travel is Beijing, with 18:00, 21:00, and 22:00 being the peak travel times, and slowly dropping after 23:30; the least active city is Jiujiang, with a significant drop in travel after 19:00; and Lijiang, which has no nighttime peaks but only nighttime peaks, as a tourist city, where the nighttime peaks of the commute have disappeared, and waves of tourists climaxing in the night and again will be the ancient city lit up.
The proportion of destinations in each city is different, reflecting the character of the city and the living habits of its residents.
Figure 7: Beijing's 21:00-22:00 travel track with residential neighborhoods and consumption places as destinations (blue represents residential areas, orange represents leisure and entertainment venues)
Figure 8: Guangzhou's 21:00-22:00 travel track with residential neighborhoods and consumption venues as destinations (blue represents residential neighborhoods, orange represents leisure and entertainment venues)
In Figures 7 and 8, blue represents destinations and consumption places, blue represents residential areas, and orange represents leisure and entertainment venues. and Figure 8, blue represents taxi orders destined for residential areas, and orange represents taxi orders for leisure and entertainment. Taking Beijing and Guangzhou for comparison, it can be seen that Beijing has the highest proportion of people going home after 21:00, and a large number of people are pouring out from several centers of the Guomao, Xi'erqi, and Wangjing, and 20 million people in Beijing are busy with their lives; consumption places are much larger than residential areas in the nighttime trips of the people of Guangzhou, and they are more like to go to leisure and relaxation after work. More like to go to leisure and relaxation, life and work both, 14 million people in Guangzhou to enjoy life.
Ben Rogers, director of the research institute "Center for London", believes that people's mobility has a direct impact on the prosperity of the night-time economy. According to the data, Beijing Wangfujing appeared more than 1 million people peak traffic is in the night market, Shanghai night commercial sales accounted for 50% of the daytime, Chongqing more than 2/3 of the catering turnover is realized at night, Guangzhou service industry output value of 55% from the night economy.
Nighttime activities are often limited by transportation, and the fun has to come to an abrupt end. After 10pm, people are as worried about missing the last bus as they are about Cinderella ringing the midnight bell, which makes online dating a powerful addition to the infrastructure at night, and facilitates people's trips while prolonging the time of economic activity.