Characteristics of equipment selection: the working parts and technical parameters of the equipment should adapt to the biological characteristics of the processed products and meet the processing requirements of the final products; Strictly control the processing equipment that causes raw materials and final products to be food or food raw materials during processing, and prevent the hygiene requirements of machinery or other materials for the final products; To avoid environmental pollution caused by emissions (slag, grain, pulp, liquid, gas, etc.). In the process of food processing, the contaminated discharge should be equipped with treatment equipment to meet the discharge requirements; For foods containing a variety of nutrients or medicinal ingredients, processing equipment should be considered to reduce the loss of nutrients or medicinal ingredients; We should attach importance to the comprehensive development of by-products and scraps, make full use of resources and improve economic benefits.
The main basis of equipment selection
Meet the requirements of relevant national industrial policies and standards: give priority to food machinery and equipment currently encouraged by the state, and focus on equipment with moderate scale, high technology content, good economic benefits and high resource utilization efficiency; It is forbidden to choose food machinery and equipment that is currently restricted and eliminated by the state. It is mainly forbidden to choose equipment that violates national laws and regulations, backward production methods, poor product quality, serious environmental pollution, high consumption of raw materials and energy, has been replaced by advanced and mature technologies, and seriously endangers production safety; Try to choose dynamic and advanced equipment and stereotyped products. First, equipment with international standards, advanced foreign standards and equivalent international standards should be selected, and then equipment with national standards, industry standards and enterprise standards should be selected. Technical conditions such as design, manufacture, installation and inspection of equipment should be restricted by existing basic standards, method standards and safety standards, which is conducive to the effective use of equipment and product quality.
Basic principles of equipment selection
Advanced technology: advanced equipment performance. It has the characteristics of high cost performance, perfect function, low operation and maintenance cost, low material and energy consumption per unit product, high processing degree and processing capacity, stable equipment operation, low investment and product cost, high production capacity and labor productivity, long service life and so on. Advanced technical level, high technical content, is conducive to promoting technological progress and improving competitiveness, has the basis of industrialization, can form a new economic growth point, in line with sustainable development; Advanced equipment level, reasonable equipment structure, excellent manufacturing, high degree of continuity, mechanization and automation, and high safety and health requirements.
Strong applicability: adapt to market changes. Adapting to the changes of local natural, economic and social conditions, the same production line hopes to carry out multi-level deep processing, which has the ability to adjust production and broad development prospects, and is conducive to opening up domestic and foreign markets; Match the characteristics of inputs, consider the supply of resources as a whole, and adapt to the processing requirements of raw materials and other auxiliary materials; When the selected equipment uses the same input, try to obtain a wider product portfolio than other equipment; Meet the process requirements, match the production capacity of the project, and match the main equipment and auxiliary equipment; Meet the process requirements and ensure the output and quality; Adapt to the construction scale and product scheme, and meet the requirements of use and maintenance under the existing technical conditions; Adapt to safety and environmental protection, ensure safe production and minimize the discharge of "three wastes"; According to the principle of ergonomics, the influence of equipment on the environment and operators is considered.
High reliability: high equipment maturity. Use fully verified and used equipment, do not risk using equipment that has been converted into production without pilot test, and do not blindly adopt new equipment that has not been produced or has technical problems left over; High production stability, no danger to personnel, no discharge of harmful substances exceeding the national standards to the workplace and the atmosphere, and no pollution such as noise, vibration and radiation exceeding the national standards. Long service life, and the equipment can work for a long time without help. The equipment can be repaired if there is a sanitary failure in use, but it cannot be repaired after it has been used to a certain extent. Equipment that is not specified clearly is generally considered as a design life of 20 years, and the service life is specified in detail.
Technical and economic rationality: the equipment selection should be based on the domestic market as far as possible, because the domestic equipment is cheap, so the domestic equipment selection should be considered as much as possible; If the domestic equipment cannot meet the process requirements, production requirements and quality requirements, then consider purchasing foreign equipment; Equipment configuration should be balanced and reasonable. Considering the comprehensive economy of the whole production line configuration, the equipment configuration and connection should be compact, balanced and coordinated to improve labor productivity. Improve the technical and economic value, compare the technical and economic schemes repeatedly, analyze the technical and economic benefits of each scheme, and choose the equipment selection scheme with small investment, low cost, high profit and reasonable economy.
Main contents of equipment selection
The technical part of equipment selection scheme: the assurance degree of equipment scheme to food processing, mainly including the satisfaction degree of equipment to construction scale and product scheme, and the assurance degree to food processing quality and production technology requirements; Equipment life, reliability, material consumption index, operation requirements, and the degree of guarantee of spare parts to the project; Technical conditions for equipment installation and commissioning, technical services for maintenance and satisfaction of equipment investment required by the project, etc. ; Equipment scheme matching requirements, the new technology and equipment adopted should be proved to be mature technologies through technical appraisal and industrial tests, and the equipment combination scheme should realize equipment matching in different production links, production equipment and auxiliary equipment, domestic equipment and imported equipment, and original equipment and new equipment. The production capacity of the equipment should be set according to the production scale, leaving appropriate room and adapting to the product output; According to the material requirements of the equipment scheme, the equipment and utensils used in the food processing area and those that may come into contact with food should be made of non-toxic, non-absorbent, corrosion-resistant materials that can withstand repeated cleaning and disinfection. Materials of equipment and pipelines that are in direct contact with materials should not react with materials. The surface in direct contact with the material should be smooth, straight, easy to clean and corrosion-resistant; According to the manufacturing requirements of the equipment scheme, the structure of food processing equipment should be able to prevent product pollution, and the product contact surface and inner packaging materials should be easy to clean, disinfect and maintain; The food contact surface should be smooth, free of depressions and cracks, so as to minimize the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, and pay attention to the safety protection of equipment configuration; When there is a contradiction between equipment safety and health measures and economic benefits, priority should be given to safety and health requirements.
Quality evaluation of equipment selection
The quality negotiation evaluation of equipment prototype is the quality control of the dynamic process of food machinery equipment selection and its implementation effect in the proposed project. Without scientific quality evaluation method of equipment selection, there will be no perfect and feasible equipment selection results. Therefore, effective and reasonable selection of food machinery and equipment plays an important role in the successful construction of food processing projects. The main contents of quality evaluation of equipment selection include information integrity, comparability of manufacturers, advanced technology, quality reliability, complete set matching, economic rationality, timeliness of supply and so on. The owner of the construction project should choose the appropriate bid evaluation method according to the actual situation and quality requirements. Based on the quality evaluation of equipment selection, the selection decision of food machinery and equipment is made. —— Henkel Machinery