Xi'an, translated in English as "Xi 'an", was translated as "Hsian" and "Sian" in the old days.

Xi' an is one of the world's four ancient civilizations (Xi' an, Cairo, Rome and Athens).

Xi' an, known as Chang' an and Jingzhao in ancient times, is known as "a golden city thousands of miles away, a land of abundance" in Historical Records, the center of China civilization and East Asian civilization, and enjoys the reputation of "the cradle of Chinese nation". It is not only the birthplace of the Chinese nation, but also one of the important human origins and prehistoric cultural centers in Asia. Founded by Zhou Wenwang, it was built in the 2nd century BC, with an uninterrupted history of urban development of more than 3,111 years. Twenty dynasties and regimes, including Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang, successively established their capitals here. It is the ancient capital of the 13 dynasty (say the 17 dynasty), the political, economic and cultural center of China and the earliest city to open to the outside world. The famous "Silk Road" starts from Xi 'an. In 1981, UNESCO designated Xi 'an as a "world famous historical city".

Xi' an is also known as Xijing, Xidu, Fengcheng and Doucheng, and is referred to as "pickaxe" for short. From ancient times to recent times, they used names: Tanjing, Haojing, Tangao, Xianyang, Chang 'an, Chang 'an, Jingzhao, Daxing, Yongxing, Fengyuan and Xijing, with "Chang 'an" being the most common and famous.

Xi' an, with 21 dynasties and regimes as its capital, is the capital with the largest number of dynasties, the longest capital and the most influential capital in the history of China. (yanliang district in Xi 'an itself is also the famous ancient capital of China-Liyang) Among these dynasties, the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, which once established Chang 'an as their capital, were the most prosperous times in China's history, when Chang 'an was an international metropolis. Chang 'an was the largest city in the world from 195 BC to 25 AD and from 637 AD to 914 AD. At the peak of its development, Chang 'an had a population of more than one million, which was the first city in human history to reach one million. Weiyang Palace in Chang 'an of Han Dynasty and Daming Palace in Chang 'an of Tang Dynasty were the most influential and magnificent palaces in the world at that time, and Tang Daming Palace was also the largest and most magnificent palace in ancient China, with an area of 4.5 times larger than that of the Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Later, other metropolitan cities in the world did not reach or exceed the height that Chang 'an once reached, and this fact remained until the 5th century (the position of the first city area remained even more until modern times). Chang 'an has always been the center of the world in its heyday, attracting a large number of foreign envoys and worshippers.

Today, Xi 'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province in the People's Republic of China, one of the 15 sub-provincial cities in China, one of the seven regional central cities in China, the industrial, commercial and financial center in northwest China, the largest central city in the Yellow River basin and the China section of the new Eurasian continental bridge. Xi 'an is also the largest and most important base of scientific research, higher education, national defense science and technology industry and high-tech industry in central and western China, an important machinery manufacturing center and textile industry center in China, a weapon manufacturing base of electronic information industry, and a core base of aviation industry and aerospace industry. It is one of the largest central cities with the strongest scientific and technological strength and the most complete industrial categories in the central and western regions of China. It is a dynamic inland new special zone, a financial center and transportation center in the central and western regions of China and the northern inland regions, a national special zone for overall planning of scientific and technological resources, eight national logistics bases and a comprehensive bonded zone, and the core of Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone. Xi 'an is defined by the state as a modern international metropolis.

won the title of "national health city, China excellent tourist city, China best managed city".

international telephone area code: 86-29

domestic telephone area code: 129

China postal code: 711111

car license plate number: Shaanxi A

Ethnic group: Han nationality accounts for 98.8% of the total population, and Xi 'an has 51 of the 56 ethnic groups in China. The Hui nationality has the largest population

City flower: pomegranate flower

City tree: China Huai

Landmark building: Big Wild Goose Pagoda Bell Tower Ming City Wall

Dialect: Sino-Tibetan Central Plains Mandarin-Shaanxi dialect

Average elevation: about 411 meters

Per capita GDP: 3,714 US dollars (2118)

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China National Time Service Center is located in Xi 'an

The origin of China is located in Jingyang County, near Xi 'an

Xi 'an is located on the 34th parallel of north latitude, which is equivalent to Lianyungang in the east of Jiangsu Province, which is located at the junction of the north and south of China, sitting on the Qinling Mountains. In Xi 'an, one step to the north is the Yellow River Basin, and one step to the south is the Yangtze River Basin. This unique geographical location is unique among the metropolises in China.

Therefore, Xi 'an has the warmest climate in the north, with an average annual temperature of 13.6 degrees, which is comparable to that of Nanjing, the northernmost city in the south, at 14.1 degrees. The annual temperature difference in Xi 'an is 26 degrees, and the annual temperature difference in four capital cities in China is 26 degrees, namely Xi 'an, Shanghai, Nanjing and Hefei (24 degrees in Hangzhou and 31 degrees in Beijing). Generally speaking, the farther south the city, the smaller annual range is.

[ Edit this paragraph] Administrative divisions

Xi 'an has jurisdiction over 9 municipal districts and 4 counties. The Municipal People's Government is located at No.159, North Yard Gate, Xi 'an, and its new address is located at Fengcheng No.8 Road, North National Economic and Technological Development Zone.

the total area of the jurisdiction is 9,983 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 1,166 square kilometers and the built-up area is 375 square kilometers (by the end of 2117, the built-up areas of Chang 'an District, Lintong District and yanliang district City were not included).

the resident population is 8,375,211 (by the end of 2118), of which the urban population is more than 5.7 million and the urban population is about 5 million.

● The new urban area covers an area of 31 square kilometers and has a population of 641,111. Located in the northeast of the city center, it spans the inside and outside of the city wall. It is named after the Qing Dynasty city (also known as the new city), one of the three old cities in Xi' an and one of the five urban core areas.

beilin district covers an area of 22 square kilometers and has a population of 831,111. Located in the south of the city center, it spans the inside and outside of the city wall. It is named after the forest of steles in Xi 'an, one of the three old cities in Xi 'an and one of the five urban core areas.

● Lianhu District covers an area of 38 square kilometers and has a population of 641,111. Located in the northwest of the city center, it spans the inside and outside of the city wall. It is named after Lianhu Park in China, one of the three old cities in Xi 'an and one of the five urban core areas. There are 81 thousand Hui people living in the southwest of the city wall;

● Yanta District covers an area of 1.52 square kilometers and has a population of 1.12 million. Located in the south of the city, named after the Wild Goose Pagoda in China, it is the location of Xi 'an national high-tech industrial development zone, Xi 'an Qujiang national cultural industry demonstration zone and one of the five urban core areas in Xi 'an.

● weiyang district covers an area of 262 square kilometers and has a population of 591,111. Located in the northwest of the city, it is named after the Weiyang Palace site in Chang 'an City of Han Dynasty. It is the location of Xi 'an National Economic and Technological Development Zone, Daming Palace National Heritage Park and Chang 'an City Site of Han Dynasty. One of the five urban core areas. The new administrative center of Xi 'an is established here, which is the new center of Xi 'an city in the future.

● Baqiao District covers an area of 322 square kilometers and has a population of 551,111. Located in the eastern part of the city, named after the site of the ancient Baqiao Bridge in China, Xi 'an Chanba Ecological Zone, Xi 'an International Port Area and the site of the Eurasian Economic Forum are located; It is an important textile industry base in China;

yanliang district covers an area of 241 square kilometers and has a population of 251,111. Located in the northeast of the urban area, 61 kilometers away from the city center, named after the idiom "Yan Liangshan", it is the largest aviation city in Asia, with Yan Liang National Aviation High-tech Industrial Base in Xi 'an;

● Lintong District covers an area of 898 square kilometers and has a population of 671,111. Located in the east of the urban area, it is named after the linhe and Tonghe rivers in the territory. There are the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, Huaqingchi, Lishan and the former site of the Xi 'an Incident.

● Chang 'an District covers an area of 1,583 square kilometers and has a population of 1.13 million. Located in the south and west of the city, there are University Town and Xi 'an National Civil Aerospace Industry Base in the north of Chang 'an District, Zhoufeng Gaocheng Site and Kunming Pool Site in the west, Qinling Mountain in the south and Cuihuashan World Geopark in the south. In 2112, Chang 'an County was abolished and Chang 'an District was established, and the regional economy developed rapidly. People's government in weiqu town.

● Lantian county covers an area of 1,976 square kilometers and has a population of 631,111. People's government in Languan town.

● zhouzhi county covers an area of 2,956 square kilometers and has a population of 561,111. People's government in erqu town.

● Huxian county covers an area of 1,213 square kilometers and has a population of 561,111. People's Government in Ganting Town.

● Gaoling County covers an area of 291 square kilometers and has a population of 271,111. People's government in Luyuan town. The new Jingwei District will be approved soon, and Gaoling County will become the 11th district in Xi 'an.

Xi' an also has seven demonstration development zones and bases for coordinating urban and rural resources reform, collectively referred to as "four districts, one port and two bases". They are:

National Xi 'an Economic and Technological Development Zone

National Xi 'an High-tech Industrial Development Zone

Xi 'an Qujiang New District (Xi 'an Qujiang National Cultural Industry Demonstration Zone)

Xi 'an Chanba Ecological Zone (Xi 'an Chanba National Water Ecological Protection and Restoration Pilot)

Xi 'an International Port Area

Xi 'an Yan. As the core engine of Guanzhong-Tianshui urban agglomeration, in the national planning, Xi 'an also includes Xianyang City (Qindu District and Weicheng District), Xingping City, Wugong County, Gan County, Liquan County, Jingyang County and Sanyuan County. Yangling National Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone (Yangling District) Zone 1; Together with the thirteen districts and counties under the jurisdiction of Xi 'an, there are 22 administrative districts (twelve districts, one county-level city and nine counties) with a total area of 14,985 square kilometers and a total population of over 12 million.

[ Edit this paragraph] Humanistic Chang 'an

As the birthplace of Chinese civilization, Xi 'an has a long history and rich cultural accumulation, and it is the first batch of national historical and cultural cities promulgated by the Chinese people.

Eight scenic spots in Guanzhong

In the forest of steles in Xi 'an, there is a stone tablet in Qing Dynasty that records eight famous scenic spots in Guanzhong with Xi 'an as the center. They are called Eight Scenic Spots in Guanzhong, also known as Eight Scenic Spots in Chang 'an. These eight scenes are:

Huayue Xianzhang and the evening photos of Lishan Mountain.

the willow wind and snow, Qujiang flowing drinking.

Yanta Morning Bell and Xianyang Gudu.

the thatched cottage is smoky and covered with white snow.

Shaanxi Opera

Shaanxi Opera, which is popular in Shaanxi and Northwest China, is also called "Bangzi Opera". It is the oldest, richest and largest vocal cavity system among the four major vocal cavities of China Opera.

dialect

Shaanxi dialect, a northwest dialect represented by Xi 'an dialect, belongs to the Central Plains Mandarin, with a long history and profound connotation.

Chang' an Painting School

The Chang' an Painting School in China's traditional Chinese painting, the Guanzhong Shadow Play originated before the Han Dynasty, the Shaanxi Puppet Show originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the colorful Huxian peasant paintings are all indispensable and important components of Xi' an culture.

1. The origin of a name in Xi 'an

Xi 'an was called "Feng Gao" in the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Fenghao" is the collective name of Fengjing and Haojing built by Zhou Wenwang and Zhou Wuwang respectively. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang made Guanzhong his capital, and took the meaning of Chang 'an Township as his name, which means "long-term stability".

After the opening of the Silk Road, Chang 'an became the center of oriental civilization. History says that "there is Rome in the west and Chang 'an in the east". In Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Sui, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, was once named "Duke of Daxing" by Emperor Zhou Mingdi, so the new capital was named "Daxing City", and Chang 'an was also called "Daxing City" in Sui Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the name of Chang 'an was restored. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was renamed as "Fengyuan City".

in the second year of hongwu in Ming dynasty (1369), the Ming government changed fengyuan road to Xi' an mansion, meaning "stable northwest". The name of Xi 'an came from this.

Xi' an, together with Athens, Rome and Cairo, is also known as the four ancient capitals in the world. From the 111 th century BC to modern times, there were 17 dynasties or regimes that established their capitals and regimes in Xi' an, which lasted for more than 1,111 years.

Xi' an was the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China for a long time from about 11BC to the end of the 9th century, and it has always been the seat of local administrative organs-Zhou, County, Fu, Lu, Province and Chang 'an and Xianning counties. In most dynasties, Xi 'an was under the jurisdiction of Jingzhaofu (county), a county-level organizational system. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingzhao was changed to Anxi Road (later changed to Fengyuan Road), and in the second year of Ming Hongwu (AD 1369), Fengyuan Road was abandoned to set up Xi 'an House, hence the name of Xi 'an. In 1928, the city was first established in Xi 'an. In 1948, it was changed from a provincial city to a city under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan of the National Government.

after the founding of the people's Republic of China, Xi' an was once a city under the jurisdiction of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region, the northwest administrative region, the central government, and a city with separate plans. Since 1954, it has been the capital of Shaanxi Province, and now it is a sub-provincial city with jurisdiction over nine districts and four counties.

in p>1981, UNESCO designated Xi' an as a world famous historical city.

2. Dynasty with its capital in Xi 'an

In the history of China, 21 regimes were regarded as having their capital in Xi 'an. But which of them should be called dynasty, and the capital of which dynasty should be regarded as Xi 'an, is a controversial issue. This is the difference in people's understanding of the concepts of "dynasty", "capital" and "capital", which leads to differences on which dynasties have their capitals in a certain place. At present, the official saying is 13 dynasties. In addition, there are mainly four kinds of different opinions: 11-dynasty, 11-dynasty, 12-dynasty, 14-dynasty and 17-dynasty. Among them, there are two versions of the specific dynasties of the 14 dynasty and the 17 dynasty.

11 Chao said

11 Chao-in chronological order: Western Zhou Dynasty (363 BC), Qin Dynasty (15 BC), Western Han Dynasty (212 BC), former Zhao Dynasty (11 BC), former Qin Dynasty (33 BC), later Qin Dynasty (34 BC) and Western Wei Dynasty (22 BC).

11 dynasty said

11 dynasty-on the basis of 11 dynasty, Wang Mang established a new dynasty (in the first 15 years).

12 Chao said

12 Chao-the Western Jin Dynasty (Emperor Yu for 4 years) was added to the 11 Chao.

13 Chao said

13 Chao —— On the basis of 12 Chao, the Eastern Han Dynasty (6 years in Xian Di) was added, among which the theory of 13 Chao was the most supported. It can be said that it is now recognized as the number of dynasties.

14 Chao said

14 Chao-there are two situations: (1) add Daxia Dynasty to 13 Chao; (2) Add Wu Zhou (2115) established by Wu Zetian on the basis of 13 Dynasty.

16 Chao said

16 Chao-On the basis of 13 Chao, make a new start regime established by Liu Xuan, Chimei regime established by Fan Chong and Liu Penzi and Daqi established by Huang Chao were added.

17 Chao said

17 Chao-there are two situations: (1) On the basis of the 1 th situation of 14 Chao, add the Dashun established by Wu Zhou, Daqi and Li Zicheng; (2) Add make a new start regime, Chimei regime, Daqihe Dashun on the basis of 13 Dynasty.

3. The relationship between Chang 'an and Xianyang in history

Historically, Xi 'an and Xianyang are the same city today. This can be seen from the relationship between Chang 'an and Xianyang in ancient times. Xi 'an and Xianyang are the two closest cities in China, which are 25 kilometers apart. At the same time, expressway, a city around Xi 'an, has been built in Xianyang, and the airport has been moved from Taoyuan in Xi 'an to Xianyang. 2116