Su Shi and Huizhou West Lake
Almost every Huizhou native can say a few words about "Dongpo Gong" in Huizhou.
To talk about Su Shi's influence on Huizhou West Lake, Mr. Liang Dahe, the former chairman of Huizhou Municipal Committee of China Association for Promoting Democracy, is the most studied.
Mr. Liang summed up Su Shi's five major influences on the West Lake in Huizhou:
Su Shi likes to visit the West Lake.
Dongpo was dumped by the deep, winding and beautiful West Lake shortly after he arrived in Hui. He often visited not only during the day, but also at night, even all night.
He said, "You can climb Hejiang Tower from the night you taste it, or you can visit Fenghu Lake (the West Lake in Huizhou here) with your guests, enter the Qi Temple, knock on Luofu Daoyuan, climb the Xiaoyao Hall, and return home when you catch the dawn." Even after being demoted to Hainan, he still remembers the West Lake. He once said, "Go to the old age, and enjoy a leisurely trip with Ziye.
the sun is dying, and the west hill knocks on the Luofu Daoyuan, and it's already two drums.
I stayed in Xitang. "
Su Shi's earliest title is West Lake in Huizhou.
Dongpo wrote Five Poems of Jiang Yue in September of the second year of Shaosheng (1195).
The poem not only describes the beautiful scenery of the West Lake under a cool day and a bright moon, but also has the famous sentence "When the moon rises on a hill, the jade pagoda lies in a faint blue".
Therefore, it is said, "This is the beginning of the scenic spot of Huihu Lake."
Su Shi helped build a dike bridge for Huizhou.
In order to solve the traffic between the two sides of the West Lake, Dongpo proposed to build a dike and a bridge between the West Village and the West Mountain.
He took the lead in "helping rhinoceros belt" and mobilized his sister-in-law Shi to donate "thousands of gold money to help".
The project was presided over by the monk Xigu of the Qichan Temple. First, it was built on both sides of the bank, and then a bridge was built on the bank with rock-solid stone salt wood, named Xixinqiao.
In June of the third year of Shaosheng (1196), the dike bridge was completed. Dongpo wrote a poem describing the construction process, and also celebrated with the people: "The elders are happy to gather, and the pots are empty.
If you can't drink it for three days, you'll kill all the chickens in Xicun. " In order to commemorate Dongpo's achievements, later generations named it Su Gongdi, or Su Causeway for short.
That's why "Su Causeway plays with the moon", one of the eight scenic spots in the West Lake.
It can be said that Su Shi's help in building embankment bridges has added a lot of charm to the West Lake.
Su Shi first called Fenghu the West Lake.
In September of the second year of Shaosheng (1195), Dongpo called Fenghu the West Lake for the first time in his poem "A Gift to Tanxiu".
After the Southern Song Dynasty, people gradually called Fenghu the West Lake.
Therefore, Zhang Xuan, a great scholar who edited Dongpo Yuhui Collection earlier in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in Huizhou West Lake Song: "The East of Huizhou West Lake Ridge is also named after Dongpo Gong".
The West Lake is more famous for Su Shi.
According to the records of the west lake of Huizhou, there are more than 411 cultural celebrities in the past dynasties who have a close relationship with Huizhou. Among them, politicians who have been prime ministers include Chen Yaozuo, Liu Zheng and Wen Tianxiang, and famous artists include Li Shangyin, Yang Wanli, Liu Kezhuang, Huang Zunxian and Qiu Fengjia.
But their influence on the West Lake in Huizhou can't be compared with that of Su Dongpo.
Huang Anlan, a scholar who is good at clearing the dry land and returning to goodness, put it well in his book "Su Ji of the West Lake": "The beauty of the landscape of the West Lake is more and more prosperous through the title of Dongpo."
Precious calligraphy and painting return to Dongpo Memorial Hall
The Dongpo Memorial Hall displays the latest three-dimensional model of Huizhou Su Ji, and uses a lot of materials to show Dongpo's activities during his stay in Huizhou and its great influence on later generations.
The two museums have collected more than 111 exhibits related to Su Dongpo.
It is particularly worth mentioning that, through the efforts of Huizhou cultural and art personnel, Su Shi's ink painting "Long Scroll of Mozhu" made in Huizhou in 1195 finally surfaced in the United States after nearly a century of exile overseas.
After many twists and turns, the long scroll of Mozhu, copied by computer according to the original size, finally returned to the birthplace of the painting, and set up a progress cabinet to meet the audience.
Su Dongpo has many artistic achievements.
His paintings lead the fashion in the Northern Song Dynasty and are regarded as the theoretical founder and outstanding practitioner of "literati painting".
According to the historical records of Su Shi's stay in Huizhou, he also painted many ink paintings during his stay in Huizhou, and the ink painting "Mozhu Changjuan" painted by Taoist Deng Shouan in Luofu Mountain is one of them.
Regrettably, all these paintings have been lost, but not one left in Huizhou.
According to Yuan Xuejun, director of Huizhou Museum, not long ago, the staff of Huizhou Museum found a long scroll of Mozhu in foreign English materials, which is very similar to Su Dongpo's works, and they were a treasure.
After several textual researches, it was finally confirmed that this "Mozhu Long Scroll" was Su Shi's work in Huizhou.
They used computers to copy the size of the original painting, which was 2 meters long and 1.6 meters high, and completely reproduced the Long Scroll of Mozhu for the first time in China.
Some of Su Dongpo's works in Huizhou, which were exiled to other places, have also been found in more than 11 pieces, which were exhibited in the museum for the first time after being copied.
In addition to "Mozhu Long Scroll", the original calligraphy poem "Going Back and Coming to Xi Ci", which was scattered in Germany, was also placed in Dongpo Memorial Hall.
"The only person who knows me is Chao Yun"
As Mr. Lin Yutang said in Su Dongpo's Biography, everyone knows that Su Dongpo's life in Huizhou is related to Wang Chaoyun's love.
Yunxia was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang).
Because of her poor family, she became a geisha since childhood, but she has a fresh and elegant temperament.
in the fourth year of Xining, Song Shenzong (1171), Su Shi was demoted as a general judge in Hangzhou.
By chance, Su Shi saw Wang Chaoyun dancing lightly at a banquet, and was moved by the temperament of Chaoyun, so he took her as his concubine and made her a pet.
Su Shi has a famous poem "After Drinking Chu Qing on the Lake, Rain": "The water is bright and sunny, but the mountains are empty? The rain is strange; If you want to compare the West Lake to the West Lake, it's always appropriate to wear it thick and lightly. " This poem clearly describes the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, but in fact it embodies Su Dongpo's feelings when he first met the dynasty cloud.
Su Dongpo lived in Hangzhou for four years, and then moved to Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. He was demoted to Huangzhou as a deputy envoy because of the Wutai Poetry Case. During this period, Chaoyun always stayed with Su Dongpo and lived a wandering life with him, which became the greatest spiritual comfort in his hardships.
Su Dongpo is generous and has no talent. He often talks about political views in his poems, and has been demoted several times for offending the dignitaries of the current dynasty.
Among Su Dongpo's wives and concubines, Chaoyun understands Dongpo's mind best.
Once, Su Dongpo pointed to his belly and asked his concubine, "Do any of you know what I have here?" One replied, "Articles." The other replied, "knowledge." Su Dongpo shook his head frequently.
At this time, he smiled at the cloud and replied, "Your stomach is full of inappropriate." When Su Dongpo heard this, he praised, "The only one who knows me is Chao Yun."
Chao Yun was only in his early thirties when he went to Huizhou with Su Shi, and Su Dongpo was nearly sixty years old at that time.
Seeing that the master had no hope of making a comeback, all the attendants and concubines around Su Shi left one after another. Only Chaoyun was consistent and followed Su Dongpo for a long journey over the mountains and mountains to Huizhou.
Su Shi was very moved. Soon after he arrived in Huizhou, he wrote a poem for Chaoyun: "It's not like Yang Zhi leaving Lotte, just like Tong De accompanying Ling Yuan; The Anuluo show is different from the old, and there is no female Vimo who always solves Zen.
The new work of winding medicine furnace, the old marriage of dancing shirt and singing board; Dan Cheng will drive me away from the three mountains instead of being a fairy in Wushan. " There is also a preface to this poem: "I have several concubines in my family. I resigned one after another in four or five years, and I moved to the south alone because I read Lotte poems." When Bai Juyi was old and frail, Fan Su, the beautiful concubine who was deeply favored by Bai Juyi, slipped away, and Bai Juyi wrote a poem "Spring returns with Fan Zi for a while".
Chao Yun and Fan Su are both maiko girls, but they have different temperaments.
Chao Yun's faithfulness makes the elderly Su Shi feel comforted.
what I didn't expect was that nature played tricks on people.
Such an understanding young woman didn't accompany the old Su Shi through his life, on the contrary, she left the world before Su Shi.
On July 5th, the second year of Shao Sheng, Chaoyun suddenly contracted a plague and died.
Chaoyun is a devout Buddhist. Before she died, she held Su Dongpo's hand and read the prophecy in the Diamond Sutra: "Everything has its way, such as dreams, illusions, bubbles, shadows, dew, and electricity, so we should look at it this way." It means: "Everything in the world is destined. Life is like a dream, an illusion, a bubble, a shadow, dew, and lightning, and it disappears forever in a blink of an eye, so there is no need to care too much." This remark is not only Chao Yun's thorough understanding of Zen Buddhism, but also implies her endless concern for Dongpo when she died.
On August 3rd, according to Chaoyun's wish, Su Dongpo buried her in the pine forest under the Great Sage Pagoda of Qi Zen Temple at the southern foot of Gushan Mountain in Huizhou West Lake.
Chaoyun's resting place is a secluded place. At dusk, you can hear the pines and the bells of Zen Temple.
Monks from nearby monasteries raised money to build a pavilion on the tomb, that is, "Liuru Pavilion" to commemorate Chaoyun.
A pair of couplets written by Su Dongpo himself is engraved on the pavilion column: "Out of place, only Chaoyun can know me; Playing the old tune alone, I miss you every time it rains. " This pavilion couplet not only reflects Su Dongpo's sigh over his bumpy life, but also contains his infinite affection for a confidante.
this couplet has been damaged in a long time.
The existing Chaoyun Tomb and Liuru Pavilion were rebuilt when Yi Bingshou was the magistrate of Huizhou in the Qing Dynasty, and the stone couplets on the pavilion columns were written by Chen Wei: "When you came from the South China Sea, you flew catkins after rolling medicine stoves; After going to Dongpo, the night light fairy tower, a pavilion lake and a cold plum blossom. " The image of couplets truly summarizes the life of Dongpo and Chaoyun in those years, and also reflects the cold and sad feeling brought to future generations by Chaoyun's tomb for thousands of years.
Liuru Pavilion built in memory of Wang Chaoyun, the concubine of Su Shi.
A pair of couplets written by Su Dongpo himself is engraved on the pavilion column: "Out of place, only Chaoyun can know me; Playing the old tune alone, I miss you every time it rains. "
from://shmjw//zixun/Shuhuaqutan/2116-7/27/ 2116 _ 17 _ 27 _ 1641111475192691 _ 1672718242118211 _ 24468 _ 7.
The date when Su Dongpo was demoted to Huizhou
Date of publication: 2114-11-25 15:43 Page views: 1612 Publisher:
Su Shi, a great cultural master in the Northern Song Dynasty, was demoted to Huizhou during the reign of Zongshaosheng in Song Zhe.
Although his official career has entered a desperate situation, even his livelihood has become a problem, at this time, Su Shi, with his optimistic spirit as always, is still attached to the mountains and rivers of Huizhou, lingering in the breeze and bright moon of Goose City, enjoying the fruits of the four seasons in Lingnan and enjoying the sweetness and bitterness of life.
During his four years in Huizhou, Su Shi wrote 161 poems and dozens of essays.
His poems sing about Huizhou's scenery, making Huizhou famous all over the world.
He spread civilization and promoted education in Huizhou, so that hundreds of scholars and writers gathered in Huizhou, set up academies and promoted the imperial examination, which made Huizhou talented people come forth in large numbers.
As Jiang Fengchen, a famous poet in the Qing Dynasty, said, "If you go to the South China Sea from Pogong, the world will not dare to visit Huizhou." It is also called "it is difficult to break the ferry, and civilization is spread."
Su Shi, as a pure scholar with no power and no influence, had such a great and far-reaching influence on a city during his demotion, which is rare in the history of China.
Su Shi, as a pure scholar with no power or influence, had a great and far-reaching influence on a city.
Su Shi, a great cultural master in the Northern Song Dynasty, was demoted to Huizhou during the reign of Zongshaosheng in Song Zhe.
Although his official career has entered a desperate situation, even his livelihood has become a problem, at this time, Su Shi, with his optimistic spirit as always, is still attached to the mountains and rivers of Huizhou, lingering in the breeze and bright moon of Goose City, enjoying the fruits of the four seasons in Lingnan and enjoying the sweetness and bitterness of life.
During his four years in Huizhou, Su Shi wrote 161 poems and dozens of essays.
His poems sing about Huizhou's scenery, making Huizhou famous all over the world.
He spread civilization and promoted education in Huizhou, so that hundreds of scholars and writers gathered in Huizhou, set up academies and promoted the imperial examination, which made Huizhou talented people come forth in large numbers.
As Jiang Fengchen, a famous poet in the Qing Dynasty, said, "If you go to the South China Sea from Pogong, the world will not dare to visit Huizhou." It is also called "it is difficult to break the ferry, and civilization is spread."
Su Shi, as a pure scholar with no power and no influence, had such a great and far-reaching influence on a city during his demotion, which is rare in the history of China.
Su Shi's demotion and Cheng Zhengfu
In September of the eighth year of Yuan You (AD 1193), at the age of 18, Song Zhezong took charge of the government and began to re-implement the new law advocated by his father, Song Fu Shenzong.
The center of power was transferred to the new legalists, who severely persecuted the old legalists.
In April of Shao Shengyuan year (1194), Zhang Dun, Cai Jing and others demoted Su Shi, who was 59 years old, to the governor of Yingzhou (now Yingde County, Guangdong Province) under the pretext of "scorning the previous dynasty".
in June, while still on his way to Yingzhou, Su Shi was demoted for the second time, and was placed in Huizhou as the deputy envoy of Ningyuan Army.
On October 2nd of the same year, Su Shi arrived in Huizhou with his concubine Wang Chaoyun and his third son Su Guo after a long journey of half a year, until he left on April 19th in the fourth year of Shaosheng (1197). * * * spent four years in Huizhou, with more than 941 days and nights.
why did you demote Su Shi to Huizhou? This should first talk about Su Shi's cousin Cheng Zhengfu.
Cheng Zhengfu is Su Shi's cousin and brother-in-law.
Su Shi's elder sister, Ba Niang, has read a lot of poetry books since childhood, and she is good at poetry and writing.
at the age of 16, I married my cousin Cheng Zhengfu.
But after Ba Niang married the Cheng family, her in-laws never liked her and often abused her.
The second time, Ba Niang gave birth to a son and became seriously ill, but the Cheng family did not treat her.
Her parents had to take her back to her family for treatment.
As soon as her condition improved, her in-laws started to criticize Ba Niang for not being filial to her daughter-in-law and stealing her baby. As a result, Ba Niang was heartbroken, relapsed and died with hatred.
Su Shi's father renounced the Cheng family, and the two families became enemies from then on.
In the year of Shao Shengyuan, Cheng Zhengfu was working on the criminal law of Guangnan East Road (in charge of the justice, prison and supervision of his respective states), and the authorities hoped to get rid of Su Shi, his political enemy.
When he first came to Huizhou, Su Shi was really worried about Cheng Zhengfu waiting for revenge.
However, I think that the two families have not heard from each other for 42 years, and it seems that it is time to end this matter.
He asked a fellow countryman to send a letter to Cheng Zhengfu, expressing his intention of reconciliation.
The letter also said: Recently, I got a good recipe for brewing wine, and the brewed wine is color.