1. Railway transportation: large volume, high speed, low freight rate, little influence by natural factors and good continuity; The railway cost is high, covering a wide area, and the short-distance transportation cost is high; Bulk heavy goods that need long-distance transportation.

2. Road transportation: flexible, quick turnover, convenient loading and unloading, and strong ability to adapt to various natural conditions; Small traffic flow, high energy consumption, high cost and high freight; Short-distance, small-batch goods.

3. Waterway transportation: large volume, low investment and low cost; The speed is slow, the flexibility and continuity are poor, and it is greatly influenced by natural conditions such as waterway hydrology and meteorology; Bulk, long-distance and time-critical goods.

4. Air transportation: fast and efficient, it is the fastest modern transportation mode; Small transportation volume, high energy consumption, high freight rate, large equipment investment and strict technical requirements; Urgent need goods, expensive and small quantity.

5. Pipeline transportation: small loss, strong continuity, stability and safety, convenient management and large transportation volume; Large equipment investment and poor flexibility; A large number of mobile goods.

Extended data:

Reasonable choice of transportation mode:

Among all kinds of modes of transportation, how to choose the appropriate mode of transportation is an important issue in the rationalization of logistics. Generally speaking, it should be decided by the service level required by the logistics system and the allowable logistics cost. You can use one mode of transportation or a mixed mode of transportation.

To decide the mode of transportation, we can carefully study and consider the following five specific projects on the basis of considering the specific situation:

(1) Commodity types

The variety, nature and shape of the goods should be stated in the packaging project, and the transportation mode suitable for these goods should be selected. The freight bearing capacity of the goods should also be seriously considered.

(2) Time limit for transportation

The transportation time limit must be related to the delivery date, and the transportation time limit must be guaranteed. It is necessary to investigate the transportation time required by various modes of transportation and choose the transportation mode according to the transportation time.

Generally speaking, the order of transportation time is air transportation, automobile transportation, railway transportation and ship transportation. Each means of transportation can be arranged according to its speed, and the required transportation time can be calculated by adding its two ends and the transit operation time. In commodity circulation, it is a basic requirement to study the present situation of these modes of transportation and carry out planned transportation, hoping to have an accurate delivery date.

(3) Transportation cost

The transportation cost varies with the kind, weight, volume and distance of the goods. Moreover, transportation costs will change with different modes of transportation. When considering the transportation cost, we must pay attention to the relationship between freight and other logistics subsystems. We should not only consider the transportation cost to determine the transportation mode, but also decide the transportation mode based on the total cost.

(4) Transportation distance

From the perspective of transportation distance, the following principles can generally be followed: within 300 kilometers, car transportation; Railway transportation between 300 and 500 kilometers; More than 500 kilometers, shipping. Generally, it is more economical and reasonable to adopt such a choice.

(5) Transport batch

Because the cost of mass transportation is low, the goods should be concentrated near the final consumers as much as possible, and choosing the appropriate transportation mode is a good way to reduce the cost. Generally speaking, goods under 15 ~ 20 tons are transported by car; /kloc-railway transportation of 0/5 ~ 20 tons of goods; Commodities over several hundred tons, such as raw materials, should be transported by ship.

Baidu encyclopedia-mode of transportation