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Construction of small towns 1

First, the concept of small towns: small towns refer to a transitional community that is changing from a rural society to a modern city where various industries coexist. Small towns in a broad sense include small cities with a population of less than 211,111, established towns approved by the state, market towns (township towns) where the township government is located, and market towns that are purely fair trade. It is different from large and medium-sized cities and villages, and has a certain scale of residential areas where people mainly engage in non-agricultural production activities. Small towns in a narrow sense include established towns and market towns below the county level.

second, the classification of small towns: according to the administrative system: local resident, county, towns below the county level and market towns

according to the formation reasons: economically developed; Developed transportation; Small towns using natural resources;

classified according to functional characteristics: industrial and mining towns, small towns with transportation functions, tourist towns and satellite towns.

Third, the significance of the construction of small towns

Background of the strategy of developing small towns: China will enter the "fast lane" of urbanization, and it is estimated that the national urbanization level will reach more than 51% by 2131, basically completing the social structure change process from a traditional agricultural society to a modern urban society.

1. the construction of small towns and the problems concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers: the development of small towns is in an important transition period, which is of great significance to the overall solution of the problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, especially to the transfer of surplus agricultural labor.

2. Coordinated development of small towns and large, medium and small cities: megacities and big cities should be the leaders and centers, small cities and small towns should be the foundation, and medium-sized cities should be the link, so that they can form an organic whole that is interdependent, coordinated and internally related.

3. Developing small towns is an inevitable choice for China's urbanization at the present stage

4. Functions of small towns

1. "Reservoir" and "throttle gate" of rural surplus labor force

At present, there are about 211 million surplus labor forces in rural areas in China, and there are more than 71 big cities with a population of over 511,111, so it is very difficult to arrange such a huge surplus labor force. Developing small towns, allowing wealthy farmers to invest and set up factories and businesses in small towns, and developing secondary and tertiary industries can increase employment space and become a breakthrough for rural labor transfer.

2. Small towns are the "balance pole" for the coordinated development of urban and rural areas

Without the full development of small towns, there will be no coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Small towns are at the intersection of urban and rural integration and have both urban and rural characteristics. It has the function of connecting the preceding with the following, spreading the city's ideas, technical information and management experience to the vast rural areas, and becoming a medium for hundreds of millions of farmers in China to contact with urban civilization, which not only strengthens the connection between urban and rural areas, but also avoids the "development trap" of the expansion of big cities and the continuous decline of rural areas in many developing countries. Therefore, the development and construction of small towns is an inevitable process of urbanization with China characteristics.

3. Small towns are the "propellants" of urbanization

4. Small towns are the "carriers" of spiritual civilization construction

Material civilization and spiritual civilization are closely related and promote each other. Rural industrialization and urbanization are conducive to improving the quality of residents. The construction of facilities with a certain level of cultural education, science and technology, health and information service in small towns can play an exemplary and guiding role in rural cultural education, science and technology, health and other aspects, and can effectively spread urban culture, lifestyle and scientific and technological knowledge to rural areas and become a valuable resource for promoting rural economic and social development.

five, the principle of small town construction: respect the law, step by step; According to local conditions, scientific planning, highlighting key points; Deepen reform and innovate mechanism; Overall planning and coordinated development

VI. Fei Xiaotong's theory of small towns

Fei Xiaotong first noticed the development of rural township enterprises in China after China implemented the reform and opening-up policy. He made a field investigation on the influence of the development of township enterprises and small towns on China's industrialization and urbanization, conducted sociological research, studied the relationship between rural, farmers and agricultural development and the development of township enterprises and small towns, and studied the driving force for the growth and change of modern small towns. Fei Xiaotong regards the influence of developing township enterprises and small towns in the local economic and social system as the basic framework of his conception of rural industrialization and urbanization.

The urbanization of China advocated by Fei Xiaotong is dominated by small towns and supplemented by large and medium-sized cities. Rural industrialization is the direct driving force for the development of small towns; Fei Xiaotong advocated "playing the chess game of living population", with two chess eyes: "One is to develop the population reservoir of small towns in the mainland, and the other is to evacuate the population to the sparsely populated border areas to develop resources. 1983 "Small Town? Re-exploration puts forward the concept of "economic development model", that is, starting from the whole, exploring the development background and conditions of each region and the development characteristics different from other regions formed on this basis. Fei Xiaotong pointed out that economic development has a geographical regional foundation. Different regions have different characteristics in economic development because of different natural, cultural and historical factors such as topography, resources, transportation and location.

VII. What is the driving force for the development of small towns?

rural industrialization is the direct driving force for the development of small towns; We should take the road of developing rural characteristic industries.

Homework 2

1. What are the challenges faced by the construction of small towns in China?

A: The construction of small towns in China will face the following challenges:

1) The relationship between the construction of small towns and economic development: how to change the situation that urbanization lags behind economic development;

2) small town construction and ecological environment protection: how to avoid the destruction of ecological environment;

3) small town construction and resource shortage; How to establish energy-saving small towns;

4) the contradiction between the construction of small towns and poverty, housing, traffic and crime;

5) small town construction and employment: how to solve the employment problem.

2. What are the opportunities for the construction of small towns in China?

A: The opportunities faced by the construction of small towns in China are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1) China's entry into WTO will accelerate the development of small towns in China. (1) economic globalization injects development funds into small towns; ② Accelerate the construction of small towns in the western region.

2) Abundance of agricultural products will help small towns break through the bottleneck of development. The circulation of agricultural products transcends national boundaries, breaking the shortage of agricultural products.

3) The breaking of urban-rural isolation barriers will help to make a substantial breakthrough in the construction of small towns. From urban-rural separation and urban-rural opposition to urban-rural integration and urban-rural integration.

3. What is the development trend of small towns?

A: In the future, the construction of small towns in China will show the following trends:

1) The number of small towns will be reduced, the quality will be improved and the scale will be expanded.

2) Existing small towns will be divided, some will develop into emerging small cities or medium-sized cities, and some will disappear.

3) The gap between the construction of small towns in the east and the west will be narrowed.

4) The status of township enterprises in the construction of small towns will undergo historic changes.

in short, with the gradual improvement of China's market economic system, the breaking of urban-rural barriers, and the favorable guidance of national policies, the construction of small towns in China will develop in depth, and finally realize the integration of urban and rural areas and complete the sacred mission entrusted by history.

4. Briefly explain the construction modes of small towns in different regions of China.

a: 1) the construction mode of small towns in the eastern region. The construction of small towns in eastern China is the most successful in the whole country. The most typical models are Sunan model in Jiangsu province, Wenzhou model in Zhejiang province and Pearl River Delta model in Guangdong province.

2) the small town construction mode in the eastern part of the central region. In some provinces in the economically developed areas of central China, the construction of small towns is in its infancy. The representative models are Nanyang City, Henan Province and Xiangfan City, Hubei Province.

3) the construction mode of small towns in the western region. There is a big gap between the western region and the eastern region. The construction modes of small towns in western China are mainly as follows: agricultural commercialization traction, industrial and mining dominance, tourism development, business center, transportation hub, border port, suburb, regional culture promotion, comprehensive development, corps reclamation and so on.

5. according to the mechanism, what are the construction modes of small towns in China?

a: 1) the government-led model.

2) urban radiation pattern.

3) resource development promotion mode.

4) Market-driven mode.

5) Tourism culture promotion mode.

6. Analyze the construction mode of a local small town.

a: yaolin town belongs to the tourism culture promotion mode. The former Yaolin Town, formerly known as Zhinan People's Commune, is located at the southern end of Zhinan Bridge, which is a rural area with less than 111 households, not to mention a small town at all. At the beginning of the development of Yaolin Wonderland in the late 1971s, the current location of Yaolin Town was called Dongqian Village. At that time, there were only a dozen shabby mud-walled houses, and more than a dozen farmers were scattered. With the development of Yaolin Wonderland, the number of tourists is increasing day by day, which promotes the development of catering, hotels, transportation, tourism commodities and other industries. The resident population, especially the non-agricultural population, has increased rapidly, and it was changed to Yaolin Town in the South People's Commune, and its location was moved to the original "Dongqian Village". After more than 21 years of construction and development, it has gradually developed into such a market town and become the political, economic and cultural center of the town. According to the idea of "focusing on industry, comprehensively developing agriculture and tourism" and relying on the advantages of tourism resources, the town party committee and government have successively launched a number of well-known scenic spots at home and abroad, such as Yaolin Wonderland, which ranks first among all caves in China, Red Lantern Country Home and Red Lantern Grandma's Home, which are integrated with leisure and vacation, with more than 1 million tourists per year. The town's economy has developed rapidly, forming a lumpy characteristic economy such as printing and packaging, food and beverage, knitting and clothing, wires and cables, hardware and machinery, etc. In 2111, the total industrial and agricultural output value was 651 million yuan, and the fiscal revenue was 13.15 million yuan, which was identified as a key industrial township by the county government for three consecutive years. In the new century, the town party committee and government are aiming at basically realizing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, seeking truth and being pragmatic, pioneering and enterprising, striving for the first class with one heart and one mind, and are moving towards the development goal of "an industrial town, a tourist town and a regional central town". Yaolin people are creating a better tomorrow with their hardworking hands.

Yaolin Town was merged from Yaolin Town, Bipu Township and Gaoxiang Township when the administrative division was adjusted in 2114.

Fuchunjiang Town belongs to the resource development promotion mode.

7. What are the driving forces for the development of small towns? What are the obstacles to the development of small towns?

A: The driving factors are:

1) The basic driving force of agriculture: ① food contribution; ② Contribution of raw materials; ③ Labor contribution; ④ Land contribution.

2) The core driving force of industry: the accumulation of production factors such as capital, manpower, technology and resources in a limited space has promoted the formation and development of small towns.

3) the motive force of the tertiary industry: transportation, commerce and catering services have promoted the improvement of rural urbanization (concept renewal, lifestyle change and quality of life improvement).

4) the motive force of agglomeration economy: the economic benefits or cost savings generated by the spatial concentration of enterprises and residents are the internal motive force for the scale expansion of small towns; Industrial agglomeration promotes population agglomeration and flows from remote and poor places to places with convenient transportation and wealth.

5) Motivation of comparative advantage: Agriculture is an industry with low comparative advantage. Driven by comparative advantage, agricultural production factors will inevitably flow to the non-agricultural sector through the external pull of the non-agricultural sector and the internal thrust of the agricultural sector.

6) the motive force of policy: ① the national macro-policy (the direction and road of small town development); (2) National special policies (land, household registration, industry and other policies); ③ Local policies (taxation, land use, industry and other policies).

7) the driving force of location advantage: convenient transportation, proximity to the market and proximity to resources.

the resistance factors are:

1) the resistance of rural labor quality (culture, technology and concept).

2) the resistance of the uncoordinated interaction between township enterprises and small towns (scattered distribution of enterprises leads to over-dense, over-scattered and small-scale distribution of small towns, sluggish production and sales, etc.).

3) the resistance of traditional culture (single family, natural dispersion, division everywhere, no organic connection with production and life).

4) External resistance of system and policy environment (conflict between the traditional old system of self-sufficiency and semi-self-sufficiency and the new system of market economy; The restriction of "leaving the soil and not leaving home"; Restriction of administrative management system).

8. Analyze the obstacles to the development of your small town, and put forward the solutions. Key points and ideas for answering questions: (Give full play to one's subjective will, and don't give a unified answer)

1) Brief introduction of your small town: For example, Yaolin Town is located in the middle of Tonglu County, which is formed by the merger of the original Yaolin Town, Bipu Township and Gaoxiang Township, 85 kilometers away from Hangzhou, and provincial highway 15 passes through the territory. It is a bright pearl on the tourist route from Hangzhou to Qiandao Lake and Huangshan Mountain. There are famous scenic spots such as Yaolin Wonderland, Grandma's home with red lanterns and Tianmu River rafting, and it is known as the first tourist town in China. The town covers a total area of 64.23 square kilometers, governs 13 administrative villages, and has a population of 2611. It is an advanced town in comprehensive management, a provincial health town, a provincial education town, a provincial green small town, and an advanced town in the country with a new trend of marriage and childbearing.

The former Yaolin Town was formerly known as Zhinan Commune, which is located at the southern end of the bridge. The original name of the town is Dongqian Village. When Yaolin Wonderland was developed, there were only a dozen mud-walled houses, and there were more than a dozen farmers scattered in scattered places. With the development of Yaolin Wonderland, it gradually developed into such a market town and became the political, economic and cultural center of the town.

since the reform and opening-up, the town party committee and government have successively launched a number of well-known scenic spots at home and abroad, such as Yaolin Wonderland, which ranks first among all caves in China, Red Lantern Rural Home and Red Lantern Grandma's Home, in accordance with the idea of "focusing on industry, comprehensively developing agriculture and tourism" and relying on the advantages of tourism resources, with annual tourists reaching more than 11 million. The town's economy has developed rapidly, forming a lumpy characteristic economy such as printing and packaging, food and beverage, knitting and clothing, wires and cables, hardware and machinery, etc. In 2111, the total industrial and agricultural output value was 651 million yuan, and the fiscal revenue was 13.15 million yuan, which was identified as a key industrial township by the county government for three consecutive years. In the new century, the town party committee and government are aiming at basically realizing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, seeking truth and being pragmatic, pioneering and enterprising, striving for the first class with one heart and one mind, and are moving towards the development goal of "an industrial town, a tourist town and a regional central town". Yaolin people are creating a better tomorrow with their hardworking hands.

2) Analyze according to the four aspects of resistance factors in Question 7;

3) Put forward countermeasures according to the seven aspects of dynamic factors in Question 7. (Note: We should grasp the key points)

1. The concept of small town construction planning

Small town construction planning is to make specific plans for the short-term construction and long-term development goals of small towns under the guidance of the overall planning of small towns. The task of small town construction planning is to determine the nature and development direction of small towns, predict the population and land use scale and structure based on the overall planning of small towns.