1. What is an oil field?
The total number of oil and gas reservoirs controlled by a single geological structure (or stratum) in the same oil and gas producing area. Oil and gas fields may have one or more oil and gas reservoirs. In the same area, oil fields are dominated by oil reservoirs, and gas fields are dominated by gas reservoirs. According to the geological factors controlling oil and gas production areas, oil and gas fields are divided into three categories: ① structural oil and gas fields. Refers to the oil and gas production areas controlled by a single structural factor, such as folds and faults. (2) Stratigraphic oil and gas fields, the oil-bearing area controlled by stratigraphic factors (such as stratigraphic unconformity, pinch-out and lithologic changes, etc.). ) is a regional anticline or monoclinic structure with background. ③ Composite oil and gas field. An oil and gas field that is not controlled by a single structural or stratigraphic factor, but by a variety of geological factors.
Second, the influencing factors of the oilfield:
The driving type of oil field is related to the choice of development mode. According to the oil storage situation, decide what power (natural energy or artificial pressure maintenance) to use to develop the oil field. The oil field driven by water pressure uses the energy of marginal high-pressure water to achieve the highest ultimate recovery ratio, which can reach 50-30%. ; Gas pressure drives the oil field, and the crude oil flows to the bottom of the well in the form of gas cap by the energy of gas, and the final recovery rate is 40-50%; Dissolved gas drives the oil field, and the gas separated from the oil layer expands to make the crude oil flow to the bottom of the well, and the final recovery ratio is only15-30%; Elastic flooding oil field, subject to rock pressure and oil compression, uses the power of reservoir depressurization to make the oil body expand and flow to the bottom of the well; ; Gravity drives the oilfield, and crude oil flows to the bottom of the well by its own gravity. The recovery ratio of the latter two oilfields is low. The difference of ultimate recovery ratio affects the utilization degree and investment effect of resources, directly affects the total investment and development speed of oilfield development, and of course directly affects the development value of oilfield, which plays a great role in oilfield layout. In addition, the well site layout should also be considered.
Including well site devices, gathering pipelines, oil pump stations and mine crude oil depots. This requires sufficient land area and connection with the national oil pipeline. If there is no vast area, it will inevitably affect the layout of the oil field. The geographical location of the oil field is also very important. Even if all the above conditions are met, the development of oil will be affected because the oil field is far away from the consumption area, which is not convenient for building oil pipelines and whether there is labor force. Therefore, when we lay out the oil field, we attach great importance to its geographical location, the distance from consumption areas and big ports, whether there is labor nearby and the state of transportation equipment nearby.