Spring Festival
Lunar New Year is the most important of thousands of national festivals in China.
Festival is the beginning of this year, which is commonly known as "Chinese New Year". The first day of the year in ancient times was called New Year's Day, also known as Yuanchen, Mongolia, Yuanshuo and so on. Yuan began, once in the morning, Song Wu's animal breeding book, "Dream Liang Lu" said, "The first month of the first nine days, in the New Year's Festival, the popular call of the New Year's 1-year-old festival preface, this first person. "The first month after Qin Shihuang unified China, Meng Dongyue. "At first, it was obviously aboveboard." Why are people used to being marked by "positive" and obvious "signs"? This is from Qin Shihuang calling himself emperor. Because Qin Shihuang's surname won the same voice of politics, "politics" and "positive", and ordered the whole country to avoid the obvious "sign" of "positive" in the first month. Since then, people have stopped calling it "Celebration with the Whole People" and the obvious "Collection for a month". After ripening, it has been passed along to future generations. In the Han dynasty, Sima Qian's solar calendar was prepared for the lunar calendar, and the first month of each month was fixed in Mengchun. From the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the summer calendar was always used. Therefore, it is also called the lunar calendar, also known as the Lunar New Year, or the lunar calendar. In 1911, the revolution overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty and abolished the lunar calendar. People in China began to use the Gregorian calendar. The difference between the lunar calendar and the solar calendar is that the first month of the first lunar month is China Lunar New Year's Day, not a nickname.
what about the old New Year greetings?
the origin of China Lunar New Year
BR /> According to legend, a long time ago, the names of millions of youth years, please refer to the messy season, hope the season will be accurate. He went up the mountain to cut wood and sat under a big tree to rest in the shade. The moving shadow inspired him. He designed a sundial to measure the shadow of the sun for several days. However, the rainy fog in the sky affects the measurement. Later, the dripping spring on the cliff aroused his interest, and he had a five-story clepsydra in his hand. As time went on, he found that every time he exceeded 361 days, the length of the day would be repeated.
When the monarch was called Zu Yi, it was an unpredictable day, so he was very upset. Minister Jiao Ahong's name, in order to please the emperor, Zoucheng set up the roof dear God in the sky. Zu Yi has a point. They led the officials to heaven, but it didn't help. Ten thousand years ago, I knew that going to see the emperor couldn't tell the truth about the operation of the sun and the moon with the help of every summer instrument and Zu Yi. Zu Yi felt justified when he heard that he was happy. So ten thousand years ago, before the construction, the Sun and Moon Court of the Temple of Heaven was built, and a sundial platform and a leaky pot pavilion were built. 12 young man, serving for thousands of years.
Later, "Zu Yi Zhang Wannian said," I hope you can accurately measure the sun and the moon to calculate the accurate Chen Xi, and create a calendar for the interests of the people and face the world. ",Zu Yi sent a message to Ah Heng to understand the progress of the calendar for ten thousand years. When he boarded the altar of the sun and the moon, he saw the carved rock wall on the side of the Temple of Heaven:
Sunrise and Sunset 361
Start from scratch again and again.
Ge Mukulong pointed out four points.
Round 12 is one year old.
BR /> Seeing this, Ah Heng was uneasy when he learned that the calendar had been a poor success for thousands of years. He was extremely afraid that the monarch would blame the god who sacrificed himself for creating the calendar for thousands of years, so his conspirators sent assassins to get rid of thousands of years. The assassin sun and the moon climbed into the court and watched the stars on the court for thousands of years, ready to shoot. He said that the assassin was discovered by the guards and arrested on the spot. Zu Yi, after that, punished Aheng for boarding the Sun and Moon Court and personally visited it for thousands of years. Ten thousand years ago, pointing to the planetarium, Zu Yi said, "This is the second month. After the end of the old year, China began to pray for the monarch to set up a festival in the New Year. "Zu Yi said," The spring festival is called the Spring Festival.
winter goes and spring comes, year after year. Later, after thousands of years of long-term observation and careful calculation, an accurate solar calendar was formulated. When his solar calendar provides a successor to the monarch, it has sounded the silver need. The monarch was deeply moved. In order to commemorate the achievements of thousands of years, he named the solar calendar "Calendar" to seal the birthday stars of the sun and the moon for thousands of years. Later, people hung Shou Xingtu in the new year, according to legend, to commemorate the respected millennium. This is the origin of China Lunar New Year.
the age thing, first, the beginning of the year; At the beginning of the year, the first thing is the speech before the age of 21.
In the north and south of the country, in our towns and villages, and at the end of the twelfth lunar month, people begin to hold the "Spring Festival" New Year. A few years ago, markets everywhere were bustling and very lively. Stocking shop stalls, eating, wearing, using and playing, with silver and red seals marked "rice cakes", as well as New Year pictures, Spring Festival couplets, fireworks and incense sticks and other holiday items. A few years ago, the market was the richest and most complete year, and men, women and children were trying to buy some ideal goods. Especially for children, when buying firecrackers, they often can't wait for the new year to start to disperse and discharge, which adds to the atmosphere when the new year comes.
At the end of the year, I sang a folk song in Beijing:
Twenty-three, sweet melons stick;
24, spring cleaning day;
twenty-five tofu;
twenty-six, twenty-seven meats, to slaughter chickens;
28, flour hair;
29, Quan Xiang Dou;
31, sitting all night;
I came out on a hot New Year's Day.
lyrics description? Busy at the end of the year. Similar folk songs are popular in China.
Anxious
In China, the Spring Festival usually begins with offering sacrifices to stoves. The proverb "23 candied melons stick" refers to the so-called' official, three people and four boatmen 5' in the 23rd twelfth lunar month. It is said that this is the official and general private residence that makes a fuss in house boat on the 24th, 23rd or 24th, compared with the 25th.
, noise is a great influence, and it is a popular custom among the people in our country. In the old days, almost every kitchen was the tablet of "Kitchen God". People call this the "Bodhisattva in Siming District of Xiamen" or "Kitchen King Siming". It is said that he is the "Kitchen in Jiudong and Furnace Palace King in Siming District of Xiamen" sealed by the Jade Emperor, who is in charge of managing the kitchen fire and is worshipped by the protector. Most of the furnace king niches are located in the kitchens in the north or east, and the kitchen gods are like the kitchen where the people in the middle have no niches, and the statues are directly hung on the walls. Some statues only draw the kitchen god, some men and women 2, in the goddess' grandmother of the kitchen god. Is this a possible image, imitating human beings? Couple. Most of them are printed as the kitchen of this year's calendar, and the letters "owner of Siming District in the East Kitchen", "God of Human Monitoring" and "Head of the Family" are printed to show Vesta's status. Sticking on both sides, the couplet "God made it, the lower limit of security and peace" is to bless the peace of the whole family.
Kitchen God has been staying at home since last year's New Year's Eve for protection and monitoring; On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, the kitchen god ascended to heaven to report his whereabouts, the good deeds or evil deeds of the Jade Emperor's family, and the ceremony of the Song Dynasty was called "sending the kitchen away" or "resignation furnace". According to the report of the Kitchen God, the Jade Emperor will hand over the fate of good or ill luck to the kitchen in the new year. Therefore, a person who reports the Kitchen God is of great interest.
the delivery of stoves is usually held at dusk. The family comes to the kitchen first, and the shrine on the stove wall on the table is in the kitchen, with Buddha, caramel and candied melon on the surface. Bamboo strips are tied into a paper horse and then fed to the animals. Caramel worships Kitchen God and makes his old mouth sweet. In some places, sugar coating is also coated on one side around the kitchen mouth, saying, "Say good things, don't swear." This is God's kitchen with sugar in his mouth, so that he can not talk about bad things. In the Tang Dynasty, between "the record of the old age" and "the record of the drunken distiller's grains of Siming (the kitchen god). In the works of the mouth people of the sugar-coated kitchen god, they peeled off a statue, and paper and smoke rose into the sky. In some places, it was sesame stalks and pine branches piled up in the yard at night, and then the statue of the kitchen god was worshipped for a year, together with paper horses and fodder, and it was ignited and burned. The yard fire lit a bright family and kowtowed around the fire, praying at the same time:
From this year to the 23rd,
the king sent the kitchen ruler its demise.
strong horses, feed, <; BR/bon voyage. Sweet
candied melon is sweet,
jade is a good word.
In some places, there are beggars in disguise. The houses they go to sing songs and dance songs to send the kitchen king, which are called "Song is bad" in exchange for food.
The custom of sending stoves is very common in the north and south of China. Lu Xun wrote: "The Boxer sent stoves" poem:
Chicken gum and tooth candy. The typical costume is Hong Kong skin flap. :
with few possessions, the antelope is lonely.
He sent a ramble on Zao Ri. He said, "On that day in heaven, Zao Jun sold sugar and oranges in the street. We have this thing, but it is flat, like a small thick pancake, so-called" rubber-toothed cup ",claiming to treat Zao Jun to food and stick to his teeth, so he can be a parrot with a jade emperor's mouth. "Lu Xun's poem mentioned," The story of Antelope is understood from "Chinese pronunciation * * *": "The mysterious, negative side. One morning in February, the catering was the most filial grace, and the kitchen god saw the celebration of the child and worshipped again. The family Antelope had the same result. Naturally, Pat, the violent rich. Knowledge III then flourishes, and a day of worship in February often suggests: Antelope is strict. "Yin side to see the kitchen god, kill antelope sacrifice, and later made a fortune. Since then, the sacrifice of antelope has been customized and handed down from generation to generation.
during the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were quite a lot of sacrificial stoves. Fan Chengda, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote an extremely vivid description of the folk sacrifice to the kitchen stove at that time:
The twelfth lunar month was passed down in ancient times, and
Speak your mind about the kitchen god.
clouds, cars and horses linger, and
cups and discs are full of admiration.
The pig is well cooked and the fish is fresh,
The Gan Song bait with bean paste.
A man should provide a daughter to avoid as appropriate, and
Spray wine burns money and makes the stove happy.
You don't smell the struggle between handmaids and children.
You don't get angry when dogs and cats touch and foul.
It's easier to get lost and get drunk, and return
a long spoon and a short spoon
begging? Foot profit percentage points.
, the 13rd rush of the twelfth lunar month has a close relationship in the new year. Because, on New Year's Eve a week later, the Kitchen God gave a person good and bad luck, and other gods came to the world. The kitchen gods are considered to be leading the way for the gods in heaven. His gods in the sky, once again only a new New Year kitchen god, will stay in people's kitchens for a long time. Pick up the kitchen stove in order to meet the ritual called "receiving God". It is usually easier to pick up the stove at the Eve ceremony of the New Year than to just light a new stove, even if you burn incense before making a niche.
Say: "Men don't worship, and the moon woman doesn't offer sacrifices to the stove". In some places, women don't offer sacrifices to stoves, said Kitchen God. It looks like a pretty boy who is afraid of women's noise. There are men and women who are suspected of having a long history of the kitchen. Qualification Vesta is a very old folk god in China. As early as the Xia Dynasty, it was worshipped by folk gods. Ying Da, Hong Kong, sparsely recorded the ceremony according to this ancient book: "Rili, son of Zhuan Xu, Vulcan, offered sacrifice to the kitchen god." Zhuang characters. Great Sage "It reads:" Furnace steamed stuffed bun. "The phrase notes:" bun, Vesta, is a remarkable instrument, shaped like a beautiful woman. " The goal of Baopu Technology is to "record:" On a dark night, Vesta's paradise is white with guilt. "These records, the possible source is the urgent noise, or the" Suiren "of the kitchen god Spark; Or "fire official" Shennong; Or kitchen "element muscle Li Huangdi, or Vesta star Zhang, list, word Guo;" There are different gods. Theory. There is a rather interesting story circulating among the people.
Say, an ancient man, brother, elder brother Zhang was a stonemason, and my younger brother was a painter. My brother's life is good at plate furnace, East Street is invited, and West Square is invited to praise his high barrier furnace technology. The older one has a name, and a Fiona Fang nicknamed him "Zhang Zao Wang". It is said that Zhang Zao Wang also blames someone for obstructing the stove. In some cases, a person's family disputes and his interference. When he meets a rough daughter, Chinese and French, some of his neighbors advise him. When he meets a fierce mother-in-law, he will say, like an old elder. Later, everyone looked for him and respected him. The furnace king has been broadcast live for 71 years, only one night to end the twelfth lunar month. When Zhang Zao Wang died, the Zhang family could be very confused. It turned out that Zhang Zao Wang was the head of the family and listened to his orders. Now the eldest brother has passed away, and his younger brother's only poems and literary paintings have never been in charge of housework, although it has been 61 years. The daughters in several rooms clamored for separation, and the painter frowned helplessly all day. One day, he finally came up with a good idea On the anniversary of the death of the Kitchen King on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, at night, the portrait artist suddenly called the family members who woke up and said that Big Brother appeared. The whole family, his son and daughter-in-law lead the kitchen. I saw a dark kitchen wall and the appearance of the kitchen king and his late wife with flickering candlelight. The family was shocked. The painter said, "The dream of my sleeping brother and sister-in-law has become a fairy tale, and the jade emperor acted as him." You are usually lazy, sister-in-law, not a family upset caused by impiety and unfilial. Brother knows your troublesome separation and is angry. He is ready for God to announce the lower bound of his Jade Emperor's Eve to punish you. "The children's niece has been frightened by this, and now she is kneeling on the ground and kowtowing repeatedly to get a piece of stove where the kitchen king eats sweets on weekdays, pleading with the kitchen god for forgiveness. Since then, uncles and brothers, their daughters and sons-in-law have always been noisy and never dared to splash, so that families can live in safety and the young and the old can live in peace. Neighbors and friends around here all know that the public has come to Zhangjia to inquire about the actual situation. In fact, at night for 12 months, the king of 23 kitchen stoves on the wall was drawn in advance by a painter. He is a ghost town under the guise of big brother, scaring children's nephews and daughters-in-law. Unexpectedly, this method is really effective, so when the neighbors came to the painter to inquire, he had to pretend to be the image drawn by the kitchen king and distribute it to his family. Just as some people spread along the countryside, the kitchen of every household is marked with "the statue of the kitchen king" The passage of time forms a family, taking safety as the kitchen god and praying to the customs. The spread of urgent customization, since the palace of the Zhou Dynasty, will also be included in the twelfth lunar month of the festival, setting a standard furnace rule in China to become a fixed ceremony. After
holding the stove for sale, preparations are officially started to welcome the arrival of the New Year, and every year from the second day of the twelfth lunar month? From 13th to New Year's Eve, this period in China is called "Spring Day", also called "Dust-cleaning Day". Dust removal means year-end cleaning, with "spring cleaning" in north and "dust removal" in south. It is a traditional habit of our people to sweep the dust before the Spring Festival. On the occasion of the Spring Festival, families must clean up the environment, clean all kinds of appliances, remove and wash bedding and curtains, sweep the courtyard of Liulu, dust cobwebs and dredge open ditches. North and south, everywhere is filled with joy, engaged in healthy, clean air, a new spring.
sweeping dust
interestingly, there is a strange story about the ancient origin of sweeping dust. Legend has it that in ancient China, there were three corpse gods in the human body, who, like a shadow, were inseparable from people's whereabouts. Three-corpse gods like flatterers and gossips. Before the Jade Emperor, the earth was described as ugly. As time goes by, it gives people the impression that the jade emperor, the earth is a dirty world full of evil. Once. The mysterious curse of the three deaths was reported by the emperor as a rebellion paradise for mankind. The jade emperor was furious and made a decree.