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Table manners and gifts in Korea, Japan, China, France and Russia.
15 Russian social taboo cases

Russians have many taboos formed by traditional habits in the process of communication, so we should pay special attention to them.

1, when shaking hands, avoid forming a cross, that is, when others hold hands, they can't reach up and down, let alone shake hands through the door on the threshold.

2. There is a traditional Russian proverb that "the left is the evil master and the right is the blessing master". Therefore, whether shaking hands or returning items, it is forbidden to extend your left hand to the other party.

3. When you meet an old man, a woman or a superior, don't take the initiative to reach out and wait for the other person. Keep smiling. If your face is cold and expressionless, the other person will think it is a sign of indifference.

Never use the word "wife" when addressing women, it will cause the other person's unhappiness. Have a professional title, or introduce yourself to each other and act according to circumstances.

Don't point with your finger, no matter on any occasion, Russians think it is a great insult to people. In front of people, you can't make a fist with your hand, and your thumb extends between your forefinger and middle finger. In Russian, this gesture is called "Gukish", which is a rude behavior of contempt and ridicule. The gesture commonly used by Americans-the thumb and forefinger touch into an "O" shape, and the other three fingers are straight (OK), which is indecent in Russia.

6. Don't bump into each other with your shoulders when communicating. This kind of behavior usually only happens between close friends, otherwise, physical collision is extremely rude.

7. Avoid using the word "you should" in the conversation. Russians always respect personal opinions and resent others giving orders to themselves.

8. You can't say things like "You've gained weight". When friends meet after a long separation and exchange greetings, never talk about being fat or thin. Russians think this is describing it as bloated and ugly.

9. Say hello and avoid asking "Where are you going?" This is not a polite greeting. For Russians, this is asking about other people's privacy.

10. Don't give a cigarette, give the whole box. When lighting a cigarette, it is forbidden to strike a match or light three people at the same time with a lighter. You can't smoke other people's cigarettes.

1 1. In social situations, when men and women want to leave, men should put on their coats and open the door for women, so that women can go first, not by themselves.

12. Knives and handkerchiefs are not allowed as gifts. In Russia, knives mean that friendship is broken or there will be fights and disputes between them; Handkerchiefs symbolize parting.

13. If you are thirsty, don't advise or drink on purpose. Russians are greedy, drunkards are despised, and deliberately leading others to get drunk is even more disgusting.

14. Don't say goodbye on or under the bridge. Such a farewell means leaving forever.

15. Don't kick dogs or other animals with your feet. When you meet a blocking dog when you go out, talk and drive it away. Russian dogs can understand instructions, but kicking is taboo. Japan

Japanese people usually bow when they meet. Generally, people bow to each other at 30 degrees and 45 degrees, and the depth of bowing and bending is different, indicating different meanings. The lowest and most polite bow is called "the most salute". When a man bows, his hands naturally hang down on both sides of his clothes and trousers; When showing respect for each other, people usually put their left hand on their right hand and bow in front of it, especially women.

In international communication, Japanese people are also used to shaking hands, especially young people or people who have more contact with Europeans and Americans have begun to have the habit of shaking hands when they meet.

In Japan, business cards are widely used, especially for businessmen, who have the habit of exchanging business cards when they meet for the first time. It is considered polite to exchange business cards with the junior or younger party first. When submitting a business card, point to the other party. Business cards are written as "name thorns" in Japanese, and most of the business cards used by women are smaller than those used by men.

AA Japanese is called "cut test". Generally speaking, friends go to restaurants and bars together, and if they don't say who will treat them in advance, they all pay by AA. "Reducing the investigation" means sharing one's own expenses according to the head count. The AA system originated in Europe and America. Its advantages are that it pays for itself, pays for itself, feels at ease, and does not owe others a debt of gratitude for inviting them to dinner, not just restaurants.

Japanese people prefer to give gifts! When giving gifts, the Japanese often take this approach: giving gifts that are useless to the host, because the recipient can give them to others, and that person can also give them to a third party.

Japanese people are very disgusted with things decorated with foxes and badgers, because cunning foxes are a symbol of greed.

When visiting Japanese families, you can only bring 15 chrysanthemums, because only the royal hat badge has 16 chrysanthemums.

Pick up and put down the gift with both hands, don't open it to your face. When accepting a gift, those who see it again will definitely mention it and express their gratitude.

Don't give a comb as a gift, because the pronunciation of a comb is close to death.

Most people don't send chrysanthemums, because chrysanthemums are generally used by the royal family. In Japanese, "Japan" means "the country of sunrise". In Japan, a country with a total area of 377,748 square kilometers, there is a population of 1.239 1 billion, of which the Yamato nationality accounts for about 99%, and the rest are Ainu, Korean and China. The common language is Japanese.

Fashion etiquette

Japanese people attach great importance to their clothes, whether on formal or informal occasions. On formal occasions, men and most young women wear suits. Men usually wear ties when they wear suits. Kimono is a traditional Japanese costume, which is characterized by sewing a piece of cloth. Nowadays, except for some special professionals, men rarely wear kimonos in public. Japanese women like to stroke their eyebrows, and generally like to draw thin eyebrows that are slightly curved. They think this is the most modern femininity.

Etiquette and manners

Japanese people often smile all over their faces, but not only when they are happy, but also when they are embarrassed and angry, so as to hide their true feelings. When a woman sits on the floor, she always sits with her legs curled up. Different gestures have different meanings: the thumb and forefinger form a circle, and the other three fingers extend upward to indicate money; Hold out your little finger to indicate a woman, etc.

Meeting etiquette

Japanese names generally consist of four words. The first two words are surnames, and the last two words are your own names. Generally speaking, Japanese people don't like to introduce themselves. As an introducer, you usually need to tell the relationship between the introduced person and yourself, as well as his title and the name of his unit.

dining etiquette

Japanese people have been eating rice as their staple food since ancient times and like to eat fish. Generally do not eat fat meat and pig offal, and some people do not eat mutton and duck. No matter at home or in a restaurant, the seats are graded and generally can be arranged by the host. In Japan, there is a national custom-tea ceremony, which is full of Zen meaning and is used to cultivate interest. Although many modern Japanese youth are no longer interested in it, it is still regarded as a traditional art by society.

Wedding and funeral etiquette

In Japan, people still attach importance to the birth of new life. The traditional Japanese wedding ceremony is: three days before the wedding, the bride's family moves all the bride's things to the new house; On the wedding day, the barber will dress up the bride. There are many kinds of weddings in Japan now, some in shrines and some in Christian churches.

business etiquette

For business activities in Japan, you should choose February-June and September-165438+ 10. At other times, locals take more vacations or are busy with festivals. Japanese people attach great importance to the role of business cards in business activities. They think business cards show a person's social status, so they always carry them with them. Japanese businessmen pay more attention to establishing long-term cooperative partnership. They pay great attention to maintaining each other's face in business negotiations and hope that the other party will do the same. When giving gifts, local people attach great importance to class or rank, so don't give too expensive gifts, lest they mistakenly think that you are above them.

Travel etiquette

In Japan, many streets have no names. If you get lost, you can ask the police for help. Buses in urban areas extend in all directions. It's expensive to take a taxi. Tips are not very popular in Japan. If you are not sure, don't tip. Tips should be put in envelopes or wrapped in paper towels. The Japanese feel embarrassed to accept cash.

Main taboo

Japanese people don't like purple and think it is a sad tone; The most taboo is green, which is considered unlucky. They avoid using numbers like 9 and 4; They also taboo three people taking pictures together, thinking that the middle person is sandwiched between the left and right people, which is an unlucky omen. The Japanese hate gold and silver cats and think that people who see such cats will be unlucky; They don't like foxes either.

Japan is called the Yamato nation, and the core of its national spirit is "collective departmentalism". "Collectivism" is the soul of the Japanese nation and one of the important reasons for Japan's rise and rapid revival in modern times. Its root lies in the homogeneity of Japanese culture and psychology. Ancient Japan was made up of Japanese, ethnic minorities and mainland immigrants. Through long-term communication and integration, it has become a single nation in the process of political, social and cultural qualitative change. This single nation enjoys a unified culture and a homogeneous national psychology. On formal occasions, the relationship between superiors and subordinates in Japan gives people the impression that their status is very different. Subordinates always bow to their superiors, but in informal occasions, they will feel like a family with their superiors. There is no stratification in society, which eliminates the generation of class subculture, thus ensuring the homogeneity of Japanese culture.

Japan is a unique nation in the world national coordinates. In the past, most people in this country were engaged in a single planting economy, mainly growing rice. Without the help of the whole family and neighbors, this mode of production will be difficult to go from spring planting to autumn harvest. This is the core of Japanese national culture? The origin of collectivism. Japanese culture can be said to be "a hundred clothes", which is mainly composed of Chinese, English, American and local factors. The Japanese's own creativity was inspired by the introduction of foreign civilizations, thus promoting their own development. The second nature of Japanese culture has formed the value orientation of national learning and inoculation of other cultures. After the war, Japan spared no effort to introduce advanced science and technology and management strategies from the west, and integrated them with traditional culture to cultivate a new Japanese-style civilization with oriental characteristics.

A famous thinker in modern Japan said, "We have no philosophy in Japan since ancient times." Japanese people have an emotional tendency of "pro-nature", and attach importance to feeling and ignore abstraction in their way of thinking; Pay more attention to experience than thinking. Japanese culture tends to emphasize learning, imitation and comprehensive re-creation. In the final analysis, it is the realism and rationalism of its culture, which in turn forms pragmatism. "Home" is the mother of Japanese culture. The overall structure of Japanese tradition is a combination of "home", with the royal family at the top. This multi-level relationship with the same group has formed a political organization as the whole Japanese society, namely the country. This vertical social organization structure has strict hierarchical characteristics. In traditional Japanese society, apart from the royal family and court nobles, the ranks are samurai, farmers, workers, businessmen and untouchables. The Japanese are very particular about "loyalty" and "filial piety". The Japanese's "loyalty" and "filial piety" are inconsistent with China's understanding. The basic assumption of the Japanese is that every man and woman is born with a "debt of gratitude". I am in debt and need to repay my debt. The main form of gratitude is "loyalty". The "enterprise spirit" and "collectivism" that the Japanese are familiar with are largely based on the value of "loyalty". Because of its unique culture, Japan can embark on a successful modernization road.