located in: Huiyan Peak, Yanfeng District, Hengyang City, Hunan Province.
green cedar Cuizhu is Hengzhou.
yanfeng district, the downtown area of Hengyang, is the birthplace of Yancheng. It has jurisdiction over five streets, a township, a town and a farm, with an area of 94 square kilometers and a population of 231,111. It was formed by merging into the original suburbs and some towns and villages in Hengnan County on the basis of the original Chengnan District of Hengyang City.
yanfeng district is a bustling commercial center. Streets in the city are criss-crossed, commercial outlets are dense, shops are adjacent, pedestrians are bustling, and traffic is busy.
yanfeng district is an important industrial base. There are nearly 211 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises in the territory, involving many industries such as smelting, machinery, chemical industry, textile and medicine, which play a decisive role in Hengyang's industrial revitalization and economic development.
Yanfeng District is a tourist attraction for Tian people. Taking Huiyan Peak, the first peak of Nanyue in China, as the leader, the tourist attractions such as Yueping Park, Dongzhou Island, Qigang Mountain and Huang Chao Ridge will be organically integrated into Nanyue Grand Tourism Circle.
yanfeng district is a paradise for home buyers. The traffic is developed, railways and highways extend in all directions, and the Xiangjiang River runs according to the district. The 1111-ton wharf and Xianfeng wharf are the water transport centers of Hengyang section of Xiangjiang River. Social services are perfect, communication is convenient and smooth, financial functions are complete, and community services and other supporting systems are complete.
yanfeng district has a superior investment environment. Excellent geographical location, favorable economic policies and excellent investment environment. Nowadays, the district committee and the district government are committed to the creation of Hengyang Central Business District, so as to form a "depression" of information flow, talent flow and material flow in southern Hunan.
a modern central business district integrating finance, commerce, management, information, service and tourism will soon rise.
physical geography
yanfeng district is located in Hengyang basin, the central city of Hengyang. Yanfeng district is dominated by red rock hilly landform, hilly terrain. The landform types in Yanfeng District are mainly hills.
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generally below 511 meters above sea level, the relative height is generally not more than 211 meters, with slight fluctuation, gentle slope, round top and continuous distribution. Hills are the result of long-term erosion in mountainous areas. In the process of landform evolution, hills are the intermediate stage of the transition from mountains to plains. From the structural point of view, the earth's crust generally rises slowly in the area where the hills are located, and from the climatic conditions, the hills are generally distributed in warm and humid areas. According to the undulating height, those with relative height less than 111 meters are low hills, and those with relative height of 111-211 meters are high hills. From the perspective of developing economy and building and developing mountainous areas, mountainous areas, hills and some plateaus are * * *. The mountainous area is rich in mineral resources, water resources and forest resources, which is conducive to the development of various economies.
The basin is high around and low in the middle, and the whole terrain is like a big basin. Generally, the basin is surrounded by plateaus or mountains, with plains or hills in the middle. There are two main types of basins. One is a basin formed by crustal tectonic movement, which is called a tectonic basin. The other is a basin formed by glacier, flowing water, wind and karst erosion, called erosion basin, which is mainly formed by the erosion and expansion of Lancang River and its tributaries.
Hengshan Mountain, also known as Nanyue Mountain, is one of the five mountains in China. It is located in Hengshan County, Hunan Province, 811 miles from Fiona Fang of Hengshan Mountain, and there are 72 peaks. It is said that the peak name of each peak has its own origin. Its tourist area is 85 square kilometers, and its southernmost point is the famous Huiyan Peak. The ancients always thought that the geese who moved south would not fly south after flying to Huiyan Peak. Its northern end is Yuelu Mountain, which started in Changsha. Because the climatic conditions are better than those of other four mountains, there are luxuriant forests and bamboos everywhere, which are green all year round; Strange flowers and different grasses, fragrant at all times, and beautiful natural scenery, so it has the reputation of "Nanyue alone". Wei Yuan, a Qing dynasty, was in <: < Heng Yueyin > > As the Chinese saying goes, "Mount Hengshan is like a walk, Mount Dai (Thailand) is like a sit, Mount Huashan is like a stand, and Mount Songshan is like a lie, but Nanyue is like a fly." This is a compliment to Hengshan.
Huiyan Peak is located in Yanfeng, the southern district of Hengyang City, which is the first of 72 peaks in Nanyue, with an altitude of 96.8 meters. According to legend, the wild geese flew south, and then stopped flying back, hence the name Huiyan Peak. There are two sources of Huiyan Peak's name: one is that the wild geese fly south for the winter, so the air is warm, and they no longer fly south and return to the north; A mountain looks like a wild goose, and zhang yi returns to Xiang. Huiyan Peak is 96.8 meters above sea level. Although the mountain is not high, there are many people who use it as allusions in the poems of historical celebrities. The scenery is famous all over the world.
The main stream of Xiangjiang River, which originated in Xing 'an, Guangxi, enters from Guiyang Town in Qidong, and flows through Qidong County, Hengnan County, Changning City, Urban District, Hengyang County, Hengshan County and Hengdong County in turn. The length of Hengyang is 226 kilometers. The first-class tributaries of Xiangjiang River with a basin area of over 3,111 square kilometers in Hengyang include Fuling Water, distilled water, leishui and _ water.
The annual average temperature in Yanfeng District is 18.2℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -1.3℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 37.7℃. The precipitation is obviously higher, the sunshine is less, the winter is warm and the summer is cool obviously, the flood season is rainy, and the end of the rainy season is not obvious, so it belongs to the humid climate zone of mid-subtropical monsoon. The subtropical monsoon climate is distributed in the subtropical area on the east coast of the mainland, where it is not cold in winter. The average temperature in October is generally above 1℃, and it is hot in summer. The average temperature in July is generally around 25℃, and the Xia Feng direction changes obviously in winter. The annual precipitation is generally above 1111 mm, mainly concentrated in summer and less in winter. This kind of climate is most typical in southeast China. In other areas, because there is a considerable amount of precipitation in winter, there is little difference between winter and summer, so it is called subtropical monsoon humid climate.
Historical evolution
Huiyan Peak is the first peak of Nanyue Mountain, located in the urban area. According to legend, "The wild geese fly in the north and fly in the south, so they stop flying here", so the urban area is also called the Wild Goose Peak.
in 221 BC, Qin Shihuang unified the whole country and divided the former southern part of Chu into two counties: central Guizhou and Changsha, which included Hengyang.
In 221 AD, Sun Wu set up Xiangdong County in the southeast of Changsha County, and the county was located in Lingxian County today. Hengyang County is set up in the west of Changsha County, which is located in Xiangxiang today, and has jurisdiction over Zhengyang (now Hengyang County), Chong 'an (now Hengnan County), Xiangnan, Xiangxi (now Hengshan, Hengdong and Nanyue District), Xiangxiang and Yiyang counties. This is the first time in history that a county named after Hengyang appeared.
In 589 AD, the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen, changed the county into a state, abandoned Xiangdong and Hengyang County, and set up Hengzhou, and changed Linzheng into Hengyang County. The state city and the county seat were on the east bank of this river. This is the first time in history that Hengyang County appeared.
On April 4, 2111, the State Council approved (Guo Han [2111] No.34): jiangdong district, Chengnan District, Chengbei District and Suburb of Hengyang City were abolished, and Zhuhui District, Yanfeng District, Shigu District and zhengxiang district City of Hengyang City were established. Yanfeng District governs the five streets of Yanfeng, Baishazhou, Huangchaling, tianmashan and Xianfeng Road in the former south of the city, Xiangjiang Township (excluding Yangliu Village), Yueping Township (excluding the three villages of Lianhe, Yueping and Beitang) and Wenchang Township in Hengnan County. District People's Government in Xiangjiang South Road.
local customs
Hengyang people like to watch plays, hear and sing, so there are many kinds of local operas and songs, which are also widely spread. There are mainly Huagu Opera, xiang opera Opera, Qi Opera, Dihuagu Opera, Puppet Opera, Shadow Play, Face Play, Fishing Drum, Sixian Opera, Minor, Lotus Opera, Lianxiang Opera, Qianbian Opera, Buwei Opera, One-man Show and Yao People Talking and Laughing. Hengyang Huagu Opera is one of the favorite operas of the masses, which is known for its "three small" characters: Xiao Dan, Xiao Sheng and Clown. It originated in the period of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, and developed from folk songs and dances such as "tea picking tune" in Hengshan and "chariot and horse lantern" in Hengyang. Because of the similar vocal cavity language, it is commonly known as "Hengyang Flower Drum Opera". Later, it gradually flowed into other parts of the province. In the China Drama Hunan Volume edited in 1983, the flower drum drama popular in southern Hunan was collectively called "Hengzhou Flower Drum Drama". Xiang opera is a kind of Hunan local drama, which flowed into our city from neighboring counties 311 years ago. Influenced by local dialects, it gradually evolved into Hengyang xiang opera with Hengyang characteristics. Qi Opera was named after it originated in Qidong and Qiyang (originally a county). In the middle of Ming Dynasty, it was introduced into Qidong and Qiyang by Yiyang tune, which was combined with local folk songs, thus giving birth to this new kind of drama-Qi Opera.
Local dialects are used in these operas, with singing and acting, and musical instruments. They are kind and interesting, and are very popular with the masses. Huagu Opera "Strike while the Iron is Hot" was once recorded and broadcast nationwide; Xiang opera's Drunken Beating the Mountain Gate won the first prize in the first national drama viewing performance in 1952. "Drunken Beating" is famous in Beijing!
xiang opera in Hengyang, known as "Hengzhou Group" or "Hengzhou Grand Theatre Group" by the people, is also known as "Hengyang Handiao", which is one of the local dramas with strong characteristics in our province. The epidemic area is very wide, involving the whole eastern part of southern Hunan, including Hengyang, Chenzhou and Hengyang, Hengshan, Hengdong, Leiyang, Changning, Anren, Yanling, Chaling, Youxian, Yongxing, Guidong, Yizhang, Rucheng, Guiyang, Chenxian and other counties and cities. It was also popular in Yongxin, Jiangxi and Lechang, Guangdong.
Hengyang's theatrical performances have a long history. As early as 1274 AD, Wen Tianxiang passed through Hengyang, and was impressed by the prosperity of singing, dancing and opera at that time. He wrote "The Story of the Yuan Dynasty in Hengzhou", which recorded in detail the grand occasion that the people of Hengyang "danced for hundreds of plays" on the fifteenth day of the first month that year. When it comes to the origin of Hengyang xiang opera, there are different legends. Some people say that it was Jiangxi businessmen who were doing business in Hengyang at that time who invited the troupe to perform from their hometown, and brought the high-pitched tune originally sung by xiang opera in Hengyang to Hengyang. Some plays from Yiyang's various tunes still remain in the traditional plays of xiang opera in Hengyang. The introduction of xiang opera Kunqu Opera in Hengyang, some people say that it originated from the Kunqu Opera class in Guiduan Palace. In 1579, Zhu Changying, the seventh son of Ming Shenzong, went to Hengyang, brought a troupe to sing Kunqu Opera, and built a stage in the mansion to introduce Kunqu Opera to Hengyang. It is also said that during the Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, some Hubei Han artists came to Hengyang to organize classes or take classes to perform, which brought many Pihuang operas to Hengyang, and the integration of Qi opera in xiang opera, this province, formed the play cavity of xiang opera in Hengyang.
judging from the current composition of xiang opera's vocal cavity, it includes three main vocal cavities: Gao Qiang, Kun Qiang and Yan Qiang. The above remarks also describe the origin of Hengyang xiang opera from different aspects. According to the records of Qing Dynasty's Yang Enshou and Wang Kaiyun in Tanyuan Diary and Xiangqilou Diary, the plays performed by Hengyang Opera Troupe that they saw in Hengyang during Xianfeng and Tongzhi years in Qing Dynasty basically showed the initial form of Hengyang xiang opera.
The traditional plays of xiang opera in Hengyang are very rich. During the development of hundreds of years, there are still 613 recorded plays. According to the different voices used in different plays, there are 41 Kunqu operas, 97 Gaoqu operas, 47 high Kunqu operas, 418 Tanqiang operas and 11 miscellaneous operas. According to the length of the repertoire, there are 6 dramas, 113 whole dramas and 465 scattered dramas.
Lian-tai dramas are often performed in the autumn and winter when there are frequent activities to reward the gods. One drama is performed every day, accompanied by big drums and gongs, so it is also called "Big Drum Drama", mainly including Mu Lian Biography, Feng Shen Biography, Yue Fei Biography, The Journey to the West, Mixed Yuan Box and so on.
the whole play, or the original play. Each performance lasts about 5 hours, and the story content is independent and complete. There are five famous plays "Green, Red, Green, White and Yellow" by Gao Kun. Qing, that is, "Qing Mei Hui", shows the story of Liu Bei and Cao Cao cooking wine on heroes. Red, namely "Red Plum Pavilion", plays the story of Li Huiniang. Green, namely "The Green Robe", plays the story of Liu Zhan and Xu Yueniang. Bai, the White Rabbit, plays the story of Liu Zhiyuan. Huang, namely "Golden Seal", plays the story of the six countries of Su Qin sealing each other. In addition, Heaven Intention, Qilin Pavilion, Gu Chenghui, Yi Dai Zhao, Home Grange, Yanmenguan, Wind Sacrifice Platform, Lotus Hill, Double Strange Match, A Handful of Snow, Double Lianpa, and Three Meanings are also xiang opera of Hengyang.
San-zhe opera, or single-zhe opera, is a wonderful opera troupe often performs. The performance time is about one hour. There are three popular scattered dramas: Drunk at the Gate of the Mountain, Beating the Monument to Kill the Temple, Zhao Jun He Fan, Ritual Copying Red, Wandering in the Street and Falling off a Horse, Thinking of Fan, Describing the Capacity of Going to Beijing, Eight Pigeons Disrupting the Village, Drumming the Drum and Cursing Cao, Yang Guning the Gun, Cursing the House and Sacrificing the Life.
xiang opera's music in Hengyang is divided into two parts: vocal music and accompaniment music, including four kinds of vocal music, such as Kunqu Opera, High-pitched Opera, Harp Opera and Miscellaneous Melody, as well as cut-away music and percussion music. Nowadays, the singing style is dominated by playing and high-pitched tunes, and some Kunqu operas are still preserved. The stage language is based on Hengzhou Mandarin and combined with Zhongzhou Rhyme.
xiang opera's Kunqu Opera in Hengyang has the same meter as that of Kunqu Opera, but its pronunciation is quite local. The upper tone is raised according to that of southern Hunan, which makes the singing melodious and clear. Traditional Qupai can be divided into "coarse brand" and "fine brand". The former is simple and rough, with many simple words and a slightly faster singing speed, accompanied by suona and flute; The latter is soft and tactful, complicated and sparse, and the singing speed is slow, accompanied by Qu Di.
The high-pitched tunes of xiang opera in Hengyang can be divided into Zhu Yunfei, Si Chao Yuan, Jin Tang Yue, Gui Zhi Xiang, Xiang Luo Dai, Ba Sheng Gan Zhou Ge, Suo Nan Zhi, Yi Zhi Hua, Zhu Ma Ting, Han Qiang, etc. The end of the cavity is assisted by human voices and accompanied by percussion music; There are many words and few cavities, and the tune is recitation, which is beat by the drum board. High-pitched tunes are sung by one person, with everyone helping them, without music accompaniment, and the local characteristics are very strong.
The xiang opera in Hengyang is also divided into south and north roads, with strong local characteristics. There is no difference in singing in South Road, but the singing styles of different professions are different. The north road is divided into cavities, the niche is the same as the Dan line, and the net line is the same as the raw line. The denier cavity is five degrees higher than the raw cavity. The melody is low and deep, and the tone is bleak and sad.
The current shoe color business in Hengyang xiang opera is divided into three lines: raw, flower and denier. Among them, the health line is divided into old students, healthy students and young students, the flower line is divided into big flowers, two flowers and three flowers (that is, ugly), and the Dan line is divided into Zhengdan, Laodan and Xiaodan, so it is called "nine heads". Old students focus on tricks and crutches. Play more high-ranking and important people by tricks, and emphasize the bearing of the power frame, so as to be good at relying on and making achievements; The crutch play shows old and frail people, wearing white beards and crutches, singing and doing both, especially white mouths. Zhengsheng has a wide range of operas, emphasizing singing and doing work. Xiaoshengxing mostly plays Confucian scholars and young civil servants and military commanders. When singing, his voice and fake voice are used alternately, and singing, doing, reading and playing are indispensable. Dahuahang mostly plays loyal ministers, good generals, rebellious heroes, treacherous court officials and villains, and sings with bully, tiger and fried voices. Erhuahang mostly plays people who are bold, brave, unswerving, interesting or cruel, and emphasizes martial arts and posture, mainly with acting. Hengyang dialect is the main dialect in Sanhua street, and there are many local languages such as Subai, Shanxi Bai, Jingbai and Hubei dialect. Zhengdan plays more virgins and heroines, and his performance is dignified and steady. Xiaodan has a wide range of roles and identities, and his age is different. He requires singing, acting, reading and playing. Lao Dan mainly plays with actors, and his roles are divided into rich and poor. Although these trades are rigorous and standardized, artists from xiang opera in Hengyang in the past dynasties can use their performance programs to express the emotions of different characters and portray their personalities.
There are three main performing styles in xiang opera, Hengyang. First, the Kunqu Opera has a delicate movement and a strong dancing style. The second is the style of simple movements, strong earthy flavor, singing and reading more. Third, the action of the play is highly standardized, and the style of the characters is characterized by programs, large-scale plate-shaped aria or whole-length chanting.
Before the establishment of New China, xiang opera artists in Hengyang had a humble social status and lived in poverty. 194