commerce and trade circulation industry is an important part of modern service industry, an important window to reflect the economic development and social prosperity of a region, and a booster to start the market and promote the continuous upgrading of demand and consumption. Vigorously developing the commerce and trade circulation industry and speeding up the modernization of commerce and trade circulation in Hangzhou are the only way to transform the mode of economic growth and build a city of quality of life, and also the urgent need to cope with the current severe situation.
first, the connotation of circulation power and the importance of developing circulation industry
(first) the connotation of circulation power
Circulation power is the productivity in the circulation field. Circulation productivity should be the ability of society to transport products to consumption (including life and production). Specifically, it is the quantitative contrast between the living labor and materialized labor spent in the circulation field and the products that have been transferred to the consumption field in a certain period of time. The less the cost of living labor and materialized labor, the more products are transferred to the consumption field, which means that the circulation productivity is greater, and vice versa.
liquidity depends on circulation scale and marketing ability, that is, liquidity = circulation scale+marketing ability. The scale of circulation is hardware, and the marketing ability is software. The two are complementary and mutually conditional. Only when they are organically combined can circulation play its due role in economic development.
(II) Circulation is a booster of modern economy
Circulation is a window to reflect a country's economic prosperity, a barometer to observe a country's comprehensive national strength and people's living standards, and a booster to constantly start the market and promote the rising demand and consumption.
Planned economy determines consumption by production, and consumption is dominated by production, which often leads to seller's market and shortage economy. The market economy determines and drives production based on consumer demand. Efforts to meet immediate consumer demand, develop potential consumer demand and create future consumer demand have become the driving force for the continuous development of market economy. Circulation drives production, small circulation drives small production, large circulation drives large production, and modern circulation drives modern production. Modern circulation is the blood and nerve in the process of social reproduction, and it is the carrier of the assembly, integration and fusion of various production factors; It is a guiding force that determines the speed, quality and efficiency of economic operation. The establishment and development of modern large-scale circulation system by using high technology can promote the adjustment of industrial structure and improve labor productivity and the efficiency of economic operation.
(3) If a city wants to develop, circulation must go first
A city is the center of business flow, logistics, information flow, capital flow and people flow; The more developed the circulation, the more prosperous the city will be, and the more competitive, vital and radiant it will be. A basic law that has been proved by international experience is that modern cities are characterized by highly developed and mature businesses. The so-called highly developed business refers to the coexistence of various formats, complete enterprise facilities for business, information systems and service levels in a position, and a wide range of radiation; The so-called commercial maturity means that the leading commercial enterprises have obvious advantages and scientific management system, marketing technology and business philosophy. Only when the circulation is active can the economy be dynamic, and the continuous flow of factors and the re-optimization of allocation can be realized.
the core competitiveness of a city is mainly manifested in the unity of productivity and circulation. Namely: competitiveness = productivity × liquidity. Under the condition of relatively stable production, liquidity becomes the decisive factor. If the circulation force is less than 1, not only the local production capacity cannot be realized, but also the internal and external communication is blocked, which greatly weakens the competitiveness of the city. If the circulation force is greater than 1, it can not only make up for the shortage of local production capacity, but also greatly improve the radiation and influence of the city by promoting internal and external exchanges, complementary advantages and combined configuration.
the development of urban economy depends not only on the profits provided by the "new economic growth point", but also on the general appreciation of land, real estate, labor and infrastructure brought about by commercial prosperity. Singapore, which ranks among the top in the world competitiveness, mainly lies not in its production advantages, but in its strong circulation; Hong Kong has also become an international metropolis by "business". Therefore, the development of a city should not only pay attention to the development of production, but also pay attention to the investment and cultivation of liquidity. Only by raising the circulation industry to the height of giving priority to the development of industries can we promote the development of Hangzhou city, give full play to its various functions and enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of Hangzhou economy.
second, the development status and characteristics of the commerce and trade circulation industry in Hangzhou
since the beginning of the new century, with the rapid growth of economic development and consumer demand, the commerce and trade circulation industry in Hangzhou has made great progress and become an important industrial sector with high degree of marketization, strong vitality, rapid development and distinctive characteristics, which has played an important role in stimulating the sustained and healthy development of Hangzhou's economy. From October to September, 2118, the commercial circulation industry in Hangzhou achieved commodity sales of 639.58 billion yuan, an increase of 24% over the previous year, and realized an added value of 38.397 billion yuan, an increase of 16.6% over the previous year, accounting for 11.6% of Hangzhou's GDP, and its proportion was higher than that of the previous year. The overall benefit of the commerce and trade circulation industry has been improved, with a total profit of 7.39 billion yuan from October to September 2118, an increase of 27.8% over the previous year. A number of large enterprises with strong strength and rapid development play an important leading role in the commodity circulation in Hangzhou. From October to September, 2118, among the trading enterprises in Hangzhou, there were 778 trading enterprises with total sales exceeding 111 million yuan, with total assets of 223.22 billion yuan and total merchandise sales of 488.776 billion yuan, accounting for 87.5% and 92.1% of the wholesale and retail trading enterprises above designated size in Hangzhou respectively. The total profit was 7.346 billion yuan, accounting for 99.4% of the wholesale and retail enterprises above designated size in Hangzhou, showing strong strength and vigorous development vitality. Its development features are as follows:
(1) The circulation subjects are diversified and the private economy is developing rapidly. Commodity circulation industry is one of the first areas to implement reform and opening up, which has broken the monopoly of state-owned economic entities, gradually formed a pattern of multiple economic components, multiple circulation channels and multiple modes of operation, and established a new ownership structure of commercial circulation. From October to September, 2118, the proportion of state-owned and collective economy in the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Hangzhou has dropped from 1978 to 4.1%, and the proportion of non-state-owned and collective economy has reached 95.9%, of which the proportion of individual and private economy in the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Hangzhou has reached 57.1%, the proportion of joint-stock economy has reached 31.3%, and the proportion of foreign businessmen, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan has reached 8.5%. The private economy in the circulation field in Hangzhou has grown from scratch, from small to large, and is playing an increasingly important role in promoting economic development and increasing employment. From October to September 2118, the private economy in Hangzhou achieved a total retail sales of social consumer goods of RMB 112.357 billion, accounting for 89.1% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Hangzhou. Commodity sales reached 435.867 billion yuan, an increase of 21.3% over the same period of last year. Private enterprises have become the main force in the circulation field in Hangzhou. (see the table below)
enterprises and employees in wholesale and retail and catering industries at the end of September 2118
corporate units
(individuals)
corporate units
(individuals)
employees
(individuals)
total. Limited liability company
632
65837
State-owned
111
15766
Limited liability company
48
31147
Collective
52
3277
Private enterprise < Cooperative enterprises
9
2162
enterprises invested by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen
23
5764
joint ventures
11
411
foreign-invested enterprises
24
24987
(II) Industry structure Industry structure is a structural feature formed on the basis of the setting of circulation links and channels within the commercial circulation industry. The core part is composed of two parts: wholesale and retail. Its development level reflects the evolution and stage of the circulation industry, and its changing trend reflects the market allocation and operational efficiency of circulation channels. According to the statistics of commercial enterprises above designated size from October to September, 2118, the commodity circulation industry in Hangzhou is mainly composed of wholesale industry, with units and employees accounting for 72.1% and 47.2% respectively, followed by retail industry and catering industry, with units and employees accounting for 17.8% and 28% respectively, and catering industry accounting for only 11.1% and 24.8% respectively. Of the total merchandise sales in the wholesale and retail trade, the wholesale industry accounts for 88.5%, and the retail industry only accounts for 11.5%.
from the internal industry composition of wholesale, retail and catering, according to the statistics of commercial enterprises above designated size from October to September, 2118, wholesale owners should focus on three major industries: mineral products, building materials and chemical products, machinery, equipment, hardware, electricity and electronic products, textiles, clothing and daily necessities. The number of units in these three industries accounts for 85% of all wholesale industries, and the number of employees, total assets and sales account for 81.1% and 84.2% respectively. The retail industry is mainly concentrated in three industries: automobile and motorcycle fuel and spare parts retail, department store retail, household appliances and electronic products retail. The number of units in these three industries accounts for 76.2% of the total retail industry, and the number of employees, total assets and sales account for 79.2%, 78.1% and 83.5% respectively. The catering industry is mainly concentrated in the dinner service industry, accounting for 91.3% of the total catering industry, and the number of employees, total assets and turnover account for 51.4%, 81.2% and 54.5% of the total catering industry respectively.
(3) emerging business forms have sprung up everywhere, and chain operations have developed rapidly. In recent years, with the rapid economic growth in Hangzhou and the continuous improvement of residents' consumption level, multinational retail enterprises and large domestic chain enterprises have rushed to the Hangzhou market, basically forming a circulation pattern in which local chain enterprises, foreign chain enterprises and chain enterprises from other provinces go hand in hand, and new formats such as shopping malls, hypermarkets, supermarkets, convenience stores and specialty stores have developed strongly. By the end of September 2118, there were 113 retail and catering chain enterprises above designated size in Hangzhou, 81 more than the end of 2111. There are 5,317 stores in chain enterprises, a net increase of 5,111 compared with the end of 2111, and there are 14 chain enterprises with more than 1,111 stores. The sales revenue of 113 chain enterprises reached 37.887 billion yuan, an average annual increase of 42.7% compared with 2111. From October to September, 2118, there were 42 chain enterprises with sales revenue exceeding 111 million yuan, of which 7 enterprises exceeded 1 billion yuan. The modernization process of rural circulation is developing continuously. By the end of October, 2118, there were 181 chain supermarkets in the 136 towns and villages where the "Thousand Towns Chain Supermarket" project was carried out in Hangzhou, realizing the full coverage of the outlets of chain supermarkets in towns and villages. On the basis of full coverage of chain supermarkets in villages and towns, the focus of chain supermarkets has been extended and developed to convenience chain stores in administrative villages. Among 2124 administrative villages in Hangzhou, 2416 chain convenience stores have been opened in 1958 villages, with a coverage rate of 92.2%. The increasingly perfect retail format has greatly facilitated residents' lives, and consumers' shopping is more convenient and fast.
(4) The commodity trading market has developed rapidly and its position as a big market has been continuously consolidated. In the fierce market competition, Hangzhou's large-scale commodity trading market continues to maintain a good development trend, with the continuous expansion of trading scale and increasing radiation capacity, initially forming a large market and large circulation pattern, which has played an important role in promoting Hangzhou to accelerate the construction of the province's business center, expand the scale of commodity circulation, facilitate the lives of urban and rural residents, expand urban and rural employment, and promote the sustained and rapid development of the national economy. At the same time, with the rapid development of Hangzhou's economy, the pace of construction and transformation of Hangzhou's commodity trading market has been further accelerated, the level of hardware facilities has been continuously improved, and the supporting service functions have been further improved. By the end of September, 2118, there were 129 markets with a turnover of over 111 million yuan in Hangzhou, with a turnover of 172.534 billion yuan from October to September, 28 markets with a turnover of over 1 billion yuan, with a turnover of 141.961 billion yuan, accounting for 82.3% of the total turnover of markets with a turnover of over 111 million yuan, and 4 super-large markets with a turnover of over 11 billion yuan, with a turnover of 63.235 billion yuan, accounting for 36.5% of the total turnover of markets with a turnover of over 111 million yuan. The number, number of stalls, turnover and other major indicators of commodity trading markets with a price of over 111 million yuan in Hangzhou rank first in the province.
(5) The catering industry has sustained and rapid growth, which has become an important growth point to promote the development of the commercial circulation industry. With the improvement of the income level of urban and rural residents and the increasing number of people eating out, the catering industry in Hangzhou has maintained a rapid development trend. From October to September, 2118, the retail sales of catering industry in Hangzhou reached 12.746 billion yuan, up by 22.8% over the previous year, ranking first among all trades in commerce and trade, 2.3 percentage points higher than the wholesale and retail trade, 23.9 percentage points higher than other industries, 2.1 percentage points higher than the total retail sales of social consumer goods, accounting for 11.1% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods, and contributing 1.2% to the total retail sales of social consumer goods. The catering industry in Hangzhou has been expanding its business scale and increasing its business share, at the same time, it has accelerated the transformation from the traditional business model to the modern business model. At the end of September 2118, there were 21 chain restaurants above designated size in Hangzhou, with 781 chain stores, with a turnover of 3.733 billion yuan. A number of brands of catering enterprises, such as "Zhiweiguan", "Flower City" and "Grandma's Home", have emerged, which are well-known in Hangzhou. Western-style fast food, represented by KFC and McDonald's, has expanded rapidly. Western-style restaurants and various tea shops that operate hamburgers and pizzas have blossomed everywhere, and businesses in cafes, cold drinks shops, bars and leisure bars are booming. A variety of Chinese and Western restaurants, hotels, fast-food cafeterias, take-away meals, shopping malls and supermarkets, food courts, as well as small restaurants and exotic snack bars all over urban and rural areas have greatly enriched consumers' lives and met the needs of different consumption levels.
III. Main Contradictions and Challenges Faced by the Development of Commerce and Trade Circulation Industry
Although the commerce and trade circulation industry in Hangzhou has developed rapidly, on the whole, it still can't meet the needs of Hangzhou's economic development and faces many difficulties and challenges. Compared with developed countries (regions) and domestic advanced cities, there is still a gap.
(1) The declining consumption tendency of urban residents restricts development. Since 2111, although the retail sales of social consumer goods in Hangzhou have been rising year by year, the consumption tendency of residents has been declining year by year. From 2111 to 2117, the consumption tendency of urban residents in Hangzhou was 81.6%, 82.3%, 78.2%, 77.1%, 77%, 81.9%, 76.1% and 68.7% respectively. The decline in consumer demand is inevitable.