Textile raw materials:

In fact, if you really need it, you can find a book "Textile Materials Science" edited by Academician Yao Mu, which has a comprehensive introduction.

At the same time, I will give you two effective connections below, which you can have a look at. The above descriptions are all more detailed. texinfo.com/bbs/dispbbs.asp? board id = 9 & amp； id=598

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pages/2004/07/ 19/d 145874

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Try it yourself.

Textile equipment:

I know this is some information about the exhibition.

The 15th International Textile Machinery Exhibition (considered as an Olympic event in the field of international textile machinery).

Exhibition abbreviation: ITMA 07

Exhibition time: September 2007 13 -20.

Venue: New International Expo Center in Munich, Germany.

Exhibition cycle: once every four years.

Opening hours: 9: 00–18: 00.

Estimated exhibition area: 6.5438+0.6 million square meters.

Exhibition scope: textile machinery, chemical fiber machinery, spinning and accessories; Winding machine, texturing machine and twisting machine; Web forming machine, bonding machine, non-woven fabric finishing machine and felting machine; Pre-weaving preparation equipment, loom, tufting machine; Knitting machine, hosiery machine; Ribbon loom and embroidery machine; Washing, bleaching, dyeing, printing, drying, finishing, cutting, rolling and pleating machinery; Mechanical parts of storage and transportation packaging industry; Laboratory measuring equipment; Environmental protection recycling equipment and accessories; Automation design software and technology, etc.

Overview of the exhibition: ITMA is the largest textile machinery exhibition in the world, and its owner is CEMATEX. Known as the Olympic Games in the field of international textile machinery, it is also the most important exhibition platform in the field of international textile machinery, which has important guiding significance for the textile machinery industry for more than half a century. The four-year cycle points out the direction for the development of international textile enterprises in the next stage. Its high quality, complete system solutions, rich exhibits, the participation of market leading enterprises and unparalleled internationality are the obvious advantages of the exhibition.

Review of the last exhibition: The14th International Textile Machinery Exhibition held in Birmingham, England on October 22-29, 2003 attracted more than 300 exhibitors from 143 countries. There are 1249 10 professional trade visitors during the exhibition.

Brief introduction of Munich Expo Company: Munich Expo Company has rich experience in international exhibition operation, and holds nearly 40 expositions around the world every year. The design industry includes capital goods, high-tech and consumer goods, and has professional brands in various fields. There are 89 representative offices and agencies around the world, forming a huge business network. Munich Exhibition Company will also bring professional and excellent high-level services to ITMA International Textile Machinery Exhibition, and ITMA Exhibition in 2007 will surely become a real technological innovation conference.

Printing and dyeing:

Printing and dyeing

As early as the Neolithic Age six or seven thousand years ago, our ancestors could already dye linen with hematite powder. Primitive tribes living in Nuomuhong area of Qaidam basin in Qinghai can dye wool into yellow, red, brown and blue, and weave colored striped woolen cloth.

During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, dyeing technology was constantly improved. There are full-time official "dyers" in the palace handicraft workshop to "dye grass" and manage dyeing production. The dyed color is also increasing. By the Han Dynasty, dyeing technology had reached a fairly high level.

The dyes used for dyeing in ancient China were mostly natural mineral or plant dyes. In ancient times, the four primary colors of cyan, magenta, yellow, white and black were called "five colors", and the "intermediate color (multicolor)" could be obtained by mixing the primary colors.

Cyan is mainly dyed with indigo extracted from bluegrass. There are many kinds of blue grass that can make indigo, and Malan was originally used in ancient times.

Red, in ancient China, the primary color red was called red, and orange was called red. China first used hematite powder to dye red, and later used cinnabar (mercury sulfide). Dyeing fastness with them is poor. Madder was used in the Zhou Dynasty, and its roots contain alizarin, which can be dyed red with alum as mordant. Since the Han Dynasty, madder has been planted on a large scale.

Yellow, mainly gardenia in the early days. The fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis contains the yellow pigment of crocetin, which is a direct dye and dyed yellow with reddish color. After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, yellow dyes included Rehmannia glutinosa, Sophora japonica, Cortex Phellodendri, Curcuma longa, Huang Zhe and so on. The cloth dyed by Huang Zhe is red and yellow in the moonlight and red in the candlelight, and its color is dazzling. It has become the emperor's clothing since the Sui Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, the emperor's special yellow robe also evolved from this.

White, can be dyed with natural mineral sericite, but it is mainly obtained by bleaching. There used to be a method of sulfur fumigation bleaching. Black, the plants dyed black in ancient times mainly used oak, acorn, gallnut, persimmon leaf, Hollyleaf, chestnut shell, lotus seed shell, rat tail leaf and cypress leaf. This dye was used in China from the Zhou Dynasty, and it was not replaced by black sulfide until modern times. After mastering the method of primary color dyeing, different intermediate colors can be obtained through overprint dyeing.

With the continuous improvement and development of dyeing technology, the colors of textiles dyed in ancient China are constantly enriched. Someone once made a chromatographic analysis of the Tang Dynasty silk unearthed in Turpan, and found that * * * has 24 colors, among which the red ones are silver red, water red, scarlet, crimson and crimson; Yellow has goose yellow, chrysanthemum yellow, apricot yellow, golden yellow, khaki yellow and dark brown; Blue and blue are egg blue, sky blue, emerald blue, sapphire blue, cyan and navy blue; Green includes lake green, bean green, leaf green, fruit green, dark green and so on.

China printed on fabrics later than painting, decoration and embroidery. At present, the earliest printed fabric we have seen is the printed silk quilt cover unearthed from the Chu Tomb of the Warring States Period in Changsha, Hunan Province.

In the Central Plains, the revival of printing began with Valeriana officinalis, including Valeriana officinalis, Valeriana kudzu and Valeriana officinalis. Valeriana straminea and Valeriana kudzu are actually a kind of fabric that imitates printing and dyeing.

The printing and dyeing industry in Tang Dynasty was quite developed. In addition to the improvement of the quantity and quality of Valeriana officinalis, some new printing and dyeing technologies have emerged, especially the embossed printed bird silk unearthed in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, which is the reappearance of the embossed printing technology that disappeared since the Eastern Han Dynasty. Some unknown printing and dyeing processes were also found in the unearthed textiles of the Tang Dynasty. By the Song Dynasty, China's printing and dyeing technology was more comprehensive and its chromatography was more complete. In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen recorded in the General Record of Dan and Lead: "In the Yuan Dynasty, there were people who dyed Jia Gu, and there were other names such as Tan Gu, Shu Gu, Gu, San Tao Gu and Lv Siban Gu". Although there are many names, printing and dyeing technology is still not within the above scope.

By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the application technology of dyes in China had reached a considerable level, and the dyehouses had also developed greatly. During the Qianlong period, some people described the dyehouse in Shanghai as follows: "There are blue workshops in the dyehouse, and the sky is blue, light blue and white under the moon; There are red squares, dyed red and exposed peaches; There is a bleaching workshop, dyed yellow, rough to white; There are workshops with variegated colors such as yellow, green, black, purple, shrimp, green and Buddha's face gold. In addition, more complex printing technology has also developed. Until the invention of French Perot printing machine in 1834, China had the most developed manual printing and dyeing technology in the world.

In ancient China, printing and dyeing not only had many colors and bright colors, but also had good color fastness and was not easy to fade. In ancient times, cyan (that is, blue), red, yellow, white and black were called five colors, which were also the true colors and primary colors. Primary colors are mixed to get a variety of colors, such as green, purple, pink, etc., also known as intermediate colors. The sources of dyes are divided into mineral pigments and plant dyes. The mineral pigments dyed red are hematite and cinnabar. Even though hematite was used as early as the neanderthal period, it was dark red, so it was later used to color prisoners. Cinnabar, also known as Cinnabar, is brightly colored. More than 4,000 years ago, it was scattered under a male corpse in Liuwan cemetery in Qinghai. Yellow is stone yellow (arsenic sulfide) and Huang Dan (lead oxide), cyan is natural copper ore, white is lead powder and muscovite, and black is carbon black. The red color in plant dyes can be extracted from madder, safflower, sappan, etc. Yellow is extracted from gardenia, turmeric and Sophora japonica, and cyan is indigo made of blue grass, so there is a famous sentence "Green is blue, green is blue". Black is mainly obtained from walnut, persimmon and oak trees. When dyeing with a certain dye, it is found that the color of the fabric deepens every time it is dipped. Therefore, the dyeing process has developed from simple dip dyeing to register dyeing and mordant dyeing. There are twenty-four colors of silk fabrics unearthed from Tang tombs in Turpan, Xinjiang, among which only the red ones are silver red, water red, scarlet, crimson and crimson. There are as many as six kinds of yellow. On the basis of primary color registration dyeing, registration dyeing techniques of different dyes have also appeared, which makes the fabric more colorful. By the Qing dynasty, the color spectrum and color names of dyeing had developed from the vertical and horizontal cooperation of natural colors to hundreds. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, mordant dyeing appeared, that is, mordant was used in dyeing. For example, when dyeing black with vegetable dyes, adding a little soap alum can improve the color fastness. In the dyeing method, silk, yarn and cotton cloth can be woven first, and then dyed. Brocade, embroidery, etc. It is necessary to dye the silk thread before weaving. In ancient China, printed fabrics were commonly called "Valerian", so the printing and dyeing processes were divided into Valerian, Valerian, Valerian and so on. (1) diazepam, also known as wax diazepam, batik. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, ethnic minorities in Southwest China first mastered the technology of using wax to prevent dyeing. It draws a pattern on the fabric with melted wax, then dyes it and cooks the wax, which can show excellent white flowers. Due to the shrinkage or friction of wax after condensation, many cracks occur. After dyeing, the pigment penetrates into the cracks, and a trace of irregular texture often appears on the finished pattern, forming a unique decorative effect. Batik has been used to this day. 2 Valeriana officinalis. It has existed since Qin and Han Dynasties, and it was very popular in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It uses two flower plates engraved with the same pattern, with cloth and silk between them, and dyes them into patterns at the engraved places. Its pattern is characterized by symmetry, balance and beauty. Valerian can be dyed in two or three colors. ③ Valeriana officinalis. It is a common folk printing and dyeing method. Generally, there are two kinds: one is to tie the cloth into various patterns with thread and dye it after nailing. The part of the nail can't be dyed to form a pattern of colored white flowers, which has the effect of flowering. The other is to wrap the grain on the fabric and then dye it to form various patterns. In addition to the above-mentioned main printing and dyeing methods, relief printing and other processes also appeared during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Until the invention of French Perot printing machine in 1834, China had the most developed manual printing and dyeing technology in the world.

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