The so-called bone China was invented by the British in 1794. It is named after adding the ashes of herbivores such as cattle and sheep (preferably bovine bone powder) to its clay, and it is an environmentally friendly green consumer product.

Formation

The formation of bone China mainly depends on silica, alumina and calcium oxide, and the higher the content of calcium oxide, the better the color. In nature, there are not many sources of calcium oxide, so animal bone meal is chosen as the source of calcium oxide. British high-grade bone China

The color of bone China is natural milky white unique to natural bone powder. Generally speaking, porcelain containing 25% bone powder in raw materials can be called bone porcelain, and internationally recognized bone powder content is higher than 41%. The best bone porcelain generally contains 51% high-quality bovine bone powder. Among them, the composition of bone powder is more than 41%, and the color of the appliance is milky white, which belongs to high-grade bone China. More than 41% of the top European standard bone China cutlery are priced at several thousand yuan. There are not many brands that export high-quality bone China.

Edit the basic features of this paragraph

The two basic features of bone China are the essential basis for distinguishing bone China from other porcelains. Feature 1: Bone charcoal content is above 36% (national standard); Feature 2: It is made by secondary firing (plain firing and glaze firing).

Edit this paragraph of modern bone China

The source of bone China is the only kind of porcelain invented by westerners in the world, and it has been highly valued. In fact, the appearance of bone China is purely accidental. Strictly speaking, it is an unexpected result of unsuccessful imitation. The history of China in Cambridge describes the invention of bone China as follows: ancient China ceramics are of great value in the west, and its export history can even be traced back to two thousand years ago. In Europe, the imitation of ceramics has never stopped, but the real breakthrough is attributed to the development of Venice glass industry. Today, it is known that ceramics are composed of enamel layer, bonding layer and internal clay layer. One of the most difficult to imitate is the enamel layer. Lead glass was invented by Venetians in the 15th century, and many attempts have been made in this field since then. It has been found that the enamel layer of ceramics is somewhat similar to glass. Around the 17th century, the thin-walled porcelain from Jingdezhen, China, was introduced to Europe, which was a shocking invention. The China history book Tao Ji said that this kind of porcelain was "as thin as paper, as white as jade, as bright as a mirror and as loud as a chime". The European saying is: "thinner than paper, whiter than milk and more transparent than glass". This kind of porcelain is priceless in Europe. A piece of porcelain can even be exchanged for an army. What is even more amazing is that this kind of porcelain can even be made into lamps, but it has a more fantastic effect than glass lamps. In order to get the effect of "more transparent than glass", in 1794, British inventor William Watson added animal bone powder to clay. Calcium oxide can be obtained from bone meal after high temperature, which is a very mature technique in glass technology. In order to obtain the warm milky white of thin-walled porcelain, he added some aluminum powder. Today's technology tells us that calcium oxide is one of the most important fluxes in glass manufacturing, which can effectively reduce the softening temperature of silicon dioxide and form glass-like substances more easily. Alumina is a commonly used opacifying agent, which can even make glass appear opaque milky white. Soon, a European ceramic was invented. Although it is difficult to reach the thickness of thin-walled porcelain of about 1mm-2mm until today, and the color tone is slightly red, it can't really achieve high white color, but it is the only kind of porcelain invented in the West after all, and its appearance is revolutionary. This kind of ceramic is called "Bone China" because a large amount of animal bone powder is added in the firing, which means bone China. Today's bone China has been improved many times. The basic formula is six ashes and four porcelain stones, but it has gradually developed into fifty ashes, twenty-five porcelain stones and twenty-five clay, and it has been regarded as the standard formula in Britain until today. Bone China furniture

has the same standard as artificial crystal. According to international standards, ceramics containing more than 25% calcium oxide can be called bone China. Because it was founded in Britain, and the yield of early bone China was very low, it has long been a special porcelain for the British royal family and is highly respected. Today, due to the needs of industrialization and the development of science and technology, people no longer put in animal bone powder, but use the compound formula of calcium oxide and alumina, so that bone China can be owned by more people. However, the production of a few high-grade bone China still uses some raw materials such as bone powder, and the value is generally hundreds of pounds or even higher. Observe the bone China in a bright place, and the bone China products with meticulous composition, light transmission and no impurities are the first choice. Bone China, like ceramics, is graded, which usually depends on the texture of the material, manufacturing technology and painting design. The higher the number of bone China, the more difficult it is to make and the more expensive the finished product is.

Features of bone China edited in this paragraph

1 The appearance is beautiful: the porcelain is delicate and transparent, the shape is beautiful and elegant, the color surface is moist as jade, and the flower surface is colorful. 2 High-grade: produced in Britain, it has long been a special porcelain for the British royal family and nobles, and it is the only recognized high-grade porcelain in the world, which has both the use and artistic value, is a symbol of rights and status, and is known as the king of porcelain. Health products: calcium oxide is mainly used in the production of bone China, and the flower decoration and glaze of bone China are integrated, which does not contain lead and cadmium harmful to human body. It can be called "green porcelain" and is beneficial to human health after long-term use. Fine workmanship: secondary firing, complicated process, only produced in Britain, South Korea, China, Japan, Germany, Russia and Thailand. Bone porcelain is light, fine and hard (twice as hard as daily-use porcelain), not easy to wear and break, and it does not crack once after heat exchange in water at 181℃ and 21℃, and its water absorption rate is less than 1.113%.

Edit the introduction of bone China in this paragraph

Bone China was originally called bone powder porcelain, which is referred to as bone China for short. The so-called bone China is a porcelain clay mixed with bone powder and Shi Ying, which is light in texture and milky white. When the porcelain is placed in light, it can transmit light faintly. Bone China is made by adding animal bone powder, and internationally recognized as high-quality bone China (fine bone China). The greater the bone content, the easier it is to burn and crack in the production process, so the more expensive the finished product is. The finished bone China is light, fine and hard (twice as hard as daily-use porcelain), not easy to wear and break, with moderate light transmittance and heat preservation, and its color is natural milky white unique to natural bone powder, or slightly milky yellow.

past lives's

summary of bone China edited in this paragraph

Bone China is exquisite in materials, fine in production and strict in standards, and its regularity, whiteness, transparency, thermal stability and other physical and chemical indicators are extremely demanding. At the end of the 7th century and the beginning of the 8th century, porcelain was always the patent of China. After the industrial revolution, modern Europe gradually formed its own porcelain-making technology in the development of Venetian glass technology. They not only copied blue-and-white porcelain and colored porcelain from China, but also developed many kinds of high-quality porcelain. Bone China Coffee

In the 1981s, Tangshan, China successfully burned the first batch of internationally recognized bone China products and exported them in large quantities. Bone China Chinese and Western tableware has become a necessary choice for upgrading major star-rated hotels because of its high quality, high style and high taste. Well-known catering units such as Shangri-La Hotel in Beijing, Hilton Hotel in Beijing, Quanjude Hotel in Beijing, Sheraton Hotel in Suzhou, Hadmen Hotel in Qingdao and Zhongnanhai State Guesthouse have adopted bone China products and won consumers' love. In recent years, bone China tea sets, coffee sets, household tableware and bone China handicrafts have become ideal appliances for companies of all sizes and middle-class families, and even the best gifts for relatives and friends. Bone China has gradually become the main consumer of domestic high-grade porcelain in China. However, compared with the real China thin-embryo high-white enamel porcelain, there is still a certain gap in bone porcelain.

Features

◆ Porcelain is delicate, with soft whiteness and strong light transmission, showing a different texture and brightness from ordinary porcelain, and exudes noble temperament. ◆ The shape of the vessel is regular, the picture is bright and glazed, and the texture is better. ◆ Good thermal insulation: compared with traditional porcelain, bone porcelain has better thermal insulation, and it has more feelings when drinking coffee or making tea. ◆ Environmental protection porcelain: bone porcelain is mostly low-lead or lead-free products. In terms of product quality, it is on par with Europe and America. ◆ The strength is better, the matrix is thinner and the specific gravity is lighter: because the composition of bone China is different from that of ordinary porcelain, it can be thinner, tougher and more wear-resistant. However, due to the difficulty of high-temperature molding, the molding is a high rejection rate, which objectively leads to high prices. Bone China is milky white, soft and moist as jade. If you don't believe me, you can take a bone China cup or bowl and put it under the light. The glaze of bone China is smooth and crystal clear, and ordinary daily tableware can't compete with bone China at all; If you put a bone China bowl flat on your hand and flick it with your thumb and middle finger, you will hear a crunchy "ding", which is like a beautiful sound played by a musical instrument. Bone China is light and noble because of its thin quality.

Maintenance

1: Choose a dishwasher with "porcelain and crystal" washing function. 2. Porcelain decorated with gold and platinum edges should not be heated in the microwave oven. Bone China products

3: The PH value of the lotion should be between 11 and 11.5, and the water temperature should not exceed 81℃ when it is washed with clean water. 4. Do not directly immerse the hot cup in cold water, so as to avoid damage to porcelain caused by rapid temperature change. 5: If there are scratches, you can polish them with toothpaste. 6: If there are tea stains, you can clean them with lemon juice or vinegar. Real high-grade bone China tableware is absolutely not allowed to have so-called obvious spots, slag falling, deformation and other defects, please pay attention to the buyer's identification.

different raw materials are used to identify

1. Bone powder is added to bone China by more than 41%, while bone powder is not added to new bone China. 2. Bone China is fired several times, while new bone China is fired once. 3. Bone China is softer in whiteness, more transparent, lighter in porcelain and far better in appearance than new bone China. 4. In a word, new bone China is not a new variety of bone China, but a name, and its price is just borrowed.

edit this paragraph in English

bone china: bone China: it is also bone China, but after the bone China market was messed up, some exporters distinguished it with fine bone china to show the difference in quality. Fake bone China means new bone china, or similar bone China and fine bone china, both of which are real bone China. Bone china is often used in spoken language, but when making base labels and stickers, customers generally require finebone china. new bone china to be translated into fake bone China, which is not pleasant to hear. Now it is usually translated into imitation bone China. (Century Golden Flower) This is a very popular tableware with various colors. Beautiful flowers must be loved by young women. Japanese-style modeling is also very unique, all of which show the nobility of the owner.

editing this section of bone China

The formation of bone China mainly depends on silica, alumina and calcium oxide, and the higher the content of calcium oxide, the better the color. In nature, there are not many sources of calcium oxide, so animal bone meal is chosen as the source of calcium oxide. Bone China Tableware

In fact, the so-called bone China is a bone China product made from the ashes of herbivores (mainly Ca3(PO4)2), mixed with high-quality kaolin, Shi Ying and other accessories, and glazed at 1281℃. Generally speaking, bone China can be called by adding 25% bone powder to raw materials, but it is recognized that the bone China with the best texture in the world today is 45%-51% bone powder, and cow bone is the best. Its manufacturing process includes grouting, mold pressing embryo, gypsum mold dehydration, primary firing, glaze firing, decal paper baking and other processes. After high temperature firing, it becomes porcelain with high whiteness, high transparency and fine porcelain quality. In the firing process of bone China, the requirements for its regularity, whiteness, transparency, thermal stability and other physical and chemical indicators are extremely high, resulting in a high rejection rate. Because of its exquisite materials, fine production and strict standards, its value is higher than other porcelain types. With the unique firing process and the addition of bone carbon, the impurities in the porcelain clay are eliminated, and the bone porcelain is whiter, more delicate, transparent, lighter, with few defects, thinner than ordinary porcelain, and has a special sense of cleanliness visually, and its strength is higher than that of ordinary porcelain and twice that of daily-use porcelain. The higher the content of bone powder, the lower the composition of clay, and the easier it is to burn and crack in the production process. It requires higher technology in forming and increases the difficulty of firing, so it is more precious. Someone has done such an experiment, and put four bone China cups under a Rolls-Royce wheel. These four crystal cups are competent to support the weight of the RV! High-grade porcelain includes shell porcelain and pearl china, which are similar to bone porcelain. Because of the high cost, there is almost no industrial production, so bone porcelain is recognized as the highest-grade porcelain in the world. (Imperial Garden) fully shows the master's domineering and enjoys the glory of the emperor. Even in the dark, it can't stop his noble light from playing and collecting: 1. The British royal family and upper-middle-class Americans drink tea and use bone China cups. The moment you met bone China, the aristocratic temperament in her bones was inadvertently revealed ... 2. Ceramics originated in China, but bone China originated in Britain. It was once a special porcelain for the British royal family for a long time, and it was unique in beauty. Even now, bone China is also a symbol of the owner's identity and status. 3. A person who collects bone China once said that we should communicate with bone China by touch, vision and hearing. If you don't understand, you should hold the bone China in your hand, observe the transparency of the bone China in the light, feel the delicacy and hardness of the bone China with your hands, and then gently flick it with your index finger and thumb, and you can hear the bone China "ding" crunchy. (Post Road bloom) When eating is not just full, when eating becomes a lifestyle, what to eat is no longer our concern, but where to eat has become a self-evident judgment, a taste, an emotional appeal, a kind of enjoyment and an identity ... The favorite thing of the royal family, the British royal family and the upper-middle class people in the United States drink tea and use bone China cups. It has been favored by the British royal family for more than 211 years, Queen Elizabeth and Queen Elizabeth. The moment you meet bone China, the aristocratic temperament contained in her bones is inadvertently revealed. Bone China has been shining brilliantly in the royal family in Europe since the Enlightenment era in the 8th century, and it has become a delicate bone on the noble table. Bone China has been used by the British royal family for nearly 251 years, and the Russian bone China tableware

Queen Kesha Rose Sebert Lin is also a loyal supporter of bone China. She once owned 952 pieces of bone China. From the banquet of President Roosevelt's White House in 1912, to the maiden voyage of the luxury cruise ship Queen Mary in 1935, to the coronation ceremony of Queen Elizabeth in 1953, bone China tableware was always proudly listed in the history books. In ordinary people who pay attention to the quality of life in Europe, it is easy to see an elegant hostess brewing scented tea with bone China. The gentle golden edge just outlines the details of a perfect life. Be favored by the royal family and cast a name