2. English
English, belonging to the West Germanic branch of the Germanic family of Indo-European languages, evolved from the languages spoken by Germanic people of Anglo-Saxon and Jute tribes who immigrated to the British Isles from Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands and surrounding areas, and spread to all parts of the world through active British colonization. Due to the contact with many national languages in history, its vocabulary has changed from monism to pluralism, its grammar has changed from "more inflections" to "less inflections", and its pronunciation has changed regularly. According to the number of native English speakers, English is the official language of the most used countries, the most widely used second language in the world, and the official language of the European Union, the largest number of international organizations and Commonwealth countries. The number of native English speakers ranks third in the world, after China and Spain. 19 From the 20th century, Britain and the United States were the world leaders in culture, economy, military affairs, politics and science, which made English an international language. Nowadays, English is used as a medium of communication in many international situations. English is also the language most closely related to computers. Most programming languages are related to English. With the use of the Internet, English is more widely used. English is one of the working languages of the United Nations.
3. Introduction to grammar
1) possessive: Who is he? Fred's? Best friend. (+s)([ Note] If the ending is s,+').
2) The third person singular of the verb: Alfredo works. (+s) ([Note] Consonant +y ends, Y changes to I plus es).
3) Verb past tense: Fred? It worked. (+ed), but there are also irregular changes.
4) Present participle/present continuous tense: Who is Fred? Work. (+ing) ([Note] If the last syllable of a verb is a closed syllable at the end of a consonant, then the last consonant must be connected, such as running).
5) past participle: Fred has? Talked about it? Give it to the police. (+ed), but there are also irregular changes.
6) Gerund: Work? Good for the soul. (+ing).
7) noun plural: Fred has two blue? Eyes. (+s) ([Note] If the suffix of a noun is s, sh, x, ch, you need to add +es, such as disks).
8) Adjective comparison: Who is Fred? Smarter? Thanks to Rick. (+er) Add +er at the end of adjectives and more before polysyllables, such as "more difficult".
9) superlative adjective: Fred has? The fastest? Add +est to the rear of the car. (+est) adjectives, and add most before polysyllabic words, such as "worst".
The basic word order of English is SVO, and it is basically impossible to change the word order at will, except in a few poems; On the other hand, sometimes English uses the word order of OSV. (note: s: subject [subject]; V: verb phrase [predicate]; O: object [object])。
It is helpful to determine the syntactic function and morphological characteristics of part of speech