2. Achievements and shortcomings. This is the center of summary. The purpose of summing up is to affirm the achievements and find out the shortcomings. What are the achievements, how big, how to use them and how to achieve them; How many shortcomings there are, what aspects they show, what nature they are, and how they come from, we must make it clear.
3. Lessons learned. Once you do something, there will always be experience and lessons. In order to facilitate the future work, it is necessary to analyze, study, summarize and concentrate the experience and lessons of the previous work, and rise to the theoretical level to understand.
4. Future plans. According to the future tasks and requirements, draw lessons from the previous year's work, clarify the direction of efforts, and put forward improvement measures.
Step 2 classify
Year-end summary is generally divided into: unit summary, personal summary, comprehensive summary, special summary and so on.
Different types of summaries can be divided from the perspectives of nature, time and form, and there are two main types in content: comprehensive summary and special summary. Comprehensive summary, also known as comprehensive summary, is a comprehensive review and inspection of all the work in a certain period, and then summarizes the experience and lessons. Thematic summary is a special summary of a job or a problem, especially a summary of successful experiences. Summary also has various nicknames, such as self-examination, evaluation and report, review and summary.
3. Significance
Year-end summary is a written style that summarizes, analyzes and studies all the work in a year, affirms achievements, finds problems, draws lessons and explores the development law of things, and is used to guide the next stage of work. The central problem it wants to solve and answer is not what to do, how to do it and to what extent, but the overall appraisal and conclusion of the implementation results of a certain work, which is a rational understanding of previous work practice.
Summary is an important link to do all the work well. Through it, we can understand the past work comprehensively and systematically, and we can correctly understand the advantages and disadvantages of the past work; You can make clear the direction of the next work, make fewer detours, make fewer mistakes and improve work efficiency.
Summary is still an important means to understand the world and the only way to rise from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. By summing up, the sporadic, superficial and superficial perceptual knowledge is upgraded to a comprehensive, systematic and essential rational knowledge, and the laws of the development of work and things are found out, so as to master and apply these laws. Comrade Mao Zedong once pointed out that the responsibility of a leader is to constantly point out the direction of struggle and stipulate the tasks of struggle. Moreover, they must sum up specific experiences and spread them to the masses, so that the correct ones can be popularized and the wrong ones will not be repeated.
4. Writing methods
"Six o'clock" year-end summary
First, we should fully understand the essence of summary. Summary is the best teacher. Without summarization, there will be no progress. Summary is a mirror. By summing up, we can objectively judge our achievements and lessons, strengths and weaknesses, difficulties and opportunities, clarify our thinking, define our goals, and formulate measures to provide reference and guarantee for the next work. Therefore, summing up is not only for leaders, but also for all-round analysis of yourself, so that you can know yourself better, give play to your advantages, make up for your shortcomings and strive for perfection. So we must realize the significance of summing up. Of course, leaders at all levels should also pay attention to the importance of summing up, so that subordinates can speak freely and gush, and the speaker is innocent, seeking truth from facts and summing up objectively and seriously.
2. Review the work, summarize the completion of the work, and comprehensively summarize the achievements: how many plans have been completed, the completion of sales indicators (sales volume, sales volume, payment and profit), whether the tasks have increased compared with the same period, whether the product structure has been optimized, whether the channel construction and customer relationship have been strengthened, whether the quality of dealers has been improved, whether the satisfaction and loyalty of dealers and consumers to the brand have been improved, whether competitors have declined, and whether teamwork has been carried out.
Third, analyze the reasons for the achievements. No one will succeed casually, and every success is accompanied by hard work. It is the premise and foundation to realize the continuous improvement of work performance to carefully analyze the reasons for the achievements, sum up the experience and pass it on. Of course, the achievements should be comprehensively summarized, and the reasons should be carefully and objectively analyzed:
1. Analysis of objective factors of achievement: snobbery in the macro environment of the industry, opportunities brought by competitors' mistakes, the degree of resource support given by the company, the guidance of team leaders in specific aspects, and the help of colleagues.
2. Subjective factor analysis of grades: my understanding and decomposition of annual objectives and tasks, forward-looking understanding of the market, awareness of challenging difficulties, improvement of self-learning quality, ability to solve problems, and ability to cope with market changes.
Fourth, analyze the mistakes and problems that lead to the failure to achieve the work objectives. People are self-aware, and the annual summary is not a summary of the situation. We must seriously and objectively analyze the mistakes and existing problems in our work. By analyzing the problems, find out the reasons and lack of understanding, and constantly improve and improve the quality of work. To reflect on why you haven't made progress.
Generally speaking, the following mistakes and problems often exist in the work:
1, insufficient subjective understanding and insufficient ideological attention.
2. Without lofty ideals and goals, you can't be strict with yourself, and you are too laissez-faire to your subordinates and yourself.
This plan is unreasonable and divorced from objective reality.
4. The plan decomposition is not in place, and the implementation and process monitoring are not in place.
5. The tracking analysis of competitors is not thorough, and the market response speed is lagging behind.
6. The product structure, price strategy, promotion mix, channel construction and brand communication plan are unreasonable, and the implementation is not in place.
7. The team management ability is poor, and the quality of individual members is poor, which can't meet the job requirements.
8. Strong pressure from competitors makes it impossible to highlight its own advantages.
Analysis and prospect of verb (abbreviation of verb). To sum up, we should not only review the past, but also look forward to the future. We should objectively and deeply analyze the current situation, present situation and future development;
1. Analysis of external macro and micro environment: industry status and development, competitor status and trend forecast, regional market status and development, channel organization and relationship status, overall evaluation of consumer satisfaction and loyalty.
2. Internal environment analysis. The correctness and clarity of enterprise strategy, and the matching degree of enterprises in products, prices, promotions, brands and other resources.
3. Analysis of its present situation. Advantages and gaps in their own goals and positioning, work ideas and concepts, personal qualities, etc.
Through the objective analysis of the present situation and the future, we can be more aware of the difficulties and opportunities we face. So as to have a clear understanding and profound analysis of difficulties, find solutions to difficulties, have a strong insight into opportunities, and make preparations for seizing opportunities as soon as possible.
Work plan and arrangement of intransitive verbs for the next year. Summarizing last year's work is of course the focus of annual summary, but better planning and arrangement of next year's work is the purpose of summary, so next year's work planning and arrangement are equally important.
1, and clarify the main purpose of the work. Strategy determines fate, ideas determine the way out, and good performance must be supported by clear and correct ideas. Otherwise, people will become headless flies, deviate from the direction and track, and will go further and further.
2. Specific objectives of the new year's work: sales target, payment target, profit target, channel construction target, regional market development target, team building target, learning and training target.
3. Specific methods to complete the plan: improvement of the overall quality and cooperation ability of the team, resource demand and safeguard measures, decomposition of objectives and tasks, development and management of channels, adjustment and optimization of product structure, standardized management of market order, management and strengthening of customer relationship, innovation of brand strategy and efficient communication.
Classified writing
(1) writing method of comprehensive year-end summary. The title should indicate: unit name, summary time limit and summary category; The main body of the summary should clearly describe the activities carried out, what achievements, problems, experiences, future plans or suggestions; Finally, leave the name of the summary person at the end of the article and summarize the time.
(2) The writing method of special year-end summary. A special year-end summary is a summary of a specific activity, and it is not necessary to be as detailed as a comprehensive summary. But it is generally divided into three parts: the first part is the title; The second part mainly consists of five aspects, such as: activity purpose, activity time, basic situation, achievement problems, experience and experience.
5. Writing skills
Space should be long enough.
Okay, here we go! Nice layout! Good ending!
After working hard for a year, the key is to look at the weight of this "summary". If there is a word limit, you can write according to the "capital value". If there is no word limit, it will be a bit troublesome. Pay attention to inquire about the length of other units at the same level, so as to have a reference to "play without virtual hair." Otherwise, I will write for a long time, writing 15 pages. I don't know that people have written 20 pages, and the momentum is still short. Isn't this a waste of effort?
To achieve long space, in addition to hard practice and hard writing, there is also a shortcut-the words are big and sparse. In other words, position the font size above "No.3" and widen the line spacing as much as possible, but not too big, otherwise it will give people a feeling of "water injection".
Rhetoric is indispensable.
For example, the beginning must be "Time flies, 20xx years have passed quickly, and when I look back on the past year, I can't help feeling a lot …" The end must be "A new year means a new starting point, new opportunities and new challenges", "Make persistent efforts to a higher level" or "Strive to open up a new situation in work".
From time to time, there should be affirmative words such as "achieved good results", "praised and welcomed by leading workers", "reached a new height" and "reached a new level" ...
The so-called "summary" should sum up both advantages and disadvantages, otherwise it will give people a flashy feeling, but it can only be an understatement. The appropriate ratio of good grades is 10: 1, otherwise, can you still have a job if you criticize yourself for nothing?
The data should be intuitive.
Today is the digital age, so the more data, the better, such as "business growth rate", "customer complaint reduction rate", "how many visitors received", "how many expenses saved", "how many times to work overtime voluntarily", "how many times to answer the phone every day", "how many days to travel abroad on average every year" and "how many pages of materials have been written".
But remember that "numbers are boring", and make the data into various intuitive charts such as broken line statistics, fan statistics, bar statistics and comparison tables. This has three advantages: first, the results are clear at a glance, and I believe I am very proud of myself when I look at the towering columns and roaring curves; Second, the contrast is strong. When making a map, you can draw some historical data, average data and industry data that are beneficial to you. Red flowers need the help of green leaves! Third, on paper, a chart is equivalent to at least 1000 words. Why worry about too few words?
Use serial number
The biggest advantage of serial number is that a sentence can be divided into several words, and several words or half a sentence can be used as a sentence, which leaves a lot of blanks on the paper, lengthens the length and is very organized in summary. It should be noted that it must be sorted at different levels, strictly in accordance with the affiliation, and don't leave the impression that the leaders are unclear.
6. At the beginning of the article
A good summary should have a good beginning besides substantial content, prominent focus, accurate language and clear organization. A good beginning can play a leading role, arouse readers' strong interest in reading and make them want to stop. On the other hand, if the beginning is not well written, it will ruin the appetite of readers and make them feel bored and unhappy. Therefore, mastering the writing method at the beginning is very important for writing a summary.
The writing at the beginning of the summary is varied and varied, and there is no fixed pattern. But there are still some general rules, that is, according to the types of abstracts and the main ideas to be expressed, how to use pen modeling to achieve the accuracy, distinctiveness and vividness of the beginning. Here are just a few common opening methods.
(A) the beginning of the abstract type
At the beginning of the summary, this is a common way to write a comprehensive work summary. At the beginning, it is generally necessary to outline the basic situation, explain the background, time, place, process and relevant information of the work to be summarized clearly, and sometimes put forward the main achievements, experiences and problems to give readers a general impression first. For example, Comrade Deng Xiaoping's article "People's Republic of China (PRC) Established in Southwest China" begins like this: 1 94910/0/0/founding ceremony, the troops of the first, second and fourth field armies of the People's Liberation Army were ordered to March to the southwest, which attacked the last nest of American and Chiang Kai-shek bandits in the mainland and liberated the southwest. It took only 57 days from the beginning of the fighting in 165438+ 10 to February 27th 12, which basically ended the fighting. During this period, the People's Liberation Army advanced 1000 km and wiped out 900,000 enemy troops. Since then, we have done much more difficult work than marching, and our efforts for 9 months (7 months in Yunnan) have been fruitful.
This is less than 200 words at the beginning, but it summarizes quite rich contents, and makes the work background, working hours and basic situation clear and specific, which not only highlights the military achievements, but also takes into account other aspects of work. The whole opening part is written concisely and intensively, with distinct and prominent levels, and the language is solemn and simple, without exaggeration. I left a deep impression after reading it.
(B) the beginning of the argument
The beginning of demonstration, which is another starting method of comprehensive work summary. Don't write the basic situation at the beginning, but directly put forward the spirit of instructions or related principles and policies of superiors, and then demonstrate the correctness of such instructions, principles and policies through examples. For example, Comrade Mao Zedong's three-month summary began like this:
The Central Committee's instructions on the current situation say: "We can defeat Chiang Kai-shek. The whole party should have full confidence in this. " The battle of 7893 months also proved that this judgment is correct. The practice of the three-month liberation war proved the correctness of the central instructions. At first, the form was novel and unique, with few words, but it had the momentum of a balcony.
(3) the beginning of the conclusion
Conclusion The beginning of the formula is to draw a conclusion first and then describe the general situation. This startup mode is the most common, and it is mostly used for comprehensive work summary. It is written at the beginning, with a highly generalized brushwork, to explain under what circumstances this work was carried out, and to make a clear conclusion about the results of this work, and then, with a turning sentence, naturally leads to the following. For example, the summary of the financial work of each unit begins like this: adhere to the policy of building the country and running enterprises diligently, adhere to serving production and the masses, strictly implement national rules and regulations, implement economic accounting, strengthen financial management, promote production development, and give full play to the role of financial work. Our work experience mainly includes the following aspects:
At the beginning, the background, reasons and basis are written, and the meeting is pointed out. What is the result (that is, the conclusion)-"It has promoted the development of production and played a role in financial work." Although there are not many words, it directly presents the contents of the summary to the readers, so that people can get the main idea of the full text at a glance. A turning sentence was used at the beginning of the summary, which naturally led to the following detailed description. This kind of opening is clear, general and natural, which is convenient for readers to understand the content of the abstract.
(D) Question type at the beginning
At the beginning of questioning, according to the needs of the theme, ask questions first, and then cause the following; This way of opening is mostly used for summing up the experience of special topics. For example, Comrade Zhu De's article Lessons from the Eighth Route Army's Two-year War of Resistance begins like this: What lessons have we learned since the Eighth Route Army's two-year war of resistance?
Such a beginning is to directly point out the key points of the summary in the form of concise words and questions. This kind of writing method is novel and vivid, which can attract people's attention, inspire and attract people to some extent, save pen and ink and achieve good results.
(5) the beginning of comparative form
Compared with the beginning, it tells the situation at the beginning: backward and forward; Make a general explanation and comparison between mistake and right, and explain what is right and wrong in the comparison; This start-up method is mostly used for summarizing special experiences. For example, the People's Government of Zhaozhou County, Heilongjiang Province wrote "Henglian Rich Golden Bridge"-the beginning of the article: Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, industrial and agricultural production in our county has made great progress and initially changed its backward appearance. The total industrial and agricultural output value of 1985 can reach 240,000 yuan, which is twice that of 1980. The fiscal balance was achieved, with a slight surplus, an increase of 45% compared with 1984. 19%, an increase of 3 1.7 times compared with 1980. 1985, the number of county-run industrial loss-making enterprises decreased from 1980 to 4, and all industrial enterprises in the national budget eliminated losses. It ended the history of industrial losses in our county for four consecutive years. Zhaozhou county has no railways, rivers and forests, and is short of natural resources and weak industrial base, so its financial and economic situation can be obviously improved in a short time. What does it depend on? The development of industry is joint cooperation. It has brought vigor and vitality to the economy of our county.
The focus of this beginning is economic development and change. Through the comparison of several typical data in the first two stages, it is strongly explained that the key for county-run factories and enterprises to increase production and income and turn losses into profits is to carry out economic system reform, implement joint and cooperative industrial development and improve management level. This comparison is informative and convincing, and can leave a clear and deep impression on readers.
(6) Instant opening
Prompt opening, which is a common way to open the theme experience summary. At the beginning of the work, the main content of the work is introduced in a suggestive way, with the aim of introducing the narrative of the experience gained. For example, the article "Deepening Ideal Education and Improving the Quality of Workers" begins like this: In recent years, we have carried out ideal education extensively and deeply around enterprise reform and production construction. Our main methods are:
For another example, the article "Promoting democratic management of teams and groups in the spirit of reform" begins by saying: Under the new situation of reform, how to further strengthen team building is an important topic before us. Here are some of our practices: For another example, the article "How do we make good use of the power of appointment and removal of cadres" begins like this: In the past two years, in accordance with the requirements of the "four modernizations" of the central government, we have mainly done the following work in the reform of the cadre management system:
As can be seen from the above three examples, the advantages of this prompt opening are concise, clear and eye-catching. In short, there are various forms at the beginning of the abstract, but in any case, the key to writing the first part is to state the main idea of the full text externally, give people a general impression, attract readers' attention and inspire people.
7. Writing taboos
"year-end summary" must not be divorced from reality, sing high-profile, choose good words and evaluate objectively. Generally speaking, this "year-end summary" must put an end to the "three taboos".
One should avoid boasting and exaggerating.
What work has been done, the higher authorities know, and the people know, so they should report it truthfully. Well done, the team has a steelyard in mind, so they can weigh the weight naturally. To do well, we should sum up our experience, gains and losses. In short, "if you have it, you will change it, and if you don't, you will be encouraged." Never exaggerate your achievements and deceive your superiors and subordinates.
Second, avoid the heavy.
Some departments and units are often "overjoyed" at the end of the year, exaggerating their achievements, saying that small things are big things, sesame seeds are watermelons, paying attention to contributions, doing practical work, and saying a lot of good things. However, when summing up mistakes and shortcomings, they are always understated, and a few words will pass. Some even "roll with the punches and minimize the major events", and one-sidedly emphasize objectivity over subjectivity. Therefore, the "year-end summary" should talk more about the shortcomings and practical problems in the work.
Three taboos are long and masterpiece.
Some departments and units in the "year-end summary" think that the summary is well written, which means that the work has been done much and well, and it is "level", otherwise it is just the opposite. So the "year-end summary" of some units is full of nonsense, big talk, nonsense and "the bull's head is not right for the horse's mouth", which makes people feel flashy. At the same time, the content is empty, and the patchwork summary is also a serious waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources, which encourages the breeding of unhealthy trends.
Therefore, the "year-end summary" should seek truth from facts, talk less empty words and effectively change the work style.
8. Function
First, it is an important foundation for promoting the work.
Any work, whether carried out by individuals or groups, requires repeated operations and efforts to complete. Every specific practice has achievements, mistakes, experiences and lessons. If we sum it up in time, we will learn lessons in time and improve our understanding and work skills. Constantly practice and summarize, then people's understanding of objective things will be deeper and deeper, their knowledge will be wider and wider, and their wisdom will be higher and higher. Only by summing up can their cause continue to develop and advance.
The second is an important means to discover work rules.
Any kind of thing and work have internal relations and external constraints, and all have their own laws of development and movement. If we follow these objective laws, we can successfully achieve the expected goal, otherwise we will be punished for violating the laws and lead to failure. The methods of finding and discovering objective laws need to be summarized.
Third, it is an important way to cultivate and improve working ability.
A person's working ability refers to his ability to undertake a certain job, perform a certain business or task. There are two specific aspects, one is his professional knowledge level, and the other is his ability to solve and deal with practical work. In practice, the two are often mixed and complement each other. The ability to apply what you have learned is mainly cultivated through practice, and it is by no means innate. Therefore, summary is an important means to improve ability.
Fourth, it is a good channel to unite the masses for leadership support.
After a job or a task is completed, we must make a summary. In the summary, we should comprehensively and deeply review the inspection, find out the achievements and shortcomings, successes and failures, experiences and lessons, and make a correct evaluation in a realistic way so that everyone can understand the unity. Such a summary can convince and unite the masses to the greatest extent. At the same time, reporting the achievements, experiences, problems and future efforts to the leading departments can attract the attention of the leaders and win their support and guidance.