Jinghong city is located in the south of Yunnan and the middle of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture. The ground span is 111 25'-111 31' east longitude and 21 27'-22 36' north latitude. It belongs to the humid monsoon climate in the north tropics and south subtropics, with long summer without winter, distinct dry and wet seasons and basically no frost. The annual average temperature is between 18.6 and 21.9, and the annual average precipitation is between 1211 and 1711 mm. South borders Myanmar, with a border of 112.39 kilometers. The total area is 7113.1 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 13 townships, 86 administrative villages and 441,111 people. The Lancang-Mekong River, known as the "Oriental Danube", flows through it and is the main channel for China to enter Southeast Asian countries.

introduction

history and culture

Jinghong, which means "the city of dawn" in Dai language, was called "Menglu" and "Jinglong" in ancient times, and was called "Cheli" and "Che Li" in old times. It has been the political, economic and cultural center of Xishuangbanna since ancient times. The total output and yield per mu of rubber, Amomum villosum and ylang-ylang rank first in all counties (cities) in China. It is a famous production base of commodity grain, pigs and turtles in Yunnan Province, with a GDP of 2.756 billion yuan in 2112. Abundant in animal and plant resources, geothermal resources, minerals and water resources, it is known as "green treasure house" and "species gene bank", with the largest primate research center in Asia, export production base and the largest butterfly farm in China. It is a famous tourist destination at home and abroad, with more than 2 million domestic and foreign tourists every year, and was selected as the first "Excellent Tourist City in China". Jinghong City Business Card: Rainforest Jinghong, Rouqing Dai Township, through 51 years of development, the infrastructure such as transportation, energy and communication has been improved day by day, social undertakings such as science, education, culture and health have developed in an all-round way, and its location advantage has become increasingly apparent. The Yunnan provincial government has designated it as the central city to participate in the plan of international cooperation economic zone in China, Thailand, Myanmar and the old Lancang-Mekong subregion.

Treasure House of Hot Crops

Jinghong has a typical tropical area of 2.8 million mu due to its special geographical location and climatic conditions, and the rest is subtropical, making it a rare treasure house of tropical crops in China. For decades, with the help of the state, the municipal party committee and the government have paid equal attention to protection and rational development and utilization, adhered to the strategy of sustainable development, and vigorously developed green industries on the premise of comprehensive planning and demonstration. Green industry has become an important economic pillar of the city.

Rubber base

Rubber planting in Jinghong began in 1948, when overseas Chinese Qian Fangzhou and others in Thailand founded Huajiao Garden in Ren 'an Olive Dam. At the beginning of 1953, the state organized experts to investigate the feasibility of rubber in Jinghong, and in September of the same year, a special forest test site and an olive dam branch were formally established. In 1956, in order to break the foreign blockade of rubber, a group of scientific and technological workers, demobilized veterans and frontier youths went to Jinghong. Set up state farms and develop production. In 1963, with the help of the state and farms, local farmers began to try to grow rubber. Since then, rubber trees have appeared on the low hills of Jinghong. The rubber forest in Jinghong not only blooms and decorates the mountain every year, but also spares no effort to dedicate latex and contribute to mankind.

The hometown of Pu 'er tea

Pu 'er tea is famous at home and abroad, but do you know? The hometown of Pu 'er tea is in Banna and Jinghong. "Yunnan Haiyu Hengzhi" wrote: "Pucha is famous all over the world, and Pu 'er belongs to Liucha Mountain: one day you have fun, and the other day you go to Gedeng". Youle is now Jinghong Jinuo Mountain Township. Pu 'er tea was named because it was a distribution center of tea at that time. In Jinghong and Xishuangbanna, there are many wild tea trees, some of which are over a thousand years old. The trunk trees are 3.8 meters in circumference and 34 meters in height, which shocked the tea altar. In addition to wild tea trees, a cultivated "Tea Tree King" with a tree age of more than 811 years has been discovered. The trunk diameter of this tree is 1.38 meters and the height of the tree is only 5.5 meters. The local tea farmers of the Hawai nationality call it "Shagui Bama". The discovery of the cultivated "tea tree king" shows that the local tea planting has a long history. "Good tea comes out of the cloud and fog mountain", Jinghong's tea is famous for its delicious taste and high quality. According to historical records, "relying on the state is better than specializing in tea", which was classified as tribute tea by the Qing court. The six major tea mountains pay 66,111 Jin of tribute tea every year, which is both "the capital is especially important" and popular with merchants, so there are "111,111 people who make tea in the mountains". Nowadays, tea planting in Jinghong has spread all over the towns and villages in the city, and there are tea gardens everywhere in Qian Shan Wangu, with an area of 11,111 mu and an annual output of 11,111 tons of tea. It has become another pillar industry of Jinghong. There are not only famous tea factories in Dadugang Tea Factory in the city, but also a number of refining and preliminary factories have been established in the main tea-producing towns and villages. So that you can not only taste the traditional famous tea-Pu 'er tea, but also taste the newly developed famous teas such as Nannuo Baihao, Yunhai Baihao and Banna Yinfeng. Tea country will definitely let you "taste the ancient and modern versions of Na Ming, and take away the tea farmer all of my heart".

the origin of tropical fruits

"banana on the top, pineapple on the foot, and wild fruit when you fall down". Jinghong, as a limited tropical fruit producing area in China, has a special climate and superior natural environment, which provides good conditions for the cultivation and production of tropical fruits. There are many kinds of wild fruits, which provide species resources for the study of fruit variety origin, biological evolution, plant community and genetic breeding. Jinghong has a long history of tropical fruit cultivation, which is recorded in Pu 'er Mansion Records and Twelfth Edition Natsu. After liberation, especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, after the selection, cultivation and introduction of native fruit trees, there are now coconuts, bananas, eyeless pineapples, lychees, longan, jackfruit, red hair, egg-yolk fruits, pistachios, pistachios, mangoes (raw mangoes, three-year mangoes, Luzong mangoes, coconut mangoes, and indigo naturalis) in the city. There are fruits everywhere on hillsides, ditches, roadsides, streets, villages and courtyards, forming another scenery of Jinghong tour. Among many tropical fruits, there are a complete variety of early, middle and late maturity, and some fruit trees bloom all the year round and bear fruit in four seasons, which makes Jinghong have fresh fruits in spring, fresh fruits in winter, and new fruits are tasted every month, and fruits continue all year round. No matter what season you set foot in Jinghong's promised land, you can taste fresh fruits of pollution-free origin, and see an eyeless pineapple weighing more than 3 kilograms, a giant mango weighing 1 kilograms and a banana as small as Xi Shi.

the paradise of medicinal plants

"Fall into the mountain and sit down with three medicines" vividly illustrates the richness of medicinal plants in Jinghong. Jinghong's vast mountain field, fertile land, high temperature and humidity and natural conditions without severe cold in winter are very suitable for the growth of drugs. Now there are ten thousand mu of southern medicines such as Amomum villosum and Amomum cardamom in the city. More than 5,111 kinds of plants in Jinghong, a "plant kingdom", contain rich plants with medicinal value. Such as Areca catechu, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum camphora, Catechu, Cinchona, Amomum villosum, Rauvolfia, Samkuku, Sandalwood, Kidney Tea, Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Maytenum. There are 782 species of medicinal plants belonging to 139 families identified by relevant departments, accounting for 14.2% of the known medicinal plants in China and 38.5% of those in Yunnan. Among them, Jinghong and Bannat's "Mahan" and "Ya Jiao Hatton" have been included in China Pharmacopoeia, and 24 drugs have been included in Yunnan Drug Standard. In addition to the native local varieties, a large number of artificially introduced varieties have settled here. Amomum villosum, Amomum villosum and Amomum villosum have formed industrial advantages. In addition, the medicinal materials that have become commodities include Manfumu, Catechu, Areca catechu, Cinnamomum cassia, Alpinia oxyphylla, Dafengzi, Amomum tsaoko, Sappan, Yellow Grass, Kidney Tea, Gynostemma pentaphyllum and so on. "There are many healing trees on the mountain, but there is no insight." The medicinal materials that have become commodities are only a very small part of the medicinal materials grown on the promised land of Jinghong medicinal plants. More of them are only used by the people for their own use, and have not been developed and applied. In addition, in Jinghong, a "green treasure house", there are two famous incense kings-the essence extracted from the flowers of the evergreen tree ylang ylang, which is famous for its floral fragrance, is the famous essence ylang spice for preparing high-grade cosmetics. Vanilla is not only used to make high-grade perfume, but also mainly used for seasoning. Vanilla dried fruit pods cost $61-71 per 4 kg in the international market.

transportation

plane Xishuangbanna Jinghong Gasa International Airport

Kunming has several flights through Jinghong, the capital of the autonomous prefecture, every day, and the air flight time is about 45 minutes. Xishuangbanna Airport was opened to traffic in April, 1991, 5 kilometers away from Jinghong City. There are 6 ~ 11 flights every day, which is the highest flight density in China. Xishuangbanna Airport has also opened domestic routes to Chengdu, Guangzhou, Chongqing and Tianjin. In February 2111, the route from Jinghong to Bangkok, Thailand was officially opened (suspended several years ago, temporarily unavailable), making it the second largest air port in the province after Kunming. The ticket price from Kunming to Jinghong (Xishuangbanna) is 3%, 5% and 7% discount for 911 yuan (excluding airport tax). The highway mileage from Jinghong City to Kunming City in Xishuangbanna is 692 kilometers, and all 41 towns and villages in one city, two counties in Quanzhou have access to highways, with a total mileage of 3671 kilometers. The main trunk lines from Jinghong to Menghai, Mengla, Damenglong and Daluo are asphalt roads. Now Jinghong has been opened to expressway in Menghai and Mengla, and it takes about 9 hours to take a sleeper bus from Jinghong to Kunming. In addition, all tourist attractions and parks from Jinghong to Quanzhou can buy tickets at the bus station, and the fares are in accordance with state regulations, so there is no need to worry. But if you don't get on the bus at the station, be careful to bargain with the driver. Driving for 21-24 hours, the fare is between 111-171 yuan. There are long-distance buses (including sleeping cars) to Jinghong at Kunming Bus Station next to Kunming Railway Station, and there are also special buses from travel agencies. Jinghong Port, a shipping port, has opened an international shipping route to Vientiane, Laos. The middle and old Lancang River to the upper Mekong River has carried cargo for many times and successfully carried passengers on trial flights. Olive dam and Guanlei wharf are under construction. By the Lancang River in the north of Jinghong city, you can take a boat to Olive Dam for sightseeing. Taxi taxis in Jinghong City are all from 5 yuan (the meter was used on June 1, 2111), and 1 yuan fuel surcharge must be added every kilometer of 1.8 yuan. Jinghong taxi drivers are mostly foreigners, and they often cheat passengers. They hire out their cars to the scenic spot to negotiate the price and tell the drivers not to enter the store all the time (the driver will get a rebate and the tour time will be compressed), no matter where they go, they can negotiate the price before getting on the bus. Banna International Airport is about 5 kilometers away from the city. When you take a taxi from the airport, you must negotiate the price (but basically it is all in 21 yuan, so you can't talk about it). When traveling, you can ask the driver to meter the taxi. The starting price of the taxi is 5 yuan. Jinghong in Xishuangbanna is a small city, so cycling is a good way to travel. Banna Hotel and other places can rent a car to travel (but each car must pay a deposit around 211 yuan).

History and culture

Legend of the Water-splashing Festival

According to folklore, in ancient times, the place where the Dai people lived suffered one disaster after another. There is no rain in summer, no wind in spring, no sunshine in autumn, and rainy days in winter. Whether it is sunny or not, whether it rains or not, the four seasons are confused, crops can't be planted, fields and wasteland are ruined, people and animals are infected, and human beings are facing extinction. The man known as Paya Night, seeing such a scene, decided to go to heaven to find out the reason and told the heavenly king Ying Da Tira. He made wings out of four boards, soared into the heaven, and reported the disasters on earth to the heavenly king Ying Da Tira. Upon finding out the smell of Xiangdati's petals, it is known that the god who is in charge of wind, thunder, electricity, rain, sunny and cloudy holds Madian Dalazha, ignoring the rules of drought, rain and cold formulated by Pengma, and relying on the vast magical powers, deliberately making a mess. And this one holds Madian Dalazha, and his magic is brilliant, and all the gods are helpless to him. In order to punish this unscrupulous god, Ying Da Tira dressed up as a handsome guy and went to the house of Dharamzha in Pengmadian to string girls. The seven daughters who have been imprisoned in the deep palace for a long time by Madian Dalazha fell in love with this handsome guy at first sight. Ying Da Tila will hold Madian Dala to bring disaster to the world, which will make mankind face extinction. Seven kind girls who have been angry with their father on weekdays are determined to put righteousness above family interests and save mankind. Every day, they gather around their father to coquetry and explore the secret of his life and death. Facing the charming girl, Pengmadian Dalazha finally revealed the secret: he was not afraid of knives, arrows, fire and flooding, but of the hair on his head. After the girls found out the secret, they drank their father as drunk as a fiddler, took the opportunity to cut off a pinch of his hair and made a "bow" (literally translated as a heartstring bow, a rag must bow). As soon as they aimed the bow string at the neck of Madian Dalachai, his head suddenly fell. However, the head of Pengmadian Dalazha is a devil's head, and the fire is soaring. When the seven girls saw it, they rushed to their heads in love regardless of their safety, and the magic fire was extinguished. In order to put out the magic fire, seven girls had to hold the devil in their arms and rotate constantly until their heads rotted. Every time the sisters rotate, they splash water on each other to wash the stains on their bodies and eliminate the odor. After the death of Madian Dalachai, Mahapeng in Shuluba rebuilt the calendar and took charge of the wind and rain, so that the weather was good and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. Legend has it that the revised calendar was announced by Paya to his father in June of Dai calendar. Therefore, the Dai people took June, when the new calendar was announced, as the New Year's Day to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. When people celebrate the New Year, they splash water on each other, so as to forget the seven kind girls who are righteous and disloyal, and to exorcise evil spirits and dirt, and to seek good luck and good luck to be passed down to this day. Generally speaking, it takes three or four days for the Dai calendar to celebrate the New Year, which is usually called "Wan Mai", "Wan Fan" and "Mai Paiya Wanma". "Wanmai" is the day of resigning from the old year, which is somewhat similar to the New Year's Eve of the lunar calendar. On this day, people should clean up, prepare food for the New Year, bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. Most of the years of "Wan Nao" are one day, sometimes two days, which means empty days, not belonging to the days of the old annual report, nor to the days of the New Year. People usually say that "Wan Nao" is the day when the head of Madian Dalazha is rotted.

Dai family

The Dai people are the most populous minority in Xishuangbanna, with exquisite bamboo houses and beautiful peacock dance. Dai girls are beautiful in costumes, graceful in appearance and good at singing and dancing, which is one of the charming scenery in Xishuang. The bamboo building where Dai people live is a dry-column building. The bamboo building is approximately square, supported by dozens of large bamboos, and the floor is suspended; The roof is covered with thatched rows, and the bamboo wall has a large gap, which is both ventilated and light-permeable. The slopes on both sides of the roof are very large, showing an "A" shape. The bamboo building is divided into two floors, where people live upstairs, livestock are raised downstairs, and sundries are piled up. It is also a place for threshing rice and weaving. Dai men generally wear collarless double-breasted sleeve shirts and long-sleeved trousers, wrapped in white or blue cloth. Dai women's costumes are quite different from place to place, but basically they are characterized by bunches of hair, skirts and blouses. The skirt reaches the foot, the clothes are tight and short, the hem only reaches the waist, but the sleeves are long and narrow. The Dai people take rice as their staple food, and the most distinctive one is bamboo rice. The production method is to put rice into a fresh bamboo tube, add water and barbecue it on the fire, which tastes fragrant and delicious. Pu 'er tea, a specialty of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, was exported to all parts of China in the Tang Dynasty, Southeast Asia and South Asia in the Qing Dynasty, and now it has entered the markets of Japan, Western Europe and other countries and regions, becoming a famous tea at home and abroad. Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture is rich in special products, with more than 1,111 kinds of fruits alone. There are many kinds of animals and plants here, and it is a famous "plant kingdom" and "animal kingdom". In 1991, Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve was officially opened to the outside world, and people can personally visit the treasure house of nature and appreciate the rich subtropical customs.

travel tips

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