Electronic Commerce usually refers to a new type of business operation mode in which buyers and sellers conduct various business activities without meeting each other in a wide range of business activities around the world under the open network environment of the Internet, and realize online shopping of consumers, online trading between merchants and online electronic payment, as well as various business activities, trading activities, financial activities and related comprehensive service activities. "China Internet Marketing Network" Tinlu related articles pointed out that e-commerce covers a wide range, which can be generally divided into Business-to-Business or Business-to-Consumer. In addition, there is a Consumer-to-Consumer growth model. With the increase of Internet users in China, the consumption mode of online shopping and payment by bank card has gradually become popular, the market share is also growing rapidly, and e-commerce websites are also emerging one after another. The most common security mechanisms of e-commerce are SSL and SET.

classification

B2B, B2C, C2C and B2M e-commerce modes.

B2B refers to business to business.

As in businesses doing business with other businesses, business-to-business e-commerce, that is, the exchange of products, services and information between enterprises through the Internet. Generally speaking, the supply and demand sides of e-commerce transactions are both merchants (or enterprises and companies), and they use Internet technology or various business network platforms to complete the process of business transactions. These processes include: releasing supply and demand information, ordering and confirming orders, payment process, issuing, transmitting and receiving bills, determining distribution scheme and monitoring distribution process. Sometimes I write B to B, but for the sake of simplicity, I simply use its homonym B2B(2 is to). The typical examples of B2B are Alibaba, China Manufacturing Network and HC Network.

B2C is business to customer

B2C mode is the earliest e-commerce mode in China, which is marked by the official operation of 8848 online mall. B2C means that enterprises provide consumers with a new shopping environment through the Internet-online stores, and consumers shop and pay online through the Internet. Because this model saves time and space for customers and enterprises, it greatly improves the transaction efficiency, especially for busy office workers, this model can save valuable time.

C2C means Consumer To Consumer.

C2C, like B2B and B2C, is one of several modes of e-commerce. The difference is that C2C is a user-to-user model. C2C business platform is to provide an online trading platform for buyers and sellers, so that sellers can actively provide online auctions of goods, and buyers can choose their own goods for bidding. The typical example of C2C is Taobao.

B2M refers to Business to Manager

B2M is a brand-new e-commerce model compared with B2B, B2C and C2C. This kind of e-commerce is essentially different from the above three, and its fundamental difference lies in the different nature of the target customer groups. The target customer groups of the first three are all as consumers, while the customer groups targeted by B2M are the sellers or workers of the enterprise or the product, not the final consumers.

an enterprise publishes its products or services through the network platform, and professional managers obtain the information of its products or services through the network, and provide product sales or enterprise services for the enterprise, and the enterprise achieves the purpose of selling products or obtaining services through the services of managers. Professional managers get commissions by providing services for enterprises.

compared with the traditional e-commerce, B2M has made great improvement. Besides the essential differences in the user groups it faces, B2M has a greater characteristic advantage: the offline development of e-commerce! The characteristics of the above three traditional e-commerce: the buyers and sellers of goods or services can only be netizens, while the B2M model can completely take the information of goods and services on the network offline. Enterprises release information, managers get business information, and provide goods or services to all people, whether online or offline.

taking China market as an example, traditional e-commerce websites face 41 million netizens, while B2M faces 1.4 billion China citizens! The typical example of B2B is e-pace, etc.

E-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three aspects: information service, transaction and payment. The main contents include: electronic business advertisement; Electronic purchase and exchange of transactions and electronic transaction vouchers; Electronic payment and settlement and after-sales online services. The main types of transactions are business-to-personal transactions (B to C mode) and business-to-business transactions (B to B mode). There are four types of entities involved in e-commerce: customers (individual consumers or enterprise groups), merchants (including vendors, manufacturers, storage and transportation companies), banks (including issuers and acquirers) and certification centers.

from the perspective of trade activities, e-commerce can be realized in multiple links, which can also be divided into two levels, the lower level e-commerce such as e-commerce, e-trade, e-contract, etc. The most complete and advanced e-commerce should be to use the INTERNET to carry out all trade activities, that is, to realize information flow, business flow, capital flow and part of logistics completely on the Internet. That is to say, you can start from looking for customers to negotiate, order, pay (collect) money online, open electronic invoices and even electronic customs declaration and tax payment through the Internet in one go.

To achieve complete e-commerce, many aspects will be involved. Besides buyers and sellers, banks, financial institutions, government agencies, certification bodies, distribution centers and other institutions will also be involved. Because the parties involved in e-commerce are physically strangers to each other, the whole process of e-commerce is not a copy of business activities in the physical world. Online banking, online electronic payment and other conditions and technologies such as data encryption and electronic signature play an important and indispensable role in e-commerce.

there are two other categories:

B2B e-commerce between business organizations and administrative organizations

Business-to-administrations e-commerce refers to the e-commerce activities between enterprises and government organizations. For example, the government will publish the details of procurement on the internet, and bid through online bidding, and enterprises will also bid through electronic means.

at present, this method is still in the initial experimental stage, but it may develop rapidly, because the government can establish its image in this way and promote the development of e-commerce through demonstration. In addition, the government can also manage the administrative affairs of enterprises through this kind of e-commerce, such as the government issuing import and export licenses and carrying out statistical work through e-commerce, and enterprises can handle tax payment and tax refund online.

the government should play an important role in promoting the development of e-commerce. In the United States, the Clinton administration has decided to electronize 71% of the federal government's public procurement in the near future. In Sweden, the government has decided that at least 91% of public procurement will be conducted online.

China's golden customs project is to establish an e-commerce framework with foreign trade as the leading factor and promote the development of various e-commerce activities in China through e-commerce from commercial institutions to administrative institutions, such as issuing import and export licenses, handling export tax rebates, and electronic customs declaration.

C2A consumer-to-administrative e-commerce

Consumer-to-administrations e-commerce refers to government-to-individual e-commerce activities. This kind of e-commerce activity has not really taken shape at present. However, in some developed countries, such as Australia, the government tax authorities have designated private tax offices or financial accounting firms to file personal tax returns electronically. Although this kind of activity has not yet reached the real electronic tax return, it has already had the embryonic form of consumer-to-administrative e-commerce.

with the development of e-commerce between commercial organizations and consumers, and between commercial organizations and administrative organizations, the government will provide more comprehensive electronic services to individuals in society. Various services provided by government departments to social taxpayers, such as the payment of social welfare payments, will be conducted online in the future.