In ancient times, Wusong River, as the main channel to vent the flood waters of Taihu Lake, used to be the most important dry river in Shanghai, with a wide and vast river, "deep and wide enough to rival a thousand ports" (Song Jia Qiao said). However, during the Qingli period of the Northern Song Dynasty, due to the construction of the Wujiang Long Dike in the upper reaches of the river, the water source of the Wusong River was blocked. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Xia Yuanji dredged the Huangpu River as the main stream to divert the water from Taihu Lake to the sea, and at the same time, he diverted the Wusong River to the north to enter the Liujia River in Taicang. So the river, the Pu of a long time, so that the Wusong River channel increasingly shallow and gradually give way to the big Huangpu, and after more than five centuries of evolution, to the modern era has been degraded to a width of only 40-50 meters of an ordinary tributary.
Historically, benefiting from the superior shipping position of linking the fish and rice towns in the south of the Yangtze River as well as the north and south oceans through Wusongkou, Qinglong Town during the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the old county towns of Shanghai since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, have all relied on this river to grow and prosper. After the Opium War, Britain, France, the United States and other Western powers are precisely to see the convenient conditions of the river and the sea here, will come in droves, in the Suzhou River and the Huangpu River confluence of the boundaries of the lease. Less than half a century later, especially in the late Qing dynasty in the wave of modernization, Shanghai from the former modern a small county in the south of the dramatic leap into the country's largest city and industrial and commercial center.
So what was Suzhou Creek, the original framework for this cosmopolitan city, like more than 150 years before the city's modernization?
In fact, until the 1840s and 1850s, when the port was first opened, the Suzhou Creek and the Huangpu River were still a frustrating, marshy, reed-lined wasteland, with "the winds of autumn, the reeds are sparse, and the floodwaters return to the purple when the sun goes down"; and surrounded by a scattering of villages in a "vast, boundless plain of rice paddies". The surrounding villages are scattered in "a vast plain of rice paddies, in which are densely covered with innumerable small streams" (1844 missionary Rodang's letters).
The earliest known actual map of modern Shanghai is the Plan of the English Settlement (Plan of the English Settlement, Royal Geographical Society Collection, Figure 2, in Shanghai City Maps). It is worth noting that this map has labeled the Wusong River as the SooChow River, and the name SooChow River did not appear until the beginning of the modern era, when the British set up a lease in Shanghai, and they only knew that this river could be accessed through Suzhou to the hinterland of the south of the Yangtze River, and therefore, when they entered into an agreement on the expansion of the lease with the Shanghai Daodai, it was called the SooChow River, and the name was slowly spread later on.
Speaking of Suzhou Creek have to talk about the Suzhou Creek bridge, from the earliest 1672 in Fujian Road, rebuilt three holes stone gate into a bridge to the completion of the Qilianshan South Road Bridge in 2008, from the west to the east of the True North Road Bridge, Daduhe Road Bridge, Strong Jiajiao Pedestrian Bridge, the west side of Zhongshan Road Loop Stacked Bridge to the Huangpu River side of the Waibaidu Bridge, there are about more than 30 bridges. When a small county expansion network into a big Shanghai, Suzhou River bridge credit, how many refugees from the Soviet Union and Anhui fled the first snail under the bridge, the riverbank, built a shantytown. It was only then that the Chinese working class came out, creating Chinese national industry on both sides of the river.
The 1847-1848 period was only a few years after the British Concession was established in 1845. At that time, the urban development of the British Concession was roughly confined to the area along the Huangpu River in the east and Church Street in the west, from the Suzhou River beach in the north to the Yangjing River in the south (now Jinling East Road). At that time, there were many small rivers and beaches in the lease, the city is still a grassroots, dozens of Western buildings are mainly gathered in the Bund side of the Huangpu River, and the northern part of the lease along the Suzhou River is still a natural river scene, the northern end of the lease of the Suzhou River, and even did not see a bridge.
The anonymous map of Shanghai and its Suburbs. About 1853 (Shanghai and its Suburbs, c. 1853, fig. 3) clearly depicts the basic form of the city and the British, French, and American concessions, the internal administration, and the churches and temples in the city during or after the Dagger War. The picture shows that the first bridge has appeared at the mouth of Suzhou River into the Huangpu - Wells Bridge, which is the British Wells in the Qing Dynasty Xianfeng six years (1856) at the mouth of the Suzhou River erected a wooden bridge, because of its proximity to the river, "outside the ferry" and also known as the "outside the ferry bridge". The bridge is also known as the "outer ferry bridge" because of its proximity to the "outer ferry" on the river. In 1906, it was converted into an all-steel bridge, the Waibaidu Bridge, and became a landmark in Shanghai.
? The Qing dynasty Shanghai map is well measured and cleanly printed. The map really shows the historical landscape of the Suzhou River area at the time of Tongguang: at that time, the north bank of the river still has a lot of small creeks and beaches, and the banks of the river are curved, presenting the characteristics of the natural river, while the south bank has been well organized and complete, giving a person with the streets and roads, the wharf stood near the water, giving a person a thriving impression. River bridges and increase - that is, Zhapu Road Bridge, the bridge is the U.S. Episcopal Church Bishop Ponn (Wen Huikang) in the head of a pontoon bridge built by the ferry, it is in the "Qing Dynasty Shanghai map" published in 1873, the bridge was changed to a wooden bridge, then known as "head of the ferry bridge "It was in 1873 that the bridge was converted into a wooden bridge. And since then, Shanghai has entered the track of rapid urbanization.
Suzhou River bridge, from the earliest 1672 in Fujian Road to rebuild three holes in the stone gate into a bridge to the completion of the Qilianshan South Road Bridge in 2008, from west to east of the True North Road Bridge, Daduhe Road Bridge, Strong Jiajiao Pedestrian Bridge, West Zhongshan Road Loop Stacked Bridge to the Huangpu River side of the Waibaidu Bridge, there are about more than 30 bridges. When a small county expansion network into a big Shanghai, Suzhou River bridge is not to blame, how many refugees from the Soviet Union and Anhui fled the first snail under the bridge, the riverbank, built a shantytown. It was only then that the Chinese working class came out, creating Chinese national industry on both sides of the river.
The Suzhou River, originally named Wusong River, was the main sea channel of Taihu Lake before the Ming Dynasty, and Huangpu River was its tributary. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, because of the serious siltation of Wusong River, Xia Yuanji, the Minister of the Ministry of the Interior, dredged the tributaries on both sides of the north and south sides of the Wusong River, and drew the water of the Taihu Lake so that the Huangpu River flowed from Fuxing Island to the north to Wusongkou and entered into the Yangtze River, and the Wusong River became a tributary, so it has been said that "the Huangpu River has captured the Song River", and it is the only people in Shanghai who called the Shanghai section of the Wusong River Suzhou River after the opening of the port of Shanghai.
The historical space of Suzhou River is roughly divided into "three sections and one line", that is, the cultural landscape area in the east section, the creative area of warehouses in the middle section, and the industrial belt and cultural education area in the west section of Shanghai, and one line refers to the "bridge scenic line" on Suzhou River. Among them, the east section of the "cultural landscape area", mainly refers to the east of Henan Road Bridge to the downstream estuary of Suzhou Creek. Since this area was once the earliest area of the British and American Concession, it was the earliest developed and most westernized, and became the core area of New Shanghai. The Bund and the North Bund are located in this area, which is connected to the Bund to the south and an extension of the East Bund to the east, echoing the "Lujiazui of Puxi". Although, similar to the Bund, this area is also an important part of the "Universal Architecture Exposition" with its classic Western-style buildings, from the perspective of the function of the historical remains, the Bund is mainly focused on finance and trade, while the function of this area is based on diplomacy, culture and life services. This area has become an important part of the Bund's historical and cultural landscape protection zone as a whole, and is also a natural extension of the Bund's cultural tourism.
The "Warehouse Creative Zone" in the middle section refers to the area between Henan Road Bridge and Hengfeng Road Bridge. It was created in the 1920s mainly because of the need for some banks and money changers to develop their business. The cluster of warehouses in this area, together with other industrial buildings on both sides of the Suzhou Creek, had been playing their proper roles. Until the 1990s, a large number of factory buildings and warehouses were abandoned due to Shanghai's industrial transformation. After that, with the rise of real estate development fever, a large number of factory buildings and warehouses were demolished. After the media and academics appealed or ran, under the advocacy of some artists began to carry out a variety of conservation practices. For example, in 1998, Taiwanese architect Deng Kunyan rented the Du Yuesheng Warehouse on South Suzhou Road, which was built in the 1930s and was facing demolition, and set up a studio there. Liu Jidong, a designer who stayed in the U.S., rented a warehouse on the north bank of Suzhou Creek and set up a "Creative Warehouse", which had an impact for a while. Now, with the rise of creative parks on both sides of the Suzhou Creek, Shanghai "Soho" flourished, the transformation of abandoned neighborhoods to find a two-way street.
The area from Hengfeng Road Bridge to Beixinjing is the West Shanghai Industrial Zone. Especially in the vicinity of Changhua Road, relatively concentrated a number of influential enterprises, such as Fuxin Flour Mill, Shanghai Brewery, Shenxin Nine Factory, inside and outside the cotton textile mills, Shanghai Mint and so on. In recent years, the west of Shanghai industrial belt where the Putuo District proposed to build Suzhou Creek cultural corridor strategy, waterfront recreation, creative industries, a series of industrial museum construction as a hand, the former decline of the industrial belt is being revitalized.
In the western section of Suzhou Creek, amidst the hustle and bustle of the many industrial areas, there is also St. John's University (today's East China University of Political Science and Law), founded in 1879, and Daxia University (today's East China Normal University), founded in 1924. The St. John's campus was built across the Suzhou River, while Daxia was connected to the Suzhou River by a beautiful Riva Lida River. The two campuses have been through the ages, and the European-style buildings standing on the campus still seem to tell the story of the vicissitudes of the Suzhou River.
The protection of Suzhou Creek means not only the management and protection of the entire river basin, but also the transformation of industries, the revitalization of decaying areas, and the transformation of historical space into cultural space.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the water quality of Suzhou Creek, Huangpu River, and Dianshan Lake was measured by the then-concession authorities, and Suzhou Creek was ranked first in terms of water quality. But from the late 1920s, Suzhou River began to be polluted. The Zhabei Waterworks, built in 1914 near Hengfeng Road and using the Suzhou River as its source of water, had to be moved to Jungong Road in 1928 and switched to the Huangpu River. 1949 saw the transformation of Shanghai from a consumer city to an industrial city. The industrial plants on the banks of the Suzhou River became denser and the population continued to grow. According to statistics, by 1996, there were 1,430 factory enterprises in the whole area, and the population along the river reached 4.05 million. By 1978, the urban section of Suzhou Creek was completely black and smelly, and in August 1998, the foundation stone was laid for the first phase of the Suzhou Creek Regional River Sewage Project. Shanghai's per capita GDP was less than 4,000 U.S. dollars at that time, and there is still a lot of distance between the economic level of river sewage treatment and that of developed cities in Europe and the United States at the same time. At present, the comprehensive improvement of Suzhou Creek environment has completed three phases of the project, which has realized the synchronous improvement of the water quality of the lower reaches of the main stream of Suzhou Creek and the Huangpu River, and the synchronous improvement of the water quality of the tributaries and the water quality of the main stream of Suzhou Creek. The ecosystem of Suzhou Creek has been further restored.
In recent years, Putuo District comprehensively launched the Suzhou River Cultural Corridor construction project, this project by the cultural and creative industries zone, the bridge across the Suzhou River artistic transformation project, the Suzhou River lighting, greening and landscape engineering, water bus navigation project and museum construction project. Changfeng area was originally the Shanghai light industrial enterprise factory area, now transformed, high-grade business buildings, culture and art museums and halls adjacent to each other, along the river in the ecological green space of the Spark Museum, yacht clubs and water bus terminals and other staggered, and Hongqiao transportation hub across the Suzhou Creek and echo each other. Even the old Shanghai people don't know that there is such a 21st century business district by the Suzhou Creek in the west district of Shanghai. The emergence of Lujiazui and Hongqiao business districts had made Shanghai people's eyes light up, but after the prosperity, people always feel that something is missing. Changfeng Eco-Business District took shape and made people realize the meaning of the word "eco". The perfect combination of river, green space, buildings; office, shopping, leisure and cultural atmosphere of the harmonious gathering, so that people can work and live in the natural ecological environment, rich material civilization and rich spiritual and cultural life of the three-phase fusion of the "ideal mini-society". Look at the buildings rising up: Changfeng Financial Harbor, Guofeng Hotel, Huiyin Mingzun, Huahong Investment, Changfeng Scenic Plaza, Schneider Electric, Asia-Pacific Marriott Hotel and so on. There are Jackie Chan Film Art Museum, Changfeng Visual Art Museum, especially in the construction of the Shanghai Multinational Sourcing Center, with a total investment of 2 billion will be business, exhibitions, offices, business and catering in one, can host all kinds of international conferences and large-scale professional exhibitions and high-end business and cultural activities, will become China's largest multinational buyers for the world and China's imports and exports of the reverse sourcing event. Just by taking a quick look around, you can feel a new business district with international standard, sea style and focus on ecological environment.
The Suzhou River to the Waibaidu Bridge accumulates the essence of Shanghai ---- Bund Source, which symbolizes the former glory of Shanghai's landmarks after the transformation of the past three years more exudes her unique charm. One Bund is the former British Consulate, built in 1873, is the earliest existing Western building on the Bund. It is a typical English Renaissance-style country house with a perimeter porch and balcony, a two-story brick wall with carved windows, and a four-slope Chinese butterfly tile roof. Under the shade of lush old trees and surrounded by a wide lawn, the villa is characterized by tranquility, elegance and nobility. Inside the green space, there is also the site of a fortress where the Qing army fought against foreign enemies during the First Opium War. Some years ago when visiting students have visited, walking inside the feeling is different, remodeling insights have proposed to build for the Bund Museum, showing the children of Shanghai after the opening of the first rise in the East of the world footprints, but unfortunately now has been used as a financier's club, the general population is not to go into the ordinary people. However, it's not a bad idea to take a walk along Yuanmingyuan Road, the source of the Bund, which is a small piece of dark-colored Kowloon clear granite pavement, flanked on one side by eight classic buildings such as the Zhenguang Building, Lanxin Building, the YWCA Building, the Amperex Company, and the Gwangli Theatre, and on the east side by a church, a green space, and the Peninsula Hotel. Thinking of the Wenhui Building that originally stood here, in order to restore the original appearance of the Bund, a dozens of floors of a building that was built only ten years ago was torn down, which shows the boldness of those who were in charge of the government at that time. It is not difficult to see that this area will be the most fashionable and elegant neighborhood in Shanghai, but also to the Suzhou Creek culture injected a bit of rich and noble gas. You see, the elegant pedestrian street, the city's green space and the exquisite historical buildings along the street into one, wandering among them, not only can enjoy the beautiful landscape environment, but also feel the unique historical and cultural atmosphere of the Bund. It's more peaceful and tasteful than the fashionable Xintiandi.
The Sihang Warehouse is located on the north bank of Suzhou Creek in the south of Zhabei District of Shanghai, at the northwest corner of Xizang Road Bridge, at No. 117 Guangfu Road. It is a reinforced concrete structure of the six-storey building, created in 1931, was originally four banks - Jincheng, Zhongnan, Continental, Salt **** with the funding of the construction of warehouses, so it is known as the "four lines". Eight - 13" after the outbreak of the Battle of Songhu, eighty-eight divisions of five twenty-four regiment Xie Jinyuan, led by more than 400 men, defending the warehouse in the four lines, and the attacking Japanese fought for four days and four nights, killed more than 200 Japanese, wounded countless enemies, with flesh and blood to build a wall of iron, blocking the Japanese attack, successfully covered the retreat of the eighteenth division of the National Revolutionary Army to the west, the warehouse also became the history of the war of resistance, and the four lines, the four lines, the four lines of the warehouse, the four lines of the warehouse. Warehouse has also become a symbol of special commemorative significance in the history of the war. After years of baptism, now the four warehouses outside looks very simple, inside is a showroom, but also a patriotic education base in Shanghai.
On the other side of the Suzhou River is the factory and warehouse of the former Fuxin Flour Company. On the door plate, it is clearly written No. 423-433 Guangfu Road. The building is very distinctive, with a brick and wood structure of two to three floors, facing south, with red brick exterior walls, wooden columns, and wooden floor boards, making it very beautiful. Many people like to hike layer by layer from the first floor to the sixth floor of the West sideboard hall, into the old warehouse as if there is a feeling of entering the time tunnel. In 1912, the Rong brothers (Rong Zongjing and Rong Desheng) established the Fuxin Machine Flour Factory at No. 423-433 Guangfu Road. During the First World War, flour was in short supply, and the Rong brothers gained a lot of profit, and by 1921, they had grown to 8 flour mills. The "Hyosun" brand is the first registered trademark in the history of China's trademark registration.
The building at 1307 South Suzhou Road has a history as the private warehouse of Shanghai underworld tycoon Du Yuesheng. The building is the only old warehouse in China to be awarded the UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Cultural Heritage Conservation. The building is characterized by the essence of Shanghai's modern architecture, and is now planned by the government as the South Suzhou Creek Creative Industry Park, with a strong artistic atmosphere and a stylish and quaint environment. Now the ground floor of the front room opened a "bone china" store, inside the environment is elegant, things are very beautiful, is a little expensive. But it's very cheap, if you like to go in and take a look is also good.
An old British-style warehouse ----1929 "Diffractive Qingli" by the Xizang Road Bridge on the banks of the South Suzhou Creek is still as clear as ever, and is said to have been the property of Zhou Chunqing, the real estate king of the old Shanghai Bund. Diffractive Qing Li stone carving of the name of the alley, for the strong WeiBei body, it belongs to the early Shikumen alley. It is like an old man in time, witnessing the great changes in Shanghai Bund: the birth of China's first gas company, the "August 13th Incident" when the 800 brave men in the Sihang Warehouse fought against the Japanese, to meet the liberation of Shanghai and the newborn, reform and opening up since the radical changes ... ... It records the vicissitudes of the history of Su Zhou River. Carrying the responsibility of the cultural heritage of the waterfront. Now, after careful remodeling of the "Diffractive Qingli" British Culture and Creativity Park will retain the historical monuments, and the integration of modern flavor of the humanities landscape, the history and the present perfect integration into a whole, in which will give you the creative soul to add the power of crossing and inspiration!
Waibaidu Bridge is the first all-steel riveted bridge and the only remaining unequal-height truss bridge in China, and the fourth bridge to be completed at the same location near the mouth of the Suzhou River since 1856. Because of its location at the junction of the Suzhou River and the Huangpu River, it became an important transportation link between Huangpu and Hongkou.
The present Waibaidu Bridge was completed on January 20, 1908 and opened to traffic. Due to its rich history and unique design, the Waibaidu Bridge has become one of the icons of Shanghai, as well as a symbol of the city's modernization and industrialization. on February 15, 1994, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government listed the Waibaidu Bridge as one of the Outstanding Historical Preservation Buildings. [1] In an ever-changing city like Shanghai, Waibaidu Bridge still exudes a unique charm. Since its completion in 1908, the Waibaidu Bridge has been an integral part of the Shanghai skyline.
The Riverside Building is located at (Riverside Building). It was invested by Sassoon, designed by Kung Woo, and built by Xinshen, completed in 1935, with a floor area of 54,000 square meters. The building area of 54,000 square meters. It is a steel-concrete structure with eight floors (now 11 floors), facing north and south, in a modernist style. Based on the irregular terrain, the plan is arranged in a continuous "∽" shape, which not only coincides with the first English letter of Sassoon Bank, but also solves the problem of ventilation and lighting, which is difficult to be dealt with in the design of the building, which is situated in a narrow strip of land that is wide in the east and narrow in the west. Along the river fa?ade through the inner balcony and open small windows on the wall to form a contrast between reality and reality.
The octagonal tower is built at the top of the center corner. The walls are made of large fireproof sponge bricks. In the basement there is a heated swimming pool with a length of 15.5 meters, a width of 9 meters and a depth of 2.1 meters. There is about 150 square meters of green space in front of the building.
The building is the largest apartment building in Shanghai in terms of total area of a single building (then known as Asia's first apartment), and its "∽" plan shape design is unique, with the building facing the road on all sides, making it the earliest "water view residence" in Shanghai. In the early days, it was mainly rented by British and Americans as well as Spaniards, and after 1945, the American Columbia Pictures, MGM Pictures, the American Film Institute, LeiDenHua Pictures, and United States Pictures and other film organizations rented the apartment to set up their institutions. E.D." (the abbreviation of Elias David Sassoon) remains at the main entrance today. Due to the Jewish background of the building, the Shanghai Jewish Refugee Reception Center was established in 1938.
On February 15, 1994, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government declared the Riverside Apartments as a Shanghai Outstanding Historical Building.
The Shanghai Postal Museum is located at No.276, North Suzhou Road, Sichuan Road Bridge, which was formerly known as Shanghai Postal Bureau. One of the birthplaces of modern Chinese postal service in Shanghai, Shanghai Postal Museum was designed by Xiecheng Foreign Bank in 1922 and constructed by Xinfengji Building Factory, which was built on the original Jimei Lane land and completed in November 1924, and was listed as one of the top ten buildings in Shanghai at that time. It was listed as one of the top ten buildings in Shanghai at that time. It is located at No. 395 Tiantong Road, Hongkou District (Entrance 1) / No. 250 Beisuzhou Road, Hongkou District (Entrance 2, this gate is not open on Sundays). Located in the Shanghai Postal Building, a national key cultural relics protection unit and an excellent building in Shanghai, the Shanghai Postal Museum traces the origin and development of the postal service with informative historical materials and physical objects and the use of modern technology.
Shanghai Mansion was originally called "Broadway" (Broadway's phonetic translation) building, built by British businessmen in 1934. 1951 May 1 by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government renamed "Shanghai Mansion", is now a five-star licensed foreign-related hotels. Shanghai Mansion is now a licensed five-star foreign hotel.
Pujiang Hotel, formerly known as Licha Hotel, was built in 1846 (Qing Dynasty, Daoguang 26 years), is China's first Western hotel. The hotel is located on the east side of the famous landmark Waibaidu Bridge, covering an area of 4,580 square meters, with a total construction area of 16,563 square meters. There are 134 guest rooms and 400 dining seats.
In 1907 (Qing Dynasty - Guangxu 33), it was expanded into a neo-classical Victorian Baroque building, which can be roughly divided into five major parts, namely, Huangpu Road Building, Jinshan Road Building, Daiming Road Building, Zhonglou Building and Trading Hall, and the five major parts of the building are structurally linked together and maintain the original architectural style, which is the most luxurious Western hotel in Shanghai at that time and one of the most famous hotels in China and the Far East. It was the most luxurious Western business hotel in Shanghai at that time, and one of the most famous hotels in China and the Far East. Although it has gone through more than 150 years of historical changes, it still maintains its original architectural style and historical traces. It is like a historical monument standing tall, epitomizing the transformation of Shanghai.