Shi Naian

(1296 ~ 1371)

Ming Zi 'an (a famous ear), also known as Zhao Rui, was named Yan Duan, and was named Nai 'an.

native place: Xinghua, Jiangsu. Originally from Hailing County, Taizhou, he lived in Shijiaxiang, outside Changmen, Suzhou, and then moved to Baijuchang, Xinghua County (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).

identity: China, a famous ancient writer, was born at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and was the author of the novel Water Margin.

Life:

There are few materials about Shi Naian's life story, and some records collected are quite contradictory. Since the 1921s, some materials about Shi Naian have been found in Xinghua, Dafeng, Yandu and other places in Jiangsu Province, such as Shi's Genealogy and Shi's Nagato Genealogy, etc. In addition, Supplement 13 to Continued Records of Xinghua County contains 1 biographies of Shi Naian, and Supplement 14 contains 1 epitaphs of Shi Naian written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty.

According to the analysis of these materials,

Shi Naian is a descendant of Shi Zhi, one of the seventy-two children of Confucius, and the descendants of Shi Zhi in the late Tang Dynasty made Suzhou their home. His father's name is Yuan De, and his mother is Bian Shi (descendants of Bian Shi have also moved to Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).

since childhood, Shi Naian has been smart and eager to learn. He is brilliant, devoted to filial piety, and brave in righteousness.

At the age of p>19, he was a scholar, at the age of 28, he was a scholar, and at the age of 36, he joined Liu Bowen in the list.

He was an official in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) for three years. Because he was dissatisfied with the darkness of the officialdom, he did not want to cater to the dignitaries, so he abandoned his official position and returned to his hometown. When Zhang Shicheng revolted against Yuan Dynasty, Shi took part in his military activities. After Zhang occupied Su, Shi participated in the planning under his curtain, and he had a close relationship with his Ministry Bian Yuanheng. Later, due to Zhang's greed for pleasure and lack of advice, Shi was greatly disappointed with Lu Yuan, Liu Liang and Chen Ji and left one after another. When giving farewell to Lu and Liu Xiang, he made a divertimento "New Water Makes Qiu Jiang Farewell" to express his generous grief. Soon, Zhang Shicheng died and the country was destroyed. Shi traveled all over the world, roaming in Shandong, Henan and other places. He was friendly with Liu Shanben, who was taught by Yuncheng County, Shandong Province, and later lived in the early Xu family in Jiangyin as his teacher. Later, he returned to his old white pony, unable to live in seclusion, and felt that the current political situation was declining. He wrote "The Water Margin" as a sustenance, and together with disciple Luo Guanzhong, he wrote "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "The Legend of Three Sui Ping Yao". He is also good at poetry, but it is rarely circulated. In addition to the divertimento "Qiu Jiang Farewell", there are other poems handed down from generation to generation, such as Gu Ti's poems and Liu Liang's poems. Shi Naian hid in Huai 'an to avoid being drafted by the Ming Dynasty, died of illness, and was buried on the spot at the age of 75. Decades after Nai 'an's death, Sun Wenyu's family was flourishing, and his ancestor Nai 'an's bones were buried in Xiluo Lake (now Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Town, Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province), and Wang Daosheng was invited to write "Shi Naian's Epitaph".

In the 19th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1541), Gao Ru's Records of a Hundred Rivers contained: "The Legend of Loyalty and Righteousness is 111 volumes. Ben of Qiantang Shi Naian. Luo Guanzhong edited. " In the forty-fifth year of Jiajing, Lang Ying said in the "Seven Manuscripts": "This book is the" Shi Naian's Book of Qiantang ". During the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in the "Shaoshi Mountain House Pen Collection": "The Water Margin compiled by Shimou in Wulin is particularly popular." Today, people agree that Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin.

Shi Naian Memorial Hall

Shi Naian Memorial Hall, located on Huajiadui in the western suburb of Baiju Town (once under Xinghua) in Dafeng City, is said to be the place where Shi Naian wrote books. Surrounded by water and dense reeds, it has a strong flavor of "Water Margin". When visitors come here, they will suspect that they have really arrived in Liaoerwa, Shui Bo, Liangshan. Located in the center of Huajiaduo, the memorial hall is an ancient residential building with three entrances in front and back, and a small brick tile in the east and west hatchways. It is surrounded by white walls. The first entrance is the entrance hall, and above the vermicelli gate is the plaque of "Shi Naian Memorial Hall" written by calligraphy master Qi Gong.

Shi Naian was born in Shijiaqiao, outside Changmen, Suzhou. According to the genealogy of Shi's family, Shi Naian, whose name is Yanduan, is an ordinary descendant of Shi, one of the seventy-two sages of Confucius' protege. His father was a boatman. At the age of 13, he went to Hushuguan to study privately. At the age of 19, he was a scholar. At the age of 29, he was a scholar with Liu Bowen.

Shi Naian moved here to live in seclusion to avoid the war and wrote Water Margin. According to folk word-of-mouth, Zhang Shicheng rose up against Yuan, called the prince of Wu in Pingjiang (Suzhou), and hired Shi Naian as his military adviser. Later, Zhang Shicheng reduced Yuan, and Shi Naian repeatedly refused to give advice, so he abandoned his post and went to Jiangyin Zhutang Donglin Temple to sit in the pavilion. Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to besiege Pingjiang, and the war spread to Jiangyin. Shi Naian remembered that Gu Ting, a friend of Songjiang Tongzhi and Jiaxing Road Tongzhi, was from Xinghua. There is a remote place, surrounded by water, and the traffic is inconvenient. It has always been said that "Zhaoyang (another name of Xinghua) has been a good place to avoid soldiers since ancient times", so I specially sent someone to send a letter to Gu Ti, with a poem:

I wandered around the world in the wild and found a good home in Yangshan (referring to Zhaoyang, improvisation).

I'd like to plant more trees than teach plums to bear fruit like melons. (At that time, the folk song: "Cucumber in Li Sheng, the people are homeless")

After seeing the letter, Gu Ti immediately wrote back to Shi Naian, welcoming him to take refuge in Xinghua. The letter also answers a poem:

I came from the south of the Yangtze River to ask about it and send a smile to my old colleague.

This is not a paradise. Where can Taoyuan avoid Qin?

after receiving the letter, Shi Naian left his eldest brother Yan Ming at his native place in Suzhou, took his second wife Shen, his second brother Yan Cai and his master Luo Guanzhong, braved the wind, crossed the river to the north, stayed at Gu Ti's home in Xinghua for a while, and then, with Gu Ti's help, he bought land and real estate in the sparsely populated seaside white pony farm east of Xinghua, where he lived in seclusion, and he made many friends with farmers and farmers. When the book was written, Shi Naian wrote two poems:

Sitting in the middle of the Taiping Emperor, prudent officials are divided into four parts.

But seeing the fat sheep rather than the old man, I don't hear about the general.

I'm a family business, and I want to send a quick essay with eulogy.

if you don't learn from the southeast, you don't shy away from the sun, but there are clouds in the northwest.

Generally speaking, life is a hill, and it will be the same after a hundred years.

The plow is safe and respectful to the chariot, and the violent and strange temperature is better than the fur.

Zi Jian is a tiger, while Zhuang Sheng is a cow.

If the night is cold, you will be drunk and soft, and you will rest if your words are not surprising.

The first one is about confessing one's political ideal, hoping that a wise monarch can rule the world with integrity and let the people live and work in peace and contentment, and there will be no more wars. The second one is about his quiet life of seclusion and writing books. Although it is not obvious in the present world, it is also comfortable and comfortable. However, the fact is not what Shi Naian thought. The Water Margin spread like wildfire after it was written and was introduced into the palace. Zhu Yuanzhang said, "This book is also a book that advocates chaos, and this person must have a conspiracy." He ordered Shi Naian to be put in prison for more than a year. After being rescued by Liu Bowen, he was released in Hongwu in Ming Dynasty for three years and died in Huai' an on the way.

After Shi Naian's death, Shi Dianbang, his 12th grandson, initiated the transformation of his former residence in Baiju Town into Shi's Ancestral Hall. Later, after several repairs and expansions, it became a three-way entrance, with an auditorium next to the temple. The first entrance is the entrance hall, with a tea house inside; The second is the bookstore for artists to say "Water Margin"; The third entrance is Fuyin Hall, dedicated to the spirit tablet of Shi Naian, the ancestor of Qianxing, and his descendants, where ancestors are worshipped in spring and autumn every year. Shici was unfortunately destroyed by the anti-Japanese war. In the early 1991s, the Ministry of Culture and the People's Government of Jidafeng County, Jiangsu Province raised funds from various sources. Referring to the restoration map of Shi's ancestral hall drawn by Professor Yu Heng of Fudan University in Shanghai, Professor Chen Congzhou, a famous ancient architecture expert, presided over the design and built the "Shi Naian Memorial Hall" on August 21, 1993.

As soon as we entered the gate of the memorial hall, the first thing that caught people's eyes was a white marble sculpture of Shi Naian, which was modeled after the traditional Chinese painting design created by Professor Fan Ceng, director of the Oriental Art Department of Nankai University in Tianjin, and was the masterpiece of Mr. Ye Zonghao, vice president of Nanjing Sculptor and Architects Association. Shi Naian wore a square scarf and a wide robe, with a thin face, deep eyes, a scroll in his left hand and a beard in his right hand, just like a cynical scholar image.

Behind the statue is a viewing hall, with the inscription "Light of the Country" by the female calligrapher Xiao Xian hanging above the gate, and 48 silk comic books introducing Shi Naian's life are displayed on the walls. Li Zonghai, a calligrapher in Zhenjiang, wrote a couplet saying:

Some people have sacrificed themselves to be chivalrous, but they painted them from Lu Da, Wu Song and likui jy;

It is written by Chao Gai, Song Jiang and Wu Yong.

Further back is the exhibition hall, above which hangs the inscription "Wen Xin Yun Alone" by Wu Zhongqi, a master calligrapher. Shi Naian's cultural relics and historical materials are displayed in the hall, which are divided into four parts: Shi Naian's family background, life, writing anecdotes and social influence. There are hundreds of cultural relics and historical materials such as Shi Nagato's Biography, the unearthed epitaph of Shi Naian's only son, Shi Gongrang in Chu Shi, and Shi Tingzuo's epitaph, which have solved the "Shi Naian mystery" that has been unsolved for hundreds of years. Fan Ning, a researcher at the Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences, happily wrote a poem after visiting here:

The white pony people say that the white pony people have been passed down from generation to generation for a reason.

The stars move a few times, leaving only the lonely and angry to bury the lonely grave.

In the exhibition hall, people can also see many different versions of Water Margin. According to incomplete statistics, there are 53 versions of Water Margin in China since the reign of Jiajing. It is also widely circulated abroad. There are translations of Water Margin in Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Italy, France, Russia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania and other countries. The American versions include Water Margin, Selected Works of Water Margin, China Classical Novel Water Margin, Shui Pai Biography Vocabulary and Wild Pig Forest. There are more than 21 versions in Japan. The influence of Shi Naian and his work The Water Margin is very great. In China, there are China Water Margin Society, Zhejiang Water Margin Society, Shandong Liangshan Water Margin Research Society, Yancheng Water Margin Society, Dafeng Shi Naian Research Society and other academic groups specializing in Shi Naian and Water Margin, holding seminars and publishing publications. After the large-scale TV series "Water Margin" was broadcast, the audience was hundreds of millions. As the Japanese sinologist Yan Puwen said, "The Water Margin is an earth-shattering essay, the crown of China's novels, and an excellent classical novel in the world literary world". Dr. Lu Qingbin from the University of London has traveled across oceans, not far from Wan Li to visit Shi Naian in Dafeng Baiju. Shi Naian is not only a literary master in China, but also a celebrity in the world literary world. The Water Margin is not only a treasure of Chinese literature and art, but also the essence of world literature.

More than ten miles west of Shi Naian Memorial Hall (now in Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Township, xinghua city) is the Shi Naian Cemetery. A brick three-door archway stands in front of the tomb, with a stone carving of "Naian Gongfang" hanging on the middle beam. The tomb is among pines and cypresses, and the stone tablet of "Rebuilding Shi Naian's Tomb" written by Zhao Puchu stands in front of the tomb. There is also a green island nearby, and a small river flows around the island. People look down from a height, but it looks like a lion's (shizi's) plate of hydrangea, so it is commonly known as "a land of feng shui". Zhang Huiren, an associate researcher at the Institute of Literature, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, has a poetic praise:

On the other side of the bank, the white pony is misty, and the ball lion is bathed in the morning sun.

Nai 'an lies calmly under the spring, and comments are judged by people.